CN113607915A - Portable compost maturity detector based on embedded system and detection method - Google Patents
Portable compost maturity detector based on embedded system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a portable compost maturity detector and a method based on an embedded system, and the portable compost maturity detector comprises a maturity signal acquisition unit, a processor, an output device, an upper computer and a power supply; the processor is used for receiving the maturity signals acquired by the maturity signal acquisition unit and analyzing and processing the maturity signals, and the output device is connected with the processor and outputs the analysis and processing results of the processor. The upper computer is used for data input and setting of range values; the power supply is connected with the processor and used for supplying power to the outside. The portable compost maturity detector based on the embedded system, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the maturity is detected simply, conveniently and rapidly through the portable design, the detector can be used on site, the detector is suitable for more scenes, and the rapid and routine detection and evaluation analysis of the maturity are promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compost maturity detection, in particular to a portable compost maturity detector and a detection method based on an embedded system.
Background
Composting is a process of biologically converting organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws, kitchen waste and the like under controllable conditions such as humidity, temperature, aeration and the like. At present, compost still occupies an important position in the global waste management strategy. The compost product can be used as a soil conditioner to recover a large amount of nutrients and organic matters, and is an option with environmental and economic benefits for human beings.
The maturity (maturity) refers to the degree of stability of organic matters in raw materials after a series of complex biochemical reactions through mineralization and humification of microorganisms in the composting process, and is an important parameter for evaluating the maturity of the compost and the quality of compost products. Whether the compost finished product is decomposed or not is about the influence effect of the organic fertilizer finished product on crops after entering the soil. Immature compost can cause a number of problems during storage, distribution and use. When the non-decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to soil, because the organic matter is not completely stable, the microorganisms consume oxygen in soil gaps, continuously decompose organic matters, form a local anaerobic environment in the root area of crops, and release harmful gases such as nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and the like in the process of degrading the organic matters; the situation that nitrogen in soil is robbed by plants due to insufficient nitrogen source in the decomposition process because the C/N of the raw materials which are not decomposed is high; meanwhile, part of organic acid generated in the degradation process has toxic action on plants and has adverse effects on the germination of seeds, the growth of the plants and the yield of crops.
The existing compost maturity indexes are various and comprise physical evaluation indexes, chemical evaluation indexes, biological evaluation indexes and the like, and a comprehensive analysis method. However, most of the existing maturity evaluation indexes and methods have the problems of complicated process, high detection requirement, long detection time and the like.
In view of the above, a need exists for a rapid and portable compost maturity detection device.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a portable compost maturity detector based on an embedded system, which can quickly obtain the maturity index of compost maturity and save the detection time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a portable compost maturity detector based on an embedded system, which comprises a maturity signal acquisition unit, a processor and an output device, wherein the processor is used for acquiring compost maturity signals; the processor is used for receiving the maturity signals acquired by the maturity signal acquisition unit and analyzing and processing the maturity signals, and the output device is connected with the processor and outputs the analysis and processing results of the processor.
Further, the device also comprises an upper computer and a power supply; the upper computer is used for data input and setting of range values; the power supply is connected with the processor and used for supplying power to the outside.
Further, the processor adopts an STM32 single chip microcomputer which is used for numerical value judgment and result evaluation;
further, the maturity signal acquisition unit comprises a plurality of sensors for acquiring sample data, wherein the sensors comprise a pH sensor, an EC sensor and a humidity sensor;
the pH sensor, the EC sensor and the humidity sensor are used for collecting the pH value of the object to be detected and transmitting a pH value signal to the processor; the conductivity detector is used for collecting the conductivity of an object to be detected and transmitting a conductivity signal to the processor; used for collecting the humidity of the object to be detected and transmitting the humidity signal to the processor.
Further, the upper computer comprises an input module and an output module, the input module is used for setting different index ranges and setting index data, and the output module is used for outputting the analysis processing result of the processor and the setting information of the input module.
Furthermore, the detector comprises a shell, a circuit board arranged in the shell and a display screen arranged on the shell, wherein a sensor interface and an upper computer interface are arranged on the circuit board; the sensor interface and the upper computer interface are respectively connected with the processor, and the power supply is connected with the processor;
the sensor interface is used for connecting the maturity signal acquisition unit and transmitting the maturity signal acquired by the maturity signal acquisition unit; the upper computer interface is used for connecting an upper computer and receiving and uploading external signals; the power supply standby interface is used for connecting an external standby power supply;
the shell is provided with an input keyboard, and the input keyboard is connected with the processor and used for inputting external input information of the detector and setting initial parameters of the detector.
Further, the shell is the hand-held type structure, the hand-held type structure includes handle and display screen window, handle portion is provided with the circuit board cavity of the power cavity chamber of installation power and circuit board. The shape of the circuit board is matched with that of the handheld structure.
The invention also provides a maturity detection method of the portable compost maturity detector based on the embedded system, wherein a program for detecting and operating the maturity is stored on the processor, and the processor executes the program to realize the following steps:
setting alternative indexes;
setting a necessary index and a preset range value of an alternative index;
comprehensively judging the maturity of the compost according to the selected optional indexes and the selected optional indexes.
Further, the optional indexes comprise pH, EC and chromatographic distance, and the alternative indexes comprise color difference, sugar degree and water content; obtaining a probability relation of the maturity by adopting logistic regression analysis;
wherein: x1 is pH; x2 is EC, unit: mS/cm; x3 is the chromatographic distance, unit: cm.
Further, reading the data of the pH, the EC and the water content through corresponding sensors; the chromatographic distance, the chromaticity and the sugar data are input through an upper computer, and an index evaluation range is set;
further, the comprehensive judgment of the compost maturity according to the selected optional indexes and the selected optional indexes specifically comprises the following steps:
when the host is powered, the data is read and input. Firstly, judging the range of each selected index, and if any index exceeds the set range, outputting No; if all the indexes are within the set range, the calculation of the P value is started. When the P value is smaller than a preset threshold value, outputting 'N0', which indicates that the compost is in an unripe state; and when the P value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, outputting 'Yes', and indicating that the compost is in a rotten state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the portable compost maturity detector based on the embedded system, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the maturity is simply and rapidly detected through the portable design, the detector can be used on site, and the detector is suitable for more scenes, and promotes rapid and routine detection and evaluation analysis of the maturity.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
fig. 1 is a schematic frame diagram.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a host computer.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the procedure for detecting the degree of decomposition.
Fig. 4 is a picture of an upper computer.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the LED screen.
In the figure, 1-shell, 2-display screen, 3-sensor interface, 4-upper computer interface, 5-power standby interface, 6-input keyboard and 7-handle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can practice the present invention, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the portable compost maturity detector based on an embedded system provided in this embodiment includes a maturity signal acquisition unit, a processor, an output device, an upper computer, and a power supply;
the processor is used for receiving the maturity signals acquired by the maturity signal acquisition unit and analyzing and processing the maturity signals,
the output device is connected with the processor and outputs the analysis and processing result of the processor.
The upper computer is used for data input and setting of range values; the power supply is connected with the processor and used for supplying power to the outside.
The processor adopts an STM32 single chip microcomputer which is used for numerical judgment and result evaluation, can accept the transmitted data, and can calculate and analyze to obtain the final conclusion.
The maturity signal acquisition unit comprises a plurality of sensors for acquiring sample data, and the sensors transmit data by RS 485.
The upper computer comprises an input module and an output module, wherein the input module is used for setting different index ranges and setting data of indexes, and the output module is used for outputting analysis processing results of the processor and setting information of the input module;
the power supply is connected with the processor and used for supplying power to the outside;
the detector provided by the embodiment comprises a shell 1, a circuit board arranged in the shell 1 and a display screen 2 arranged on the shell 1, wherein a sensor interface 3, an upper computer interface 4, a processor, a power supply and a power supply standby interface 5 are arranged on the circuit board; the sensor interface 3, the upper computer interface 4 and the power supply standby interface 5 are respectively connected with the processor, and the power supply is connected with the processor;
the sensor interface 3 is used for connecting the maturity signal acquisition unit and transmitting the maturity signal acquired by the maturity signal acquisition unit; the upper computer interface 4 is used for connecting an upper computer and receiving and uploading external signals; the power supply standby interface 5 is used for connecting an external standby power supply;
the shell 1 is provided with an input keyboard 6, and the input keyboard 6 is connected with the processor and used for inputting external input information of the detector and setting initial parameters of the detector;
the shell 1 is a handheld structure, the handheld structure comprises a handle 7 and a display screen 2 window, and a power supply cavity for installing a power supply and a circuit board cavity for installing a circuit board are arranged in the handle 7. The shape of the circuit board is matched with that of the handheld structure.
The maturity signal acquisition unit comprises a pH sensor, an EC sensor and a humidity sensor;
the pH sensor, the EC sensor and the humidity sensor are used for collecting the pH value of the object to be detected and transmitting a pH value signal to the processor; the conductivity detector is used for collecting the conductivity of an object to be detected and transmitting a conductivity signal to the processor; the humidity signal is transmitted to the processor;
the detector provided by the embodiment takes pH, EC and chromatographic distance as the necessary indexes, and obtains a probability relation of maturity under logistic regression analysis; meanwhile, the color difference, the sugar degree and the water content are used as alternative indexes, and the range values of the selected index and the alternative indexes are set according to the actual application scene to comprehensively evaluate the maturity. The rapid evaluation of the maturity is realized, the off-line work can be realized, the on-site detection can be realized, and the application scene is widened.
As shown in fig. 3, the method for detecting compost maturity by using the detector provided in this embodiment is determined by comprehensive index evaluation, and includes the following specific steps:
setting a necessary index and an alternative index, wherein the necessary index comprises pH, EC and chromatographic distance, and the alternative index comprises color difference, sugar degree and water content; obtaining a probability relation of the maturity by adopting logistic regression analysis;
wherein: x is the number of1Is pH; x is the number of2Is EC, unit: ms/cm; x is the number of3Is the chromatographic distance, in units: cm;
according to the probability relation of the compost maturity provided by the embodiment, each coefficient parameter is adjusted through a plurality of tests, and the compost maturity can be accurately obtained when the coefficient parameter is the parameter in the formula.
Calculating the degree of decomposition for comprehensive evaluation;
reading the data of the pH, the EC and the water content through corresponding sensors; the chromatographic distance, the chromaticity and the sugar data are input through an upper computer, and a necessary index and a preset range value of an alternative index are set; comprehensively judging the maturity of the compost according to the selected optional indexes and the selected optional indexes, and specifically comprising the following steps of:
when the host is powered, the data is read and input. Firstly, judging the range of each selected index, and if any index exceeds the set range, outputting No; if all the indexes are within the set range, the calculation of the P value is started. When the P value is smaller than a preset threshold value, outputting 'N0', which indicates that the compost is in an unripe state; and when the P value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, outputting 'Yes', and indicating that the compost is in a rotten state.
In this embodiment, five groups of sample data are operated, and an operation result shows that when GI is greater than 0.5 and T value is between 0.53 and 0.72, the sample is considered to be decomposed and assigned as "1"; otherwise, the food is considered to be not decomposed, and the value is assigned to be 0; the specific verification analysis method is as follows:
five groups of organic fertilizers with different C/N (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35) ratios stacked for 35 days are subjected to maturity evaluation by using GI (index of gravity) values, T (index of gravity) values and a maturity instrument based on STM32, and verified and analyzed.
The relevant properties for the five groups of samples are as follows:
TABLE 1 test sample Properties
The evaluation criteria for GI values are based on findings from Bertran et al studies: when GI is less than 0.5, the product is not decomposed; when GI is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than 0.8, the food is basically decomposed; when GI is more than or equal to 0.8, the product is completely decomposed. The evaluation criteria for the T value are according to the Itavaara et al study showing: when T is more than or equal to 0.53 and less than or equal to 0.72, the compost is thoroughly decomposed.
And selecting an alternative index color difference to comprehensively judge the maturity based on an STM32 maturity instrument. The pH value, the EC value, the chromatographic distance and the color difference are respectively set to be 7-8, 2-6, 4-6 and more than or equal to 5 in sequence according to experimental analysis and related research results of compost such as reference fertilizers, organic matters and the like.
TABLE 2 results of four methods for evaluating degree of decomposition
As can be seen from the above table, the evaluation results of the five groups of samples by the three methods are generally consistent, and the attribute identification and the reliability of the STM32 rotting degree instrument are illustrated. The result of the T value for sample 1 is different from the results determined by other methods, but the T value for sample 1 is 0.527, which is different from the lower limit of the given range of 0.53 by only 0.003, and the difference is very small, so the effect is not great. This also shows the disadvantage of evaluating the degree of decomposition by a single index.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the portable compost maturity detector based on the embedded system provided by the embodiment can quickly evaluate the compost maturity. If YES, decomposing; outputting 'NO', and performing non-decomposition, wherein specific use instructions are as follows:
chromatographic distance, chroma and sugar degree experiment values are all input through a module 2 of an upper computer.
And secondly, selecting the alternative indexes in the instrument, inputting the color difference and the sugar degree in the module 2 (namely selecting), and externally connecting a humidity sensor to the humidity.
Setting of each index judgment range and selection of alternative indexes can be reasonably selected according to the property of the stockpile or the actual application scene.
(2) The method comprises the following operation steps:
preparing a filtrate of a sample to be detected. Weighing a proper amount of sample, adding deionized water according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, uniformly mixing, soaking for 10min, filtering, and extracting filtrate for later use.
And setting data. Opening the upper computer, and inputting selected index data in the module 2; and setting the parameter ranges of all the selected indexes in the module III.
And thirdly, downloading the data. Connecting the host computer and the computer by a USB line, opening an upper computer interface, selecting a connection serial port, connecting the instrument and the upper computer, and clicking the setting to complete data downloading.
And fourthly, reading data and evaluating the maturity of the sensor. After the sensor and the host are connected, the sensor is placed in the filtrate, and the on-off key is pressed, so that data reading and maturity evaluation are automatically carried out. All the selected index values and the resulting outputs are displayed on an LED screen, as shown in FIG. 5.
CX is the chromatographic distance; EC is the electrical conductivity; pH is pH value; HU is humidity; SU is color difference; CH is the sugar degree; RANGE is the judgment result
Description of logic judgment: selecting pH, EC and chromatographic distance as the necessary indexes, and chroma, sugar degree and water content as the optional indexes. And (4) fitting a maturity judging equation about the P value by using Logistic regression analysis among the selected indexes.
Reading the data of pH, EC and water content through corresponding sensors; chromatographic distance, chroma and brix data are transmitted and input through an upper computer, and meanwhile, the upper computer sets evaluation ranges of all indexes, and selects alternative indexes: data may be entered at module 2 as shown in fig. 5.
When the host computer is powered on, the data of the sensor and the input data are read.
When the host is powered, the data is read and input. Firstly, judging the range of each selected index, and if any index exceeds the set range, outputting No; if all the indexes are within the set range, the calculation of the P value is started. When the P value is smaller than a preset threshold value, outputting 'N0', which indicates that the compost is in an unripe state; and when the P value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, outputting 'Yes', and indicating that the compost is in a rotten state.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or the change made by the person skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A portable compost maturity detector based on embedded system which is characterized in that: comprises a decomposition degree signal acquisition unit, a processor and an output device; the processor is used for receiving the maturity index signals acquired by the maturity signal acquisition unit and analyzing and processing the maturity index signals, and the output device is connected with the processor and outputs the analysis and processing results of the processor.
2. The portable compost maturity detector of claim 1 wherein: the device also comprises an upper computer and a power supply; the upper computer is used for data reading input and setting of range values; the power supply is connected with the processor and used for supplying power to the outside.
3. The portable compost maturity detector of claim 1 wherein: the processor adopts an STM32 single chip microcomputer which is used for numerical judgment and result evaluation;
the maturity signal acquisition unit comprises a plurality of sensors for acquiring sample data, and the sensors comprise a pH sensor, an EC sensor and a humidity sensor;
the pH sensor, the EC sensor and the humidity sensor are used for acquiring the pH value of the object to be detected and transmitting a pH value signal to the processor; the conductivity detector is used for collecting the conductivity of an object to be detected and transmitting a conductivity signal to the processor; used for collecting the humidity of the object to be detected and transmitting the humidity signal to the processor.
4. The portable compost maturity detector of claim 2 wherein: the upper computer comprises an input module and an output module, the input module is used for setting different index ranges and setting data of indexes, and the output module is used for outputting analysis processing results of the processor and setting information of the input module.
5. The portable compost maturity detector of claim 1 wherein: the detector comprises a shell, a circuit board arranged in the shell and a display screen arranged on the shell, wherein a sensor interface, an upper computer interface, a processor, a power supply and a power supply standby interface are arranged on the circuit board; the sensor interface, the upper computer interface and the power supply standby interface are respectively connected with the processor, and the power supply is connected with the processor;
the sensor interface is used for connecting the maturity signal acquisition unit and transmitting the maturity signal acquired by the maturity signal acquisition unit; the upper computer interface is used for connecting an upper computer and receiving and uploading external signals; the power supply standby interface is used for connecting an external standby power supply;
the shell is provided with an input keyboard, and the input keyboard is connected with the processor and used for inputting external input information of the detector and setting initial parameters of the detector.
6. The portable compost maturity detector of claim 1 wherein: the shell is the hand-held type structure, the hand-held type structure includes handle and display screen window, handle portion sets up the circuit board cavity with the power cavity of installation power and circuit board. The shape of the circuit board is matched with that of the handheld structure.
7. The compost maturity detection method of the portable compost maturity detector based on embedded system as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the processor stores thereon a computer program for detecting maturity, and when executing the program, the processor implements the following steps:
setting a necessary index and an alternative index;
setting a necessary index and a preset range value of an alternative index;
comprehensively judging the maturity of the compost according to the selected indexes and the selected alternative indexes.
8. The maturity detection method of claim 7, wherein: the optional indexes comprise pH, EC and chromatographic distance, and the alternative indexes comprise chroma, sugar degree and humidity; obtaining a probability relation of the maturity by adopting logistic regression analysis;
wherein: x1 is pH; x2 is EC, unit: mS/cm; x3 is the chromatographic distance, unit: cm.
9. The maturity detection method of claim 7, wherein: reading the data of the pH, the EC and the humidity through corresponding sensors; and the chromatographic distance, the chromaticity and the sugar degree data are transmitted and input through an upper computer, and meanwhile, the index evaluation range is set.
10. The maturity detection method of claim 7, wherein: the compost maturity judging method based on the selected indexes comprises the following steps:
determining the setting range of the necessary and selected optional indexes, and if any one of the indexes exceeds the setting range; outputting No, which indicates that the compost is in an undegraded state; if all the indexes are in the set range, starting to calculate the P value; when the P value is smaller than a preset threshold value, outputting 'N0', which indicates that the compost is in an unripe state; and when the P value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, outputting 'Yes', and indicating that the compost is in a rotten state.
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