CN111175291A - Method for rapidly detecting compost maturity - Google Patents
Method for rapidly detecting compost maturity Download PDFInfo
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- CN111175291A CN111175291A CN202010042128.XA CN202010042128A CN111175291A CN 111175291 A CN111175291 A CN 111175291A CN 202010042128 A CN202010042128 A CN 202010042128A CN 111175291 A CN111175291 A CN 111175291A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly detecting compost maturity; the method adopts the comparison of the migration distance of the filter liquor of the compost to be tested and the decomposed compost of the same kind under the same conditions to judge the decomposition degree. The detection method of the invention does not need professional experimental instruments and experimenters, has accurate, stable and reliable detection result of the maturity, and realizes the rapid and on-site maturity identification of compost samples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly detecting compost maturity.
Background
With the development of modern economy, particularly agriculture, large amounts of organic solid waste are produced. At present, common agricultural wastes comprise livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like, and greening wastes generated in forestry. For the purpose of recycling, these agricultural wastes and forestry wastes are generally treated in a composting manner. The compost not only can make pathogenic bacteria in the waste harmless through high-temperature fermentation under the action of microorganisms, and humification and stabilization of organic matters to finally achieve maturity, but also can be further processed into organic pollution-free fertilizers.
For composting, the composting process and the degree of decomposition of the waste must be accurately grasped. If the compost is too rotten, a large amount of nutrients cannot be fully utilized, and the waste is consumed; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the incompletely decomposed compost is too high, the organic matters in the compost are not stable enough, and the compost can have some adverse effects on the growth of crops after being applied, such as the inhibition of nitrogen absorption of the crops, the generation of plant oxygen deficiency and the like; in addition, the undegraded compost can generate a plurality of harmful components which can seriously poison the root system of the plant, thereby influencing the normal growth of the plant.
In order to avoid these negative effects of composting, accurate detection of the degree of composting is a very important issue, which is the guarantee of the quality of the compost product and its safe agriculture. The existing compost maturity indexes are various and comprise physical evaluation indexes, chemical evaluation indexes, wave spectrum analysis methods and biological evaluation indexes. The physical evaluation indexes comprise temperature, smell, chroma, residual turbidity, thermogravimetric analysis and the like, and the physical evaluation indexes are difficult to quantitatively represent the change of the composting components in the composting process, difficult to quantitatively explain the composting degree of the compost and lack of reliability and operability; common chemical evaluation indexes comprise organic matter change indexes, ammonia nitrogen indexes, humification indexes, carbon-nitrogen ratios, organic acids and the like; the biological evaluation indexes comprise biological activity, seed germination rate and the like.
The method for measuring the evaluation index of the maturity has the problems of complicated process, long detection time consumption, high cost and high condition requirements on experimental instruments and experimenters. Not only hinders the rapid and convenient evaluation of the composting degree of the compost sample, but also limits the development and optimization of the composting process to a certain extent. A simple, rapid and field-applicable rapid detection method for the maturity is urgently needed to be developed, and rapid and conventional detection and evaluation of the maturity are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly detecting the compost maturity, which can simply, conveniently and rapidly detect the maturity on site, and has accurate, stable and reliable detection result of the maturity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly detecting compost maturity comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a certain amount of compost to be detected, adding a certain amount of solvent, and stirring to soak the compost to be detected in water for a fixed time;
(2) filtering the soaking solution to obtain filtrate;
(3) taking a certain amount of filtrate, immersing the tail end of the test paper into the filtrate, standing for a fixed time, and taking out the test paper, and recording as test paper I;
(4) taking decomposed compost of the same kind as the compost to be detected, and recording the obtained test paper as test paper II according to the operations from the step (1) to the step (3);
(5) comparing test paper I with test paper II: if the migration distance of the filtrate on the test paper I is smaller than that of the filtrate on the test paper II, indicating that the compost to be detected is not decomposed; and if the migration distance of the filtrate on the test paper I is greater than or equal to that of the filtrate on the test paper II, indicating that the compost to be detected is decomposed.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the solvent is water.
Preferably, in the step (3), the test paper is loaded with a moisture indicator in advance.
As a preferred technical scheme, the moisture indicator is cobalt chloride or copper sulfate.
As a preferred technical scheme, the test paper comprises a diffusion section and a color development section, wherein the diffusion section is positioned at the tail end of the test paper and is not loaded with a reagent, and the color development section is positioned above the diffusion section and is loaded with a moisture indicator.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the length of the color development section of the test paper is 5-15 cm, and the length of the diffusion section is 5-15 cm.
According to a preferable technical scheme, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the compost to the solvent is 1: 10-50, and the soaking time is 10-30 min.
In the preferable technical scheme, in the step (3), the standing time for immersing the tail end of the test paper into the filtrate is 10-150 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the end of the test paper is provided with a tip protruding towards the middle.
Preferably, in the step (3), the length of the test paper is 10-30 cm, and the width of the test paper is 1.5-2.5 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the principle of the invention is as follows: in the compost fermentation process, macromolecular substances are decomposed into micromolecular substances, and the decomposed and non-decomposed composts contain different substances, different concentrations and different polarities, so that the diffusion speeds of filtrates of the decomposed and non-decomposed composts on test paper are different, and the migration distances in the same time are different. The detection method of the invention does not need professional experimental instruments and experimenters, has accurate, stable and reliable detection result of the maturity, and realizes the rapid and on-site maturity identification of compost samples.
2. Aiming at compost with unobvious filtrate color, the invention is also specially provided with test paper loaded with a moisture indicator, the filtrate diffuses and migrates on the test paper and develops color after contacting the moisture indicator, and the migration distance of the filtrate is observed more obviously and visually.
3. The invention also provides test paper with a middle protruding tip, which can reduce the influence of edge effect, make the filtrate spread uniformly and facilitate the observation of the detection result.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 shows the results of compost maturity test in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the test paper of example 2;
FIG. 3 shows the results of compost maturity test in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to specific examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to practice the same, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
Detecting the maturity of a certain yellow mealworm manure compost:
(1) taking 50g of the tenebrio molitor dung compost to be detected, adding 1000g of water, and stirring to soak the tenebrio molitor dung compost to be detected for 30 min;
(2) filtering the soaking solution to obtain filtrate;
(3) taking test paper, wherein the tail end of the test paper is provided with a tip protruding towards the middle part, the length of the test paper is 20cm, and the width of the test paper is 2 cm; taking 3ml of filtrate, immersing the tail end of the test paper into the filtrate, standing for 30min, and taking out the test paper which is marked as test paper I (the left test paper in the figure 1);
(4) taking the same type of decomposed compost (comprehensively judged by various classical evaluation indexes such as temperature, smell, chromaticity, composting time, seed germination index and the like), and marking the obtained test paper as test paper II (the left two test paper in the figure 1) according to the operations from the step (1) to the step (3);
(5) comparing test paper I with test paper II: as shown in figure 1, the migration distance of the filtrate on the test paper I is smaller than that on the test paper II, which indicates that the compost to be tested is not decomposed.
And (5) repeating the steps (3) and (4), changing the standing time to 60min, 90min, 120min and 150min, and obtaining results as shown in figure 1, wherein the migration distance of the filtrate on the test paper I is smaller than that on the test paper II, which indicates that the compost to be detected is not decomposed.
Example 2
For compost where the filtrate color is not significant, filter paper loaded with moisture indicators such as cobalt chloride, copper sulfate, etc. may be used. The test paper comprises a diffusion section and a color development section, the diffusion section is located at the tail end of the test paper and is not loaded with a reagent, and the color development section is located above the diffusion section and is loaded with a moisture indicator, as shown in fig. 2.
Taking the test paper loaded with cobalt chloride as an example, the color development section of the test paper is blue, and the maturity degree of the test paper is detected according to the method of the example 1, and the result is shown in fig. 3: after the filtrate migrates to the color development sections of the test paper I and the test paper II, the blue color of the color development section is changed into red color, and the migration distance of the filtrate on the test paper I (the left test paper in the figure 3) is smaller than that on the test paper II (the right test paper in the figure 3), which indicates that the compost to be detected is not decomposed.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly detecting compost maturity is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a certain amount of compost to be detected, adding a certain amount of solvent, and stirring to enable the solvent to soak the compost to be detected for a fixed time;
(2) filtering the soaking solution to obtain filtrate;
(3) taking a certain amount of filtrate, immersing the tail end of the test paper into the filtrate, standing for a fixed time, and taking out the test paper, and recording as test paper I;
(4) taking decomposed compost of the same kind as the compost to be detected, and recording the obtained test paper as test paper II according to the operations from the step (1) to the step (3);
(5) comparing test paper I with test paper II: if the migration distance of the filtrate on the test paper I is smaller than that of the filtrate on the test paper II, indicating that the compost to be detected is not decomposed; and if the migration distance of the filtrate on the test paper I is greater than or equal to that of the filtrate on the test paper II, indicating that the compost to be detected is decomposed.
2. The method for rapidly detecting compost maturity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the solvent is water.
3. The method for rapidly detecting compost maturity according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (3), the test paper is loaded with a moisture indicator in advance.
4. The method for rapidly detecting compost maturity according to claim 3, characterized in that: the moisture indicator is cobalt chloride or copper sulfate.
5. The method for rapidly detecting compost maturity according to claim 3, characterized in that: the test paper comprises a diffusion section and a color development section, wherein the diffusion section is positioned at the tail end of the test paper and is not loaded with a reagent, and the color development section is positioned above the diffusion section and is loaded with a moisture indicator.
6. The method for rapidly detecting compost maturity according to claim 5, characterized in that: the length of the color development section of the test paper is 5-15 cm, and the length of the diffusion section is 5-15 cm.
7. The method for rapidly detecting the compost maturity according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the compost to the solvent is 1: 10-50, and the soaking time is 10-30 min.
8. The method for rapidly detecting the compost maturity according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: in the step (3), the standing time for immersing the tail end of the test paper into the filtrate is 10-150 min.
9. The method for rapidly detecting the compost maturity according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: in the step (3), the tail end of the test paper is provided with a tip protruding towards the middle.
10. The method for rapidly detecting the compost maturity according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: in the step (3), the length of the test paper is 10-30 cm, and the width of the test paper is 1.5-2.5 cm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113607915A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-11-05 | 重庆工商大学 | Portable compost maturity detector based on embedded system and detection method |
| CN116908171A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-10-20 | 中农创达(北京)环保科技有限公司 | Color reagent for detecting compost maturity as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN118209546A (en) * | 2024-05-21 | 2024-06-18 | 吉林大学 | Rapid compost maturity detection method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113607915A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-11-05 | 重庆工商大学 | Portable compost maturity detector based on embedded system and detection method |
| CN113607915B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2024-02-02 | 重庆工商大学 | Portable compost maturity detector and detection method based on embedded system |
| CN116908171A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-10-20 | 中农创达(北京)环保科技有限公司 | Color reagent for detecting compost maturity as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN118209546A (en) * | 2024-05-21 | 2024-06-18 | 吉林大学 | Rapid compost maturity detection method |
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