CN110967305A - Test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity and using method thereof - Google Patents
Test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110967305A CN110967305A CN201911166764.7A CN201911166764A CN110967305A CN 110967305 A CN110967305 A CN 110967305A CN 201911166764 A CN201911166764 A CN 201911166764A CN 110967305 A CN110967305 A CN 110967305A
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- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/29—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using visual detection
- G01N21/293—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using visual detection with colour charts, graduated scales or turrets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity and a using method thereof. The test paper box comprises ninhydrin test paper, a colorimetric card and a detection container; the ninhydrin test paper is a test paper loaded with ninhydrin; the color of the color comparison cards is blue-violet, the color comparison cards are sequentially arranged according to the depth of the blue-violet, and the blue-violet of the color comparison cards is determined according to the blue-violet generated by the reaction of amino acid solutions with different concentrations and ninhydrin; and the detection container is provided with capacity scales. The method can be used for simply, conveniently and quickly detecting the degree of decomposition on site, has accurate, stable and reliable detection result of the degree of decomposition, is more flexible to use, and is suitable for detecting the degree of decomposition of various composts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost, and particularly relates to a test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity and a using method thereof.
Background
With the development of modern economy, particularly agriculture, large amounts of organic solid waste are produced. At present, common agricultural wastes comprise livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like, and greening wastes generated in forestry. For the purpose of recycling, these agricultural wastes and forestry wastes are generally treated in a composting manner. The compost not only can make pathogenic bacteria in the waste harmless through high-temperature fermentation under the action of microorganisms, and humification and stabilization of organic matters to finally achieve maturity, but also can be further processed into organic pollution-free fertilizers.
For composting, the composting process and the degree of decomposition of the waste must be accurately grasped. If the compost is too rotten, a large amount of nutrients cannot be fully utilized, and the waste is consumed; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the incompletely decomposed compost is too high, the organic matters in the compost are not stable enough, and the compost can have some adverse effects on the growth of crops after being applied, such as the inhibition of nitrogen absorption of the crops, the generation of plant oxygen deficiency and the like; in addition, the undegraded compost can generate a plurality of harmful components which can seriously poison the root system of the plant, thereby influencing the normal growth of the plant.
In order to avoid these negative effects of composting, accurate detection of the degree of composting is a very important issue, which is the guarantee of the quality of the compost product and its safe agriculture. The existing compost maturity indexes are various and comprise physical evaluation indexes, chemical evaluation indexes, wave spectrum analysis methods and biological evaluation indexes. The physical evaluation indexes comprise temperature, smell, chroma, residual turbidity, thermogravimetric analysis and the like, and the physical evaluation indexes are difficult to quantitatively represent the change of the composting components in the composting process, difficult to quantitatively explain the composting degree of the compost and lack of reliability and operability; common chemical evaluation indexes comprise organic matter change indexes, ammonia nitrogen indexes, humification indexes, carbon-nitrogen ratios, organic acids and the like; the biological evaluation indexes comprise biological activity, seed germination rate and the like.
The method for measuring the evaluation index of the maturity has the problems of complicated process, long detection time consumption, high cost and high condition requirements on experimental instruments and experimenters. Not only hinders the rapid and convenient evaluation of the composting degree of the compost sample, but also limits the development and optimization of the composting process to a certain extent. The development of a simple, convenient and rapid decomposition degree detection device and method which can be used on site is urgently needed to promote rapid and conventional detection and evaluation of the decomposition degree.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity, which can simply, conveniently and rapidly detect the maturity on site.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity comprises ninhydrin test paper, a color comparison card and a detection container; the ninhydrin test paper is a test paper loaded with ninhydrin; the color of the color comparison cards is blue-violet, the color comparison cards are sequentially arranged according to the depth of the blue-violet, and the blue-violet of the color comparison cards is determined according to the blue-violet generated by the reaction of amino acid solutions with different concentrations and ninhydrin; and the detection container is provided with capacity scales.
As a preferred technical scheme, the ninhydrin test paper comprises a diffusion section and a color development section, wherein the diffusion section is positioned at the tail end of the test paper and is not loaded with a reagent, and the color development section is positioned above the diffusion section and is loaded with ninhydrin. When the method is used, the diffusion section is immersed in the soak solution of the compost, and the amino acid diffuses from the diffusion section to the color development section and then undergoes color development reaction with the ninhydrin, so that the ninhydrin is prevented from being dissolved in a sample aqueous solution during detection.
As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method of the ninhydrin test paper comprises the following steps: soaking ninhydrin ethanol solution with mass concentration of 0.2-0.6% in a loading area of the test paper, and then drying.
As a preferred technical scheme, the method for determining the bluish purple color of the color chart comprises the following steps: respectively preparing glycine solutions with mass concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75%, 2.00%, 2.25%, 2.50%, 2.75%, 3.00%, 3.25%, 3.50%, 3.75%, 4.00%, 4.25%, 4.50%, 4.75% and 5.00%, respectively adding excessive ninhydrin ethanol solutions, heating in a water bath at 100 ℃ for reaction, and determining the blue-violet color presented as the blue-violet color of the colorimetric card.
Preferably, the detection container is a detection cup or a detection tube with volume scales.
Preferably, the detection container is further provided with a stirring rod.
The invention also aims to provide a use method of the test paper box for rapidly detecting the compost maturity, and the detection result of the maturity is accurate, stable and reliable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a use method of a test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity comprises the following steps:
(1) putting a certain amount of compost to be detected into a detection container, adding a certain amount of water, and stirring to fully soak the compost to be detected with the water;
(2) putting the ninhydrin test paper into a detection container, and immersing the tail end of the ninhydrin test paper into a soak solution of the compost to be detected;
(3) taking out the ninhydrin test paper, heating and drying the ninhydrin test paper, comparing the color on the ninhydrin test paper with that of the color chart, and determining the color chart closest to the color on the ninhydrin test paper, namely the color chart of the compost to be detected;
(4) taking decomposed compost of the same kind as the compost to be detected, and determining a color comparison card of the decomposed compost according to the operations from the step (1) to the step (3);
(5) comparing the color comparison card of the compost to be detected with the color comparison card of the decomposed compost: if the color of the color card of the compost to be detected is lighter than that of the decomposed compost, the compost to be detected is not decomposed; and if the color of the color card of the compost to be detected is darker than that of the decomposed compost, the compost to be detected is decomposed.
In the use method, if the color of the compost to be detected or the decomposed compost is too dark after the color reaction with the ninhydrin and exceeds the color range of the color chart, the amount of the added sample can be reduced or the amount of the added water can be increased; and vice versa.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step (1), the time for soaking the compost to be tested is 10-30 min, and the soaking time of the same kind of compost is the same.
In the step (2), the time for immersing the tail end of the ninhydrin test paper into the soak solution of the compost to be tested is 5-20 min, and the immersion time of the same kind of compost is the same.
According to a preferable technical scheme, in the step (3), the heating and drying mode is hot air blow drying or oven drying, and the heating and drying temperature is 60-120 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. during the composting fermentation process, protein can be decomposed into micromolecular polypeptide and amino acid, the content of the amino acid in the composting process is an effective index for evaluating the composting degree, and the amino acid can react with ninhydrin to generate a bluish purple substance. The invention combines the above principles, overcomes the defect that the amino acid content is measured by the traditional ninhydrin color development method and requires professional instruments such as a spectrophotometer, prepares the detection test paper box, does not need professional experimental instruments and experimenters, and realizes the rapid and on-site maturity identification of compost samples.
2. Due to the fact that different types of composts have great differences in raw material compositions, the existing method for determining the absolute value of the maturity evaluation index is lack of scientificity, for example, for a certain compost, the compost is determined to be already mature when the amino acid content reaches 20mg/g, but for another compost, the compost needs to reach 30mg/g to be determined to be already mature. The invention adopts a method of comparing the color of the compost to be detected and the decomposed compost of the same kind after color reaction under the same condition to obtain the result of comparing the decomposition degree of the compost to be detected and the decomposed compost for judgment. The detection and evaluation method is more scientific, accurate, stable and reliable, has flexibility, and can carry out autonomous selection and judgment according to different types of composts.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to specific examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to practice the same, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, a test paper box for rapidly detecting compost maturity, which comprises ninhydrin test paper 1, a color comparison card 2 and a detection container 3.
The ninhydrin test paper 1 is a test paper loaded with ninhydrin; the ninhydrin test paper comprises a diffusion section 1a and a color development section 1b, wherein the diffusion section 1a is positioned at the tail end of the test paper and is not loaded with a reagent, and the color development section 1b is positioned above the diffusion section 1a and is loaded with ninhydrin. The preparation method of the ninhydrin test paper comprises the following steps: a0.5% ninhydrin ethanol solution was immersed in the developing section 1b, and then dried.
The color comparison cards 2 are provided with a plurality of color comparison cards, the color of each color comparison card is blue-violet, and the color comparison cards are sequentially arranged according to the depth of the blue-violet; the blue-violet color of the color comparison card is determined according to the blue-violet color generated by the reaction of amino acid solutions with different concentrations and ninhydrin, and the determination method comprises the following steps: respectively preparing glycine solutions with mass concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75%, 2.00%, 2.25%, 2.50%, 2.75%, 3.00%, 3.25%, 3.50%, 3.75%, 4.00%, 4.25%, 4.50%, 4.75% and 5.00%, respectively adding excessive ninhydrin ethanol solutions, heating in a water bath at 100 ℃ for reaction, and determining the blue-violet color presented as the blue-violet color of the colorimetric card. The color charts numbered 1 to 20 in fig. 1 show that the blue-violet color of the color chart gradually deepens (the concentration of glycine solution gradually increases).
The detection container 3 is provided with capacity scales; the shape and structure of the detection container can be changed in many ways, such as a detection cup or a detection tube with capacity scales; the detection container 3 is also provided with a stirring rod 4, so that stirring is facilitated.
Example 2
Detecting the compost maturity of chicken manure in a certain chicken farm:
(1) taking the chicken manure compost (marked as sample 1) which is piled for 5 days, putting the chicken manure compost into a detection container (the amount of the chicken manure compost needs to reach the lowest scale mark), then adding water to the highest scale mark, and stirring to ensure that the water fully soaks the compost to be detected for 30 min;
(2) putting the ninhydrin test paper into a detection container, and immersing the diffusion section at the tail end of the ninhydrin test paper into the soak solution of the compost to be detected for 10 min;
(3) taking out the ninhydrin test paper, drying the ninhydrin test paper with hot air (hot air of an electric heating blower, and the temperature is controlled to be 60-120 ℃), comparing the color on the ninhydrin test paper with the color of the color chart, and determining the color chart closest to the color on the ninhydrin test paper, namely the color chart (number 6) of the sample 1;
(4) taking decomposed compost in the same chicken farm (comprehensively judged by various classical evaluation indexes such as temperature, smell, chromaticity, composting time, seed germination index and the like), and determining a color comparison card (number 11) of the decomposed compost according to the operations of the steps (1) to (3);
(5) the color of the color comparison card of the sample 1 is lighter than that of the decomposed compost, so that the sample 1 is judged to be not decomposed;
(6) taking chicken manure compost (recorded as a sample 2) which is stockpiled for 35 days in the same chicken farm, and determining a color comparison card (number 12) of the sample 2 according to the operations from the step (1) to the step (3);
(7) the color of the color chart of sample 2 is darker than the color chart of the decomposed compost, thus judging that sample 2 is highly decomposed.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a compost maturity short-term test paper box which characterized in that: the test paper box comprises ninhydrin test paper, a colorimetric card and a detection container; the ninhydrin test paper is a test paper loaded with ninhydrin; the color of the color comparison cards is blue-violet, the color comparison cards are sequentially arranged according to the depth of the blue-violet, and the blue-violet of the color comparison cards is determined according to the blue-violet generated by the reaction of amino acid solutions with different concentrations and ninhydrin; and the detection container is provided with capacity scales.
2. The compost maturity rapid detection test paper box of claim 1, characterized in that: the ninhydrin test paper comprises a diffusion section and a color development section, wherein the diffusion section is positioned at the tail end of the test paper and is not loaded with a reagent, and the color development section is positioned above the diffusion section and is loaded with ninhydrin.
3. The compost maturity rapid detection test paper box of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the preparation method of the ninhydrin test paper comprises the following steps: soaking ninhydrin ethanol solution with mass concentration of 0.2-0.6% in a loading area of the test paper, and then drying.
4. The compost maturity rapid detection test paper box of claim 1, characterized in that: the method for determining the blue-violet color of the color comparison card comprises the following steps: respectively preparing glycine solutions with mass concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75%, 2.00%, 2.25%, 2.50%, 2.75%, 3.00%, 3.25%, 3.50%, 3.75%, 4.00%, 4.25%, 4.50%, 4.75% and 5.00%, respectively adding excessive ninhydrin ethanol solutions, heating in a water bath at 100 ℃ for reaction, and determining the blue-violet color presented as the blue-violet color of the colorimetric card.
5. The compost maturity rapid detection test paper box of claim 1, characterized in that: the detection container is a detection cup or a detection tube with capacity scales.
6. The compost maturity rapid detection test paper box of claim 5, characterized in that: the detection container is also provided with a stirring rod.
7. The use method of the test paper box for rapidly detecting the compost maturity of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting a certain amount of compost to be detected into a detection container, adding a certain amount of water, and stirring to fully soak the compost to be detected with the water;
(2) putting the ninhydrin test paper into a detection container, and immersing the tail end of the ninhydrin test paper into a soak solution of the compost to be detected;
(3) taking out the ninhydrin test paper, heating and drying the ninhydrin test paper, comparing the color on the ninhydrin test paper with that of the color chart, and determining the color chart closest to the color on the ninhydrin test paper, namely the color chart of the compost to be detected;
(4) taking decomposed compost of the same kind as the compost to be detected, and determining a color comparison card of the decomposed compost according to the operations from the step (1) to the step (3);
(5) comparing the color comparison card of the compost to be detected with the color comparison card of the decomposed compost: if the color of the color card of the compost to be detected is lighter than that of the decomposed compost, the compost to be detected is not decomposed; and if the color of the color card of the compost to be detected is darker than that of the decomposed compost, the compost to be detected is decomposed.
8. The use method of the test paper box for rapidly detecting the compost maturity according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step (1), the time for soaking the compost to be tested is 10-30 min, and the soaking time of the same kind of compost is the same.
9. The use method of the test paper box for rapidly detecting the compost maturity according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step (2), the time for immersing the tail end of the ninhydrin test paper into the soak solution of the compost to be tested is 5-20 min, and the immersion time of the same kind of compost is the same.
10. The use method of the test paper box for rapidly detecting the compost maturity according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step (3), the heating and drying mode is hot air blow-drying or oven drying, and the heating and drying temperature is 60-120 ℃.
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| US20230159980A1 (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-05-25 | Wenzhou Medical University | Method for detecting l-serine based on cysteine desulfurase-containing living escherichia coli cell |
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