CN113607703B - 基于荧光碳点CDs的镉检测方法 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
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Abstract
本发明公开了基于荧光碳点CDs的镉检测方法,该方法采用荧光碳点CDs‑核酸适配体偶联物特异性检测镉含量,镉在420nm荧光波长下能使荧光碳点NCDs‑核酸适配体偶联物发生荧光猝灭;利用镉标准溶液对荧光碳点NCDs‑适配体偶联物进行特异性、灵敏度及实际样品的加标回收检测,实验结果表明该荧光碳点CDs‑核酸适配体偶联物具有高特异性、高亲和力的特点,可应用在对实际样品中的镉含量的检测中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于重金属检测技术领域,尤其涉及荧光碳点与核酸适配体偶联物的制备及基于荧光碳点建立特异性检测三七中镉含量的方法。
背景技术
镉(Cadmium, Cd)原子序数48,是一种有色金属元素,单质为银白色金属,能够吸收中子,是作为副产品从锌矿石或硫镉矿中提炼出来的,大多用来保护其他金属免受腐蚀和锈损,如电镀钢、铁制品、铜、黄铜及其他合金。在自然界中镉常以化合物状态存在,当环境受到镉污染后,镉可在生物体内富集,通过食物链进入人体引起慢性中毒。污染源主要是铅锌矿等。镉对土壤的污染主要有气型和水型两种。气型污染主要来自工业废气,污染范围有的可达数千米。水型污染主要是铅锌矿的选矿废水和有关工业(电镀、碱性电池等)废水排入地面水或渗入地下水引起。镉会对呼吸道产生刺激,长期暴露会造成嗅觉丧失症、牙龈黄斑或渐成黄圈。经呼吸被体内吸收后,积存于肝或肾脏造成危害,尤以对肾脏损害最为明显,还可导致骨质疏松和软化。
三七(Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen)为五加科植物。味甘,味苦,性温,有止血止痛,活血化瘀的功效,主要产区是云南和广西,其次是贵州、四川等地。其道地产区云南文山以及周边产区属于矿区环境,随着工业粉尘、工业废水、尾矿砂堆积等问题日益严重,三七中重金属超标频繁,严重制约其质量以及出口。国标规定对镉的检测法为石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,该法存在分析范围窄、测定速度慢、检测费用高、测定精度较差的缺点。
荧光碳点(Carbon Dots,CDs)是一种直径小于10nm 的新型碳纳米发光材料,其化学成分主要由 C、H、O和 N 四种元素构成。碳点具有优良的光学性质,良好的水溶性、低毒性、环境友好、原料来源广、成本低、生物相容性好等诸多优点。碳点的制备方法主要分为“自上而下”( Top- down) 合成法和“自下而上”( Bottom- up) 合成法,包括电弧放电法、激光销蚀法、电化学法、化学氧化法等。常被应用于化学传感器、生物传感器、生物成像、催化作用等。
但目前并没有将荧光碳点与适配体结合起来特异性检测镉的方法或产品。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种基于荧光碳点CDs的镉检测方法,该方法是采用荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物特异性检测镉含量,镉在420nm荧光波长下能使荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物发生荧光猝灭。
所述荧光碳点CDs采用常规一步水热法制备获得,对荧光碳点NCDs进行表征,呈均匀分散的球形结构,平均粒径为3.6nm,其晶格间距为0.23nm,荧光碳点NCDs主要以非晶型碳存在;荧光碳点NCDs表面存在的化学基团有O-H、N-H、C=O、C=C和C-N;
本发明采用荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物特异性检测镉含量方法如下:
(1)采用脱水缩合的方法制备荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物,具体是在室温下将1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺加入到浓度1-2g/mL的荧光碳点NCDs溶液9.85mL中,其中1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐在荧光碳点NCDs溶液中终浓度为1.2mmol/L,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺在荧光碳点NCDs溶液中终浓度为1.2mmol/L,搅拌激活1h后,加入浓度100μmol/L氨基修饰的核酸适配体150μL,混匀后反应2-3h制得;
氨基修饰的核酸适配体CD-4是在核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示核酸适配体的5'端修饰氨基;即为5'-NH2-GGACTGTTGTGGTATTATTTTTGGTTGTGC-3'。
(2)在15mL管中加入荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物200μL、镉标准溶液,定容到3mL,其中镉浓度范围在0.1-8ng/mL,采用荧光光谱仪在344 nm处激发,在420 nm处测定吸收峰,以镉浓度为横坐标,420nm处峰值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,得到回归方程;
(3)对待处理样品进行前处理,在15mL管中加入荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物200μL、预处理样品,在420 nm处测定吸收峰,代入步骤(2)回归方程,计算得到样品中镉含量;
(4)采用镉标准溶液、钴标准溶液、锂标准溶液、锆标准溶液和砷标准溶液进行特异性的验证。
本发明的有益效果如下:
与现有的重金属镉检测技术相比,利用镉特异性核酸适配体和荧光碳点偶联能够高亲和力、高特异性地识别并结合镉,确保了对三七中含有的镉的的准确性;镉能够使荧光碳点NCDs-适配体偶联物的荧光值降低,并且由检测结果于碳点材料自带荧光,也可以通过肉眼观察荧光强度从而估计三七中镉的含量,本发明方法操作简单、灵敏度高,检测限低,检测结果可靠,适用于工业化生产和市场推广应用,同时本发明填补了目前国内外通过将荧光碳点和适配体结合而特异性检测三七中镉的方法的空白。
附图说明
图1是本发明荧光碳点NCDs的透射电子显微镜图;
图2是本发明荧光碳点NCDs的粒子直径分布图;
图3是本发明荧光碳点NCDs的X射线衍射图;
图4是本发明荧光碳点NCDs的傅里叶转换红外光谱图;
图5是本发明荧光碳点NCDs的X射线光电子能谱分析图;
图6是本发明实施例提供的荧光碳点NCDs-适配体偶联物对镉的特异性分析;
图7是本发明实施例提供的荧光碳点NCDs-适配体偶联物对镉的灵敏度分析;
图8是本发明实施例提供的荧光碳点NCDs-适配体偶联物对镉进行检测的线性关系。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1:荧光碳点NCDs的制备及表征
1、荧光碳点NCDs的制备:采用一步水热法合成了荧光碳点NCDs
2、将2.01g柠檬酸固体颗粒和100μL乙二胺混合并溶解于30mL去离子水中,然后将混合物转移到聚四氟乙烯内衬高压釜中,在180℃下加热6h,待高压釜冷却至室温后取出,以10000rpm的转速离心10min;收集上清液,上清液通过0.22μm滤膜进行过滤;滤液再用透析膜(1000Da)纯化并于4℃储存;采用荧光光谱仪在344nm处激发,于420nm处记录荧光光谱;将5mL荧光碳点NCDs放入冷冻干燥机冷冻,使用时溶解于水中使NCDs浓度为0.15g/mL。
3、荧光碳点NCDs的表征
(1)利用透射电子显微镜图像表征荧光碳点NCDs的形态学特征,如图1和图2所示,NCDs是均匀分散的球形结构,平均直径为3.6nm,晶格间距为0.23nm;
(2)利用X射线衍射图对荧光碳点NCDs的存在形式进行分析,如图3所示,在22°左右只有一个衍射峰,这表明荧光碳点NCDs主要以非晶形碳的形式存在;
(3)利用傅里叶转换红外光谱图对荧光碳点NCDs表面存在的官能团进行了分析,如图4所示,O-H和N-H的振动拉伸分别在3488 cm−1和3360 cm−1处有明显的峰值,C=O、C=C和C-N在1715、1580和1425 cm−1处分别有明显的吸收峰;
(4)、利用X射线光电子能谱分析荧光碳点NCDs的成分,如图5所示,在284.5、399.4和531.5 eV处有三个主导峰,分别属于C、N和O元素,这表明合成的NCD含有C、N和O。
实施例2:荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物的制备
在室温下,将1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺加入到浓度1.5g/mL的荧光碳点NCDs溶液9.85mL中,其中1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐在荧光碳点NCDs溶液中终浓度为1.2mmol/L,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺在荧光碳点NCDs溶液中终浓度为1.2mmol/L,搅拌激活1h后,加入浓度100μmol/L氨基修饰的核酸适配体150μL,混匀后反应2h制得,将产物转移至15 mL离心管中,将其储存在4℃冰箱中;其中氨基修饰的核酸适配体CD-4是在核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示核酸适配体的5'端修饰氨基(北京擎科生物科技有限公司昆明分公司合成)。
实施例3:用荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物对镉进行特异性检测
为了验证该偶联物能否特异性识别镉,本实验中以钴(Co)、锂(Li)、锆(Zr)和砷(As)作为对照
1、取6个空15mL离心管,向其中加入上述制备的荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物200μL,其中一支直接加入2800μL去离子水,记为空白组;向其他5个离心管中分别加入镉(Cd)标准溶液、氯化钴、硝酸锂、氯化锆和三氧化二砷溶液,然后加入去离子水定容至3mL,金属离子在3mL的体系中浓度均为1μg/mL,混匀后于37℃摇床孵育30min;
2、采用荧光光谱仪在344nm处激发,于420nm处记录荧光光谱,结果见图6,从图中可以看出镉能够使荧光碳点NCDs-适配体偶联物发生荧光猝灭,因此说明本发明含荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物体系具有特异性识别镉的作用。
实施例4:荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物对镉的灵敏度分析
1、取9个15mL离心管,向其中加入实施例1制备的荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物200 μL、1mg/mL镉(Cd)标准溶液,然后加入去离子水定容至3mL,每一管3mL体系中镉(Cd)的浓度分别为0ng/mL、0.1ng/mL、0.2ng/mL、0.3ng/mL、0.5ng/mL、1ng/mL、2ng/mL、4ng/mL和8ng/mL,于37℃摇床孵育30min;
2、采用荧光光谱仪在344nm处激发,于420nm处记录荧光光谱。结果见图7,从图中可以看出荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物对镉(Cd)的检测限为0.1ng/mL。
实施例5:荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物对镉进行检测的线性关系分析
1、取11个15mL离心管,向其中加入实施例1制得的荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物200μL、1mg/mL镉(Cd)标准溶液,然后加入去离子水定容至3mL,每一管3mL体系里镉(Cd)的浓度分别为0ng/mL、20ng/mL、35ng/mL、40ng/mL、45g/mL、50ng/mL、55ng/mL、60ng/mL、1μg/mL、2μg/mL和5μg/mL,于37℃摇床孵育30min;
2、采用荧光光谱仪在344nm处激发,于420nm处记录荧光光谱;记录420 nm处的峰值,结果见图8,由图可知,镉的浓度为0ng/mL~60ng/mL时线性关系明显,R2=0.992。
实施例6:荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物对三七样品进行加标回收检测
1、样品前处理
(1)取两种不同的三七粉末,分别将0.1g三七粉末溶解于10mL去离子水作为检测样品,浓度为0.01g/mL;
(2)将上述样品溶液以4000rpm离心20min,吸取上清液,上清液用0.45μm膜过滤,记为样品1和样品2,于4℃冰箱中备用;
2、对三七样品进行加标回收检测及回收率的计算
(1)取6个15mL离心管,向其中加入实施例1制备的荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物200 μL,向其中三管加入200μL样品1,另外三管加入200μL样品1;
(2)分别向含样品1的三管中加入1mg/mL镉(Cd)标准溶液,然后加入去离子水定容至3mL,3mL体系里镉(Cd)的浓度分别为20 ng/mL、40 ng/mL和60 ng/mL;样品2的操作用样品1;于37℃摇床孵育30min。
(3)采用荧光光谱仪在344nm处激发,于420nm处记录荧光光谱;将得到的结果带入实施例5的线性方程中,得出对应的镉的浓度;
根据公式:回收率P=[(加标样品测定值-样品测定值)]/加标量]×100%得出加标回收率,结果为:含20ng/mL镉的样品1回收率为86.50%、含40ng/mL镉的样品1回收率为99.30%、含60ng/mL镉的样品1回收率为96.67%;含20ng/mL镉的样品2回收率为89.49%、含40ng/mL镉的样品2回收率为104.09%、含60ng/mL镉的样品2回收率为103.56%。
同时采用ICP-MS法对加标样品进行检测,结果为含20ng/mL镉的样品1回收率为44.10%、含40ng/mL镉的样品1回收率为102.80%、含60ng/mL镉的样品1回收率为72.43%;含20ng/mL镉的样品2回收率为94.20%、含40ng/mL镉的样品2回收率为62.68%、含60ng/mL镉的样品2回收率为103.80%。
本发明荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物制备方法简单,镉的浓度与荧光吸收峰值之间成线性关系,在对样品中的镉含量进行检测时显现出较好的特异性、灵敏度,本发明荧光碳点CDs-核酸适配体偶联物在实际样品检测重金属镉中发挥着重要的作用。
序列表
<110> 昆明理工大学
<120> 基于荧光碳点CDs的镉检测方法
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
<400> 1
ggactgttgt ggtattattt ttggttgtgc 30
Claims (1)
1.一种基于荧光碳点NCDs的镉检测方法,其特征在于:采用荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物特异性检测镉含量,镉在420nm荧光波长下能使荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物发生荧光猝灭;
所述荧光碳点NCDs-核酸适配体偶联物是在室温下将1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺加入到9.85mL浓度1-2g/mL的荧光碳点NCDs溶液中,其中1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐在荧光碳点NCDs溶液中终浓度为1.2mmol/L,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺在荧光碳点NCDs溶液中终浓度为1.2mmol/L,搅拌激活1h后,加入浓度100μmol/L氨基修饰的核酸适配体150μL,混匀后反应2-3h制得;其中氨基修饰的核酸适配体CD-4的核苷酸序列为5'-NH2-GGACTGTTGTGGTATTATTTTTGGTTGTGC-3';
所述荧光碳点NCDs制备方法是采用一步水热法合成了荧光碳点NCDs;同时将2.01g柠檬酸固体颗粒和100μL乙二胺混合并溶解于30mL去离子水中,然后将混合物转移到聚四氟乙烯内衬高压釜中,在180℃下加热6h,待高压釜冷却至室温后取出,以10000rpm的转速离心10min;收集上清液,上清液通过0 .22μm滤膜进行过滤;滤液再用1000Da透析膜纯化并于4℃储存;采用荧光光谱仪在344nm处激发,于420nm处记录荧光光谱;将5mL荧光碳点NCDs放入冷冻干燥机冷冻,使用时溶解于水中使荧光碳点NCDs浓度为0.15g/mL;
荧光碳点NCDs是均匀分散的球形结构,平均直径为3.6nm,晶格间距为0.23nm,荧光碳点NCDs主要以非晶形碳的形式存在;荧光碳点NCDs表面存在的官能团O-H和N-H的振动拉伸分别在3488cm-1和3360cm-1处有明显的峰值,C=O、C=C和C-N在1715 cm-1、1580cm-1和1425cm-1处分别有明显的吸收峰。
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