CN113580582A - 用于连接热塑性涂覆部件的方法以及塑料部件 - Google Patents

用于连接热塑性涂覆部件的方法以及塑料部件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113580582A
CN113580582A CN202110748460.2A CN202110748460A CN113580582A CN 113580582 A CN113580582 A CN 113580582A CN 202110748460 A CN202110748460 A CN 202110748460A CN 113580582 A CN113580582 A CN 113580582A
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China
Prior art keywords
parts
thermoplastic
coating
heating
component
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CN202110748460.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
J.戈策尔曼
H.萨尔兹曼
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Magna Exteriors GmbH
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Magna Exteriors GmbH
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Publication of CN113580582A publication Critical patent/CN113580582A/zh
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    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于连接两个热塑性部件的方法，其中热塑性部件的相对表面通过引入的能量至少部分地熔化。根据本发明的方法，两个热塑性部件中的至少一个具有扩展区域涂层。连接点和/或连接表面至少部分地位于涂覆表面之后，且在连接过程之后不会通过涂层显露。加热具有位于连接点之后的涂层的热塑性部件的加热区域产生相对于未涂覆区域减小的能量输入，加热区域布置成以边缘间距与要连接的部件的边缘间隔开，具有涂层的部件中的热输入在输入宽度的范围内发生。对于具有涂层的部件，热输入的穿透深度仅达到部件厚度的一半或三分之二。

Description

用于连接热塑性涂覆部件的方法以及塑料部件
本申请是申请号为201410573508.0、申请日为2014年10月23日、发明名称为“用于连接热塑性涂覆部件的方法以及塑料部件”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于连接两个热塑性部件的方法，其中，热塑性部件的相对表面通过引入的能量至少部分地熔化。
此外，本发明涉及借助于所述方法连接的塑料部件。
背景技术
早已知道焊接聚合材料部件。这使得可从单独部件建立复杂的组装结构。例如，焊接用于制造机动车辆的部件。
在这种情况下，具有大尺寸的部件通过焊接连接起来，具有大尺寸的部件是例如由聚合材料制成的保险杠覆层或者由形成外皮的相应片状零件和用于加强的结构元件制成的翼状件。结构元件还可以用于成形、加强和紧固形成外皮的部件。
在此，对所述部件的尺寸精度和外观有非常高的要求。
焊接通常借助“焊接穹顶”，即突起来完成，所述焊接穹顶布置在一个零件上，并穿过第二部件中的对应孔，并在该状态下，通过借助超声波焊接或超声波铆接的铆接动作(例如经由软化状态下的形状变化)连接第二部件。然而，在这种情况下，同样还可使用诸如振动焊接、旋转焊接或借助加热或辐射作用的焊接的焊接技术。
在这种情况下，DE 202005013901公开了一种焊接独立隆起的方法。
然而，当要连接涂覆部件时，已知的焊接方法总是出现问题。
作为用于将至少部分涂覆的外壳连接到内壳的方案，在现有技术中选择胶接技术，但是通常仍需要对部件表面进行预处理。此外，由于粘合剂仅具有低强度和刚性，胶接接头表现出部件刚度的弱化，结果，在胶接点处，在机械上对接头有害。
PP，即聚丙烯广泛用于车辆建造中。特别地，大面积结构，诸如车辆的内部装配以及后挡板和门由这种塑料制造。
有几种焊接方法可用于焊接PP，例如热元件焊接、超声波焊接或激光焊接。这些焊接方法的原理是，通过从外部供应能量使焊接区域软化，即转换为其可以成型的状态，由于加热和连接不能同时进行，所以这是分数个阶段进行的方法。该方法设想的是，加热元件加热塑料零件的连接点，直到它们达到熔化温度为止。然后，将所述连接点朝向彼此推动并按压在一起，直到它们完全冷却为止。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于连接部件的方法，其中，所述部件至少部分地被涂覆，并且在后侧的连接区域中也被涂覆。
上述目的通过本发明的技术方案来实现。详细地，该目的通过一种用于连接两个热塑性部件的方法来实现，其中，部件的相对表面通过引入的能量至少部分地熔化。在这种情况下，两个塑料部件中的至少一个至少部分地具有扩展区域涂层，其中，连接点和/或连接表面至少部分地位于涂覆表面之后，并且在连接过程之后不会通过涂层显露。根据本发明的方法的优点是，可使用热塑性塑料，并且不会损害涂覆表面的外观。
此外，有利地，聚丙烯可以用作塑料部件的材料。
为了产生精确的焊接，在第一步骤中，将机床的工具零件移动到一起，并进行校准。为此，它们朝向彼此移动，如此，插入的塑料部件以最佳方式对齐。
为了可靠地焊接比较大的部件，有利地，加热设备具有至少一个框架型加热区域。
此外，有利地，所述加热设备在两个辐射平面中具有加热区域，所述加热区域可以独立于彼此得到控制。
另外，有利地，在加热过程中，单独地控制每个辐射平面的加热区域。
此外，为了对涂层的影响最小，有利地，加热在连接点之后具有涂层的塑料部件的加热区域产生相对于未涂覆区域减小的能量输入。
此外，有利地，加热区域形成闭合框架结构。
有利地，加热区域布置成以边缘间距a与要连接的部件的边缘间隔开。
具有涂层的部件中的热输入在输入宽度b的范围内进行。在此，有利地，输入宽度选择成平缓地进行到所述部件的热分布。
此外，有利地，对于具有涂层的部件，热输入的穿透深度仅达到部件厚度z的一半或三分之二。
有利地，通过根据本发明的方法生产的塑料部件保留原始材料的刚性，即使在连接点和/或连接表面处也如此。
有利实施例是形成机动车辆后门的塑料部件。
此外，在此有利地，加强部件插入所述部件的至少一个中。
附图说明
参考附图以示例的方式来描述本发明：
图1示出了后门的说明性实施例的示意图；
图2示出了用于连接部件的机器的示意图；
图3示出加热设备的平面图；
图4示出了加热设备和热分布的细节。
具体实施方式
图1示出了机动车辆后门，其由两个大面积部件，即外壳1和内壳2构成。两个壳体1、2有切口11，其设置用于插入后窗。用于铰链12的凸部设置在外壳的高杠和内壳上。在图中，可以看到外壳1的外皮。外皮具有涂层3。在该示例中，涂层覆盖外壳1的位于切口11下方的下部区域。在该简化示图中，未示出构成用于后窗的切口11的杠。还可以涂覆这些侧杠和高杠。根据机动车辆制造商的要求，涂覆区域以不同方式布置。在机动车辆后门的示例的情况下，一般不会涂覆第二塑料部件，即内壳2。所述内壳2的视图示出其内表面，在部件连接之后，内表面不再可见。
图1示出框架4，例如作为加强框架围绕切口11。这种类型的加强框架可构造成封闭的框架或者U型形式的敞开的框架。所述加强框架或者独立的加强元件插入在内壳2中制备的凹槽中。在连接过程之后，所述加强元件通过夹紧作用保持在两个部件之间。如果塑料部件同样用作加强元件，它们作为管状结构插入内壳2中，则在连接片状部件的同时可以焊接这些塑料部件。
当然，可以设想相反顺序的构造，在连接部件元件之前，加强元件布置在外壳体中。
图2示意性地示出了具有工具顶部零件5和工具底部零件6的机器。加热设备7布置在它们之间，在该示图中，加热设备布置成与工具零件相距一横向距离。外壳1放置在工具顶部零件5中。这是通过真空抽吸实现的，其中，涂层3在工具顶部零件5的方向上进行接触。内壳2放置在工具底部零件6中。当这两个部件都已布置在机床中时，两个工具零件朝向彼此移动。总体上，工具底部零件以静态的方式布置，而工具顶部零件会在朝向工具底部零件的竖直方向上移动。在第一步骤中，工具零件移动到一起以最优化塑料部件相对于彼此的对齐，并在实际焊接工艺之前校准所述对齐。
一旦校准完成，工具顶部零件5更再次向上移走，而加热设备7被水平地推入工具零件之间。加热设备7具有两个辐射平面，即上部辐射平面7a和下部辐射平面7b。在这个说明性实施例中，两个辐射平面7a、7b彼此热分离，并且可以被单独地控制。
所述加热设备由工具零件围绕，使得热源不会与塑料部件直接接触，而只发生到塑料部件的能量输入。
在此，与进入内壳2的相比，会有更少的热辐射能进入外壳1。这考虑到了焊接操作必须不能损害涂层的问题。
在一预定时间之后，将所述加热设备从工具零件之间移除，然后立即闭合工具零件。因为外壳和内壳已因引入的能量而在预定点熔化，所以熔化的连接点彼此连接，并在低压下冷却。在该过程中，所述压力必须不能太高，以避免损失材料以及避免在表面处、尤其在涂覆表面处产生应力。
图3示意性示出辐射平面7a的平面图。在该示例中，加热设备7具有加热区域9，加热区域表示为周界框架。外壳1的部件外部尺寸由虚线轮廓8表示。可看出的是，加热区域位于该部件的边缘之内。在该示例中，加热区域9表示为具有均匀厚度的条带。在替代实施例中，还可以使用不同的不连续区域，从而简化对各个区域的单独控制。通过减小加热区域的横截面来影响热分布。
图4示出了加热设备7和内壳2的一部分。加热设备包含加热区域9，加热区域的影响在输入宽度b的范围内扩展。上图示出辐射与宽度b的函数。这是高斯分布，其极值允许热输入从最大值向未受影响区域的平缓过渡。具有更低辐射输出的实线10示出了到外壳1中的能量输入，由于涂层，不能使所述外壳1剧烈地熔化。虚线10'示出到内壳2中的热输入。在此，最佳半宽值是b/2。
下图示出了能量输入与内壳和外壳的厚度的关系。在此，实线11示出了在涂覆外壳中的能量输入，而虚线示出用于内壳的能量输入，其扩展到更大的穿透深度。基于附图，清楚的是，还可在外壳体的内表面区域中执行焊接，外壳在外侧进行涂覆。这还可以表述成，连接点和/或连接表面至少部分地位于涂覆表面之后。
用于两个部件的最佳熔化条件通过设定不同的参数而确定，所述参数是诸如能量输出、穿透深度、输入宽度和时间。在此，由于到部件内有不同的能量输入，所以熔化是不对称的。
在这种情况下，加热区域的布置遵守焊接节点的功能要求。
在后门的情况下，两个壳体沿周界彼此焊接。在这种情况下，选择与边缘的间距a。在此，边缘间距a必须是几毫米，以确保在边缘处没有直接的热输入，并且确保所述部件不变形。
如果在部件壳体中还有由不同材料构成的其它插入件，比如加强元件，则必须修改用于引入热量的参数。
在此，包括塑料元件的加强件是特殊情况。如果在焊接两个壳体期间同样焊接这些塑料元件，则在输入到材料的能量中必须有点增加。
附图标记列表
1 外壳
2 内壳
3 涂层
4 框架
5 工具顶部零件
6 工具底部零件
7 加热设备
7a 上部辐射平面
7b 下部辐射平面
8 轮廓部件
9 加热区域
10、10’ 水平热量分布
11、11’ 垂直热量分布
12 铰链
a 边缘间距
b 输入宽度
z 厚度

Claims (10)

1.一种用于连接两个热塑性部件的方法，其中所述热塑性部件的相对表面通过引入的能量至少部分地熔化，其特征在于，两个热塑性部件中的至少一个至少部分地具有扩展区域涂层，其中，连接点和/或连接表面至少部分地位于涂覆表面之后，并且在连接过程之后不会通过涂层显露，
所述热塑性部件是机动车辆后门的内壳和外壳；
其中，加热具有位于连接点之后的涂层的热塑性部件的加热区域产生相对于未涂覆区域减小的能量输入，所述加热区域(9)布置成以边缘间距(a)与要连接的部件的边缘间隔开，具有涂层的部件中的热输入在输入宽度(b)的范围内发生，并且，对于具有涂层的部件，热输入的穿透深度仅达到部件厚度(z)的一半或三分之二，
所述方法进一步包括：通过设定不同的参数而确定用于两个热塑性部件的最佳熔化条件，所述参数包括能量输出、穿透深度、输入宽度和时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将由聚丙烯或聚丙烯衍生物构成的两个热塑性部件放置在工具顶部零件和工具底部零件中，然后加热设备在工具零件之间移动，并且在引入足够的能量之后，所述加热设备移出，使得所述工具零件闭合且所述热塑性部件连接在一起。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一步骤中，将所述工具零件移动到一起，并进行校准。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热设备(7)具有至少一个框架型加热区域(9)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热设备(7)在与所述热塑性部件相对的两个平面上具有加热区域。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热设备(7)单独地启动辐射平面(7a、7b)的两个加热区域。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，在加热过程中，单独地控制位于辐射平面(7a、7b)上的加热区域。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热区域以闭合框架结构布置。
9.一种根据权利要求1-8中的任一项所述方法的塑料部件，其特征在于，连接点和/或连接表面保留热塑性部件的刚性。
10.根据权利要求9所述的塑料部件，其特征在于，加强部件插入所述热塑性部件的至少一个中。
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US9821539B2 (en) 2017-11-21
US20150118453A1 (en) 2015-04-30
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KR101818293B1 (ko) 2018-01-12
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