CN113579024B - Laser-induced ammonia axial channel heat pipe bending forming method - Google Patents
Laser-induced ammonia axial channel heat pipe bending forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113579024B CN113579024B CN202110736041.7A CN202110736041A CN113579024B CN 113579024 B CN113579024 B CN 113579024B CN 202110736041 A CN202110736041 A CN 202110736041A CN 113579024 B CN113579024 B CN 113579024B
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011165 3D composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012998 induction bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
- B21D7/162—Heating equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for bending and forming an ammonia axial channel heat pipe based on laser induction, which comprises the steps of blanking raw materials of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe in a laser cutting mode, and milling product openings, hole sites and bent section fins according to a process drawing to obtain an ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece; coating an ablative heat-resistant material on the surface of the test piece; performing simulation on the laser-induced bending forming parameters of the test piece, determining bending forming angles, temperature distribution cloud patterns and stress strain cloud patterns of the test piece under the laser-induced bending forming parameters, and determining the laser-induced bending forming parameters of which the surface quality and the forming angles meet the requirements through simulation; and testing the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece according to the determined laser-induced bending forming parameters, judging whether the bending forming of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe after the test meets the requirements, and if not, optimizing the laser-induced bending forming parameters, and testing the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece again until the requirements are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for bending and forming an ammonia axial channel heat pipe.
Background
At present, the ammonia axial channel heat pipe is mainly formed by manual bending, and the defects of section distortion, wall thickness reduction, bending resilience and the like exist after the forming, so that the qualification rate and quality of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe product are always influenced, and the product production is difficult to automate, batch and standardize. The laser-induced bending forming does not depend on a die and manpower, so that the problems of rebound and outer side wall thickness reduction of forming are solved, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved. In practical engineering application, laser-induced bending forming can integrate laser cutting, laser heat treatment and laser detection, can realize integrated forming of products, improves forming precision of the products, and can improve product qualification rate and quality stability.
At present, the laser induction forming is mainly applied to metal pipes and plates for ships, aviation and aerospace. The laser-induced bending forming of tubing is less studied than that of board. The laser-induced bending of pipes has been studied by foreign technicians, but there is no in-depth study, especially for ammonia axial channel heat pipes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a method for bending and forming an ammonia axial channel heat pipe based on laser induction.
The solution of the invention is as follows: a method for bending and forming an ammonia axial channel heat pipe based on laser induction comprises the following steps:
blanking the raw material of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe by adopting a laser cutting mode, and milling product openings, hole sites and bent section fins according to a process drawing to obtain an ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece; the surface of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece is coated with an ablative heat-proof material;
performing simulation on the laser-induced bending forming parameters of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece, determining bending forming angles, temperature distribution cloud pictures and stress strain cloud pictures of the test piece under the laser-induced bending forming parameters, and determining the laser-induced bending forming parameters of which the surface quality and the forming angles meet the requirements through simulation; simplifying the number of channels on the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece in the simulation process, and simulating the fixed form of the end part of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece in the bending forming process by adopting a restrained displacement mode;
and testing the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece according to the determined laser-induced bending forming parameters, judging whether the bending forming of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe after the test meets the requirements, and if not, optimizing the laser-induced bending forming parameters, and testing the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece again until the requirements are met.
Further, the thickness of the ablation heat-resistant material is 0.3-0.5mm.
Further, milling product openings and milling bent section fins to leave 2-3mm of allowance.
Further, the laser-induced bending forming parameters include laser scanning power, scanning strategy, scanning times, speed, laser scanning interval and laser scanning distance; the scanning strategy is that the laser beam scans along the diameter direction of the heat pipe, the center diameter of the heat pipe is taken as a zero point, and the scanning is carried out from-10 to +30 and back to-10.
Further, the laser induced bend forming parameters are optimized by:
and re-selecting the laser-induced bending forming parameters for testing, analyzing important influencing factors according to test results, simultaneously adopting a response surface method to perform process optimization on the selected important influencing parameters, and performing the test according to the optimized parameters and the results until the requirements are met.
Further, the laser-induced bending forming parameters for the heat pipe with the width and the height of 30×10I-shaped channel and omega-shaped channel of the pipe section are as follows:
the bending angle is 30-90 degrees, the bending radius R is 70-R100 mm, the laser scanning power is 850-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 30-50 mm/s, the laser scanning times at the same position are 3-10 times, the laser scanning interval is 1.5-3mm, and the laser scanning distance is 10-25mm.
Further, the laser-induced bending forming parameters for the heat pipe with fins and rectangular channels with the width and diameter of the pipe section of 10×5 circles are as follows:
the bending angle is 30-90 degrees, the bending radius R is 10-R70 mm, the laser scanning power is 600-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 10-50 mm/s, the laser scanning times at the same position are 3-10 times, the laser scanning interval is 1.5-6mm, and the laser scanning distance is 10-60mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The traditional manual bending forming method has the defects of wall thickness reduction, wrinkling, section deformation and rebound, the laser-induced bending forming is a mode of die-free forming, the part generates temperature gradient under laser radiation, so that the thermal stress of the inner side and the outer side of the material is inconsistent, different deformation amounts are generated on the two sides, the target bending angle and shape can be realized by adjusting the laser parameters, the laser scanning strategy and other ways, and the defects of the traditional manual bending forming method are overcome.
(2) The traditional ammonia axial heat pipe forming relies on manual bending, the products in the same batch have different forming sizes and different product qualities, and meanwhile, the traditional manual bending forming products have long period and cannot be delivered on time. The laser-induced bending forming changes the current situation of manual bending forming, and adopts automatic forming to improve the stability and qualification rate of the product, shorten the production period of the product and improve the economic benefit of the product on the premise of ensuring the precision and performance of the product.
(3) The traditional manual bending forming needs to be subjected to working procedures such as blanking, numerical control milling, laser lithography, sheet metal forming, surface cleaning, welding and the like in the processing process, the working procedures are relatively complicated, and the laser induction forming equipment can realize functions such as laser processing, laser cleaning, laser welding and the like, so that the product is integrally formed as much as possible in the processing process, and the product quality is better ensured.
(4) The method for bending and forming by laser induction is applied to the bending and forming of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe for the first time, realizes the bending and forming of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe on the basis of ensuring the surface quality not to generate ablation, scratch and the like, and lays a foundation for the application of the post-laser induction bending and forming method to the processing of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe for various types of satellites and space stations by finding out the influence of technological parameters (such as laser output power, laser scanning times, scanning times of the same position and the like) on the bending angle.
(5) The laser bending forming solves the defects of manual bending forming wall thickness reduction, bending section deformation, wrinkling, bending angle rebound and the like, simultaneously realizes the cutting of the heat pipe product by adjusting parameters such as laser energy, focusing mode and the like, realizes the detection of the bending angle by a laser detection channel arranged on equipment, simplifies the production process flow of the channel heat pipe product, and further realizes the integrated forming of the product.
(6) The laser-induced bending die-free forming technology is applied to the bending forming process of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe for the first time, the traditional bending forming wrinkling and the section deformation defect of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe are reduced, meanwhile, the manufacturing cost of a forming die is saved, the laser-induced bending forming belongs to a flexible forming mode, and the individual requirements of users can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a laser-induced forming apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a 30X 10 ammonia axial channel heat pipe;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a 10X 5 ammonia axial channel heat pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
A technological scheme of forming ammonia axial channel heat pipe with laser induced forming technology is presented. The method mainly researches the technological parameters of laser-induced bending forming of different bending radiuses and bending angles under the plane bending of ammonia axial channel heat pipes of different specifications on various models at present, and further expands the technological parameters of laser-induced bending forming of different angles under three-dimensional bending.
The laser induced forming process device for the ammonia axial channel heat pipe mainly comprises a laser device, a fixing device, a workbench and the like. Before the test, the heat pipe is mechanically removed with fins (fins are arranged on the left side and the right side of the cross section of the heat pipe with the axial channels of 30 multiplied by 10 and 10 multiplied by 5, as shown in figures 3 and 4), one end of the heat pipe is fixed on a fixing device in the test process, the fixing device is arranged on a workbench, the other end of the heat pipe is suspended, and a layer of uniform graphite is coated on the surface of the heat pipe before the test in order to reduce the reflectivity of the aluminum alloy surface to laser. The test aims at obtaining the bending radius and the bending angle under plane bending, and the laser beam scans reciprocally along the arrow direction (the direction vertical to the axis of the product) in the test process. As shown in particular in figure 1 below.
The example mainly discusses the influence of 30×10 (with the cross section shown in fig. 3) heat pipes and 10×5 (with the cross section shown in fig. 4) heat pipes on bending forming angles and bending radii under the laser process parameters (laser output power, laser scanning speed and laser scanning times at the same position), codes are written by using the Fortran language before the test, a Dflux subroutine is inserted into Abaqus, and an ABAQUS finite element software is used for simulating the laser-induced bending forming process of the ammonia axial channel heat pipes. And carrying out related tests according to finite element simulation results, and finally researching laser-induced bending forming parameters of different angles under plane bending of the 30 multiplied by 10 heat pipe and the 10 multiplied by 5 heat pipe through a large number of process tests and physical and chemical property detection tests. After the test is carried out, according to the difference between the test result and the target, selecting a corresponding analysis method to analyze important technological parameters, and adopting a response surface method to optimize the technological parameters, so that the test result reaches the target value, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
6.1 preparation for test
The laser is a continuous laser with a laser wavelength of 1064nm and a maximum output power of 3000w, light spots are rectangular light spots with uniformly distributed energy, the light spot size of a focusing position is 12mm multiplied by 1.5mm, and a laser processing head is mounted on a gantry machine tool and can realize X, Y, Z-direction feeding movement.
6.2 development flow
The specific flow chart 2 of the method for bending and forming the ammonia axial channel heat pipe based on laser induction is as follows:
(1) Working procedure material, metal plate and detection: the three steps are raw material preparation stages, firstly, raw materials with required specifications are selected according to design requirements, then laser cutting and blanking are carried out according to process drawings, finally sheet metal shape correction is carried out, the shape correction requirements are 0.2/300 of flatness, 0.2/500 of straightness (local gouges or scratches on the surfaces of the parts can be corrected during shape correction), the laser cutting mode is selected to replace the original manual blanking at the same equipment and the same station, the laser processing integration is further realized, the production period of products is shortened, and the economic benefit of the products is improved.
(2) Numerical control milling and sequence checking: after raw material preparation work is carried out, operators need to mill and process product openings, hole sites and bent section fins according to process drawings, because instantaneous rebound and later rebound are easy to occur in product bending and forming, a test piece is required to be processed in the past to obtain accurate bent section length, and the bent section length can be accurately processed at one time by adopting a laser-induced bending and forming method, so that the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
In this step, it is checked whether the product dimensions (including the machining allowance) before bending meet the drawing and process specifications.
(3) Simulation: after numerical control milling is performed, the ABAQUS finite element simulation software is required to perform simulation on the selected ammonia axial channel heat pipe laser induced bending forming parameters before laser induced bending, so as to obtain a bending forming angle, a temperature distribution cloud image and a stress strain cloud image of the part, judge whether the surface quality and the forming angle of the part under the selected parameters meet the requirements, and save the time for obtaining the related laser process parameters under the bending radius and the angle required by the structural design by using an experimental means.
Finite element simulation step:
(1) According to the laser-induced bending forming test experience of the reading literature and related material products in factories, determining the technological parameters (including laser power, laser scanning times, laser scanning strategies and the like) of the finite element simulation of the laser-induced bending forming of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe, wherein the technological parameters of the laser-induced bending forming of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe are shown in the following table:
(2) And selecting a corresponding material structure, simplifying a model, a boundary, a load and the like in the test process, and establishing a finite element model shown in the following diagram.
(3) Writing a laser motion trail code by using Fortran language, and inserting a Dfluox subprogram and a written code into Abaqus software, wherein the Dfluox subprogram and the written code are shown in the following figures:
(4) And according to the finite element simulation result, analyzing a temperature distribution cloud image and a stress strain cloud image of a laser action area, and simultaneously obtaining a final bending angle and a final bending radius.
(5) Laser induced bending forming: based on the simulation result, selecting proper laser induced bending forming parameters for test, wherein the test selects a channel-shaped pipe with a material structure shown in fig. 3 and 4, which is obviously different from the existing pipe structure used at home and abroad and adopts the laser induced forming technology for the first time. Before the test, the required fixing tool is manufactured, because the ammonia axial channel heat pipe selected by the actual product is an aluminum alloy heat pipe, the reflectivity is high, and after a numerical control program is programmed and the device is used for modulating the position of a workpiece, a layer of graphite is coated on the upper surface of the workpiece, so that the reflectivity is reduced. After the test preparation is completed, carrying out laser-induced bending forming tests on the part by combining the simulation test results with different laser scanning powers, different scanning strategies, different scanning times, different scanning speeds and different scanning paths according to the specific bending radius and the specific bending angle, if the test results show that the product does not meet the requirements, selecting a corresponding analysis method to obtain important technological parameters according to the difference between the test results and the target values, optimizing the technological parameters by adopting a response curve method, and carrying out the test according to the optimization results to finally obtain the bending radius and the bending angle required by the design.
(6) And (3) detecting: after the laser-induced bending forming test is carried out, the bending forming angle is detected by using laser-induced detection equipment or multi-vision measuring equipment matched with forming, and the surface quality of the part is detected after the forming angle of the part is detected.
The laser-induced bending forming parameters of different angles under the plane bending of the 30X 10 heat pipe and the 10X 5 heat pipe determined by the steps are as follows:
(1) Laser induced bending forming under 30×10 heat pipe plane bending:
the bending angle is 30-90 degrees, the bending radius is 70-100 mm, the laser scanning power is 850-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 30-50 mm/s, for example, 30-40 mm/s, or 50mm/s, the laser scanning times at the same position are 3, 7 or 10 times, the laser scanning interval is 1.5-3mm, and the laser scanning distance is 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm.
(2) Laser induced bending forming process parameters under 10×5 heat pipe plane bending:
the bending angle is 30-90 degrees, the bending radius is 10-70 mm, the laser scanning power is 600-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 10-50 mm/s, for example, 10-20 mm/s, 30-40 mm/s or 50mm/s are selected, the laser scanning times at the same position are 3-7 or 10 times, the laser scanning interval is 1.5-6mm, and the laser scanning distance is 10-60mm.
The laser-induced bending forming method developed at present can meet the planar bending forming of rectangular ammonia axial channel heat pipes and circular ammonia axial channel heat pipes, overcomes the defects of traditional manual bending forming, improves the product quality and qualification rate, can perform laser cutting, bending, heat treatment and angle detection integrated forming of the ammonia-collecting axial channel heat pipes subsequently, realizes batch and standardized production of the ammonia axial channel heat pipes, provides a new thought for product processing of a plurality of three-dimensional composite bending angles, further improves the product qualification rate and the quality stability, and has great guiding significance for the subsequent processing process of the ammonia axial channel heat pipes for thermal control systems of satellites, space stations and the like.
The invention is applied to the processing of the process test piece of the 30X 10 rectangular ammonia axial channel heat pipe and the 10X 5 circular ammonia axial channel heat pipe product by adjusting the parameters such as laser radiation energy, laser scanning speed, repeated scanning times and the like, and the related setting of test parameters under different bending angles is mastered. The invention can provide guarantee for the production and processing of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe for various satellites, space stations and other thermal control systems.
The invention is not described in detail in part as being common general knowledge to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The method for bending and forming the ammonia axial channel heat pipe based on laser induction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
blanking the raw material of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe by adopting a laser cutting mode, and milling product openings, hole sites and bent section fins according to a process drawing to obtain an ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece; the surface of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece is coated with an ablative heat-proof material;
performing simulation on the laser-induced bending forming parameters of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece, determining bending forming angles, temperature distribution cloud pictures and stress strain cloud pictures of the test piece under the laser-induced bending forming parameters, and determining the laser-induced bending forming parameters of which the surface quality and the forming angles meet the requirements through simulation; simplifying the number of channels on the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece in the simulation process, and simulating the fixed form of the end part of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece in the bending forming process by adopting a restrained displacement mode;
testing the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece according to the determined laser-induced bending forming parameters, judging whether the bending forming of the ammonia axial channel heat pipe after the test meets the requirements, if not, optimizing the laser-induced bending forming parameters, and testing the ammonia axial channel heat pipe test piece again until the requirements are met;
the laser-induced bending forming parameters for the heat pipe with the width and the height of 30X 10I-shaped and omega-shaped channel of the pipe section are as follows:
the bending angle is 30-90 degrees, the bending radius R is 70-R100 mm, the laser scanning power is 850-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 30-50 mm/s, the laser scanning times at the same position are 3-10 times, the laser scanning interval is 1.5-3mm, and the laser scanning distance is 10-25mm;
the laser-induced bending forming parameters for the heat pipe with the circular fins and the rectangular channels with the width and the diameter of the cross section of the pipe being 10 multiplied by 5 are as follows:
the bending angle is 30-90 degrees, the bending radius R is 10-R70 mm, the laser scanning power is 600-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 10-50 mm/s, the laser scanning times at the same position are 3-10 times, the laser scanning interval is 1.5-6mm, and the laser scanning distance is 10-60mm.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the ablation heat-proof material is 0.3-0.5mm.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: milling product openings and bending section fins to leave 2-3mm of allowance.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser-induced bending forming parameters comprise laser scanning power, scanning strategy, scanning times, speed, laser scanning interval and laser scanning distance; the scanning strategy is that the laser beam scans along the diameter direction of the heat pipe, the center diameter of the heat pipe is taken as a zero point, and the scanning is carried out from-10 to +30 and back to-10.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser induced bend forming parameters are optimized by:
and re-selecting the laser-induced bending forming parameters for testing, analyzing important influencing factors according to test results, simultaneously adopting a response surface method to perform process optimization on the selected important influencing parameters, and performing the test according to the optimized parameters and the results until the requirements are met.
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| CN101332536A (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2008-12-31 | 山东大学 | Laser bending shaping method and device of light-wall conduit |
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