CN112210773A - Laser cladding repair method for machine tool guide rail - Google Patents
Laser cladding repair method for machine tool guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN112210773A CN112210773A CN202010738286.9A CN202010738286A CN112210773A CN 112210773 A CN112210773 A CN 112210773A CN 202010738286 A CN202010738286 A CN 202010738286A CN 112210773 A CN112210773 A CN 112210773A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser cladding repairing method of a machine tool guide rail, belonging to the field of machine tool remanufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: 1, cleaning the surface of the damaged guide rail; 2: analyzing the failure mode and detecting the defects of the damaged guide rail surface; 3: pretreating the defect surface of the damaged guide rail until a new material is exposed; 4: and optimizing process parameters based on the step 1/2/3, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the damaged guide rail. 5: and carrying out post-treatment on the repaired guide rail, carrying out heat treatment to remove the internal thermal stress of the repaired guide rail, and carrying out secondary processing on the repaired guide rail according to the technical index requirements. 6: and (4) quality detection, namely verifying whether the whole repairing process of the damaged guide rail meets the requirement of service performance based on a nondestructive testing technology. The remanufacturing repair quality of the damaged guide rail of the machine tool is improved, the repair efficiency is high, the bonding strength of the repair surface is good, and the preparation of the guide rail surface coating with more excellent performance can be realized; the process is simple, the automation degree is high, and the remanufacturing cost of the damaged guide rail is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machine tool remanufacturing, in particular to a laser cladding repairing method for a machine tool guide rail.
Background
The machine tool guide rail is a key part of a machine tool, the processing workload born by the machine tool guide rail occupies 40% of the whole machine tool workload, and how to remanufacture the failed guide rail is always a difficult problem in the machine tool remanufacturing industry. Therefore, the machine tool guide rail remanufacturing technology is researched and practiced, the precision and the quality of the machine tool can be improved, the service life of the machine tool is prolonged, and the machine tool remanufacturing technology has important significance for the development of the machine tool remanufacturing industry in China.
The remanufacturing technology adopted for repairing the guide rail at present mainly comprises the following steps: the electric brush plating technology, the thermal spraying technology and the surface bonding and coating technology have the advantages of simple repair process and wide application range, but have the defects of low automation degree, manual operation and the like. The thermal spraying technology has high repairing precision, small repairing temperature difference and difficult thermal deformation, but has the defects of easy generation of holes, cracks and the like. The surface bonding and adhering technology has the advantages of high repairing precision, high bonding strength and high repairing efficiency, but has the problems of easy aging of a bonding coating, poor high temperature resistance and the like. Therefore, the laser cladding repairing method for the machine tool guide rail, which is designed and invented by the patent, has the advantages of simple process, higher automation degree, low cost, high repairing efficiency and good repairing surface bonding strength.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a machine tool guide rail remanufacturing and repairing method which has the advantages of higher bonding strength, good fusion property and the like.
A laser cladding repairing method for a machine tool guide rail comprises the following steps:
and S1, cleaning the damaged surface of the guide rail by adopting alcohol, acetone and the like, and removing dust and oil stains on the surface of the guide rail.
And S2, judging the failure mode of the guide rail, and detecting excessive deformation, surface damage and volume damage of the damaged guide rail.
And S3, preprocessing the failed guide rail by adopting a vertical milling machine, and removing the surface defects of the guide rail.
S4, based on the steps S1/S2/S3, process parameters are optimized, laser cladding is carried out on the surface of the damaged guide rail, and a cladding coating with more excellent performance is formed on the surface of the guide rail repair.
S5, removing the internal thermal stress of the repaired guide rail through cold buffer treatment, and accurately machining the repaired guide rail according to the precision requirement;
and S6, carrying out comprehensive quality performance detection on the repaired guide rail by using a nondestructive detection method. Preferably, the preprocessing mode is to mill the upper and lower raceway surfaces of the guide rail by using an arc milling cutter, and mill the 45-degree inclined surface of the guide rail by using a plane milling cutter until new materials are exposed on the surface of the guide rail. In addition, the cladding material of the cladding coating is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the cladding coating are less than or equal to 0.1 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, 0.17-0.19 percent of Cr, 0.08-0.11 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe. Preferably, the cladding material of the cladding coating is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the cladding material comprise 0-0.07% of C, 0-0.02% of Mn, 0-0.10% of Si, 0-0.035% of P, 0-0.03% of S and 0.17-0.19% of Cr; 0.08 to 0.11 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe. Preferably, the laser cladding equipment comprises a YLR-1000 fiber laser, an RC52 laser cladding head, an MCWL-50DTR water cooling machine, a VMC1100P vertical machining center, an RC-PGF-D-2 powder feeder, a PLC and laser operation integrated cabinet and RC-CAM rapid forming software. Argon is used as protective gas in the laser cladding process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the laser cladding method adopted by the invention is convenient to operate, has higher automation degree and can realize large-scale processing; the temperature difference change in the cladding process is small, the base body does not generate the thermal deformation phenomenon, the cladding layer and the surface of the base body are metallurgically bonded, and the bonding strength is higher; the cladding layer has compact and uniform tissue, low possibility of generating crack and air holes and good repair quality; the economical efficiency is higher, the cladding material consumption is less, and the cladding material can be recycled, so that the green manufacturing with less processing pollution can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the pretreatment and post-treatment of the guide rail.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the rail laser cladding.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the linear guide after cladding and after machining.
Fig. 5 is a microstructure view of a linear guide.
FIG. 6 is a microhardness analysis chart of a linear guide.
Fig. 7 is a diagram for analyzing the frictional wear performance of the linear guide rail.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the tensile strength analysis of the linear guide.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the analysis of the compressive strength of the linear guide.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.
The sequence numbers in the figures illustrate: 1-laser, 2-transmission optical fiber, 3-water cooling machine, 4-processing head, 5-machine tool body, 6-powder feeder, 7-complete machine motion control system, 8-rapid forming software, 9-milling cutter, 10-guide rail, 11-guide rail repairing surface, 12-clamp, 13-laser head, 14-laser beam and powder. The invention provides a method for repairing a machine tool guide rail, as shown in figure 1, the equipment of the invention comprises: the laser device 1, the transmission optical fiber 2, the water cooling machine 3, the processing head 4, the machine tool main body 5, the powder feeder 6, the whole machine motion control system 7, the rapid prototyping software 8 and the milling cutter 9 are connected in a mode and at positions shown in figure 1. The used laser cladding equipment comprises a YLR-1000 fiber laser, an RC52 laser cladding head, an MCWL-50DTR water cooling machine, a VMC1100P vertical machining center, an RC-PGF-D-2 powder feeder, a PLC and laser operation integrated cabinet and RC-CAM rapid forming software. As shown in fig. 2 to 3, it includes a milling cutter 9, a jig 12, and a laser head 13.
As shown in fig. 2, the pretreatment referred to herein is to remove macro pits on the surface of the guide rail by using a milling cutter before repairing, position and clamp the guide rail 10 by using a clamp 12, mill the guide rail repairing surface 3 along the long axis direction of the guide rail 10 by using a milling cutter 9 until new materials are exposed on the guide rail repairing surface 11, and record the back cut amount.
As shown in fig. 3, the laser cladding method referred to herein is to position and clamp the guide rail 10 by the fixture 12, adjust the distance between the laser head 13 and the guide rail repair surface 11 to the optimal position, scan and repair the laser beam and the powder 14 along the long axis direction of the guide rail 10, adjust the laser head 13 to the original point after scanning one pass, and sequentially perform the next scanning according to the optimal lap joint ratio until the repair is completed.
The invention provides a machine tool guide rail repairing method which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: because the laser cladding repair of the machine tool guide rail is carried out under the protection of argon and a good repair coating process is obtained by means of metallurgical combination of a cladding material and a guide rail matrix, the surface of the guide rail is required to be clean, the surface of the guide rail is cleaned by using alcohol and acetone respectively, oil stains, dust and impurities on the surface are removed, the surface of the guide rail is dried by using a blower after the cleaning is finished, and the drying of a repair surface is ensured.
S2, defect detection: and coloring the cleaned guide rail, adhering the mark points, and then scanning for multiple times by using a GOM optical scanner, wherein at least 3 mark points exist on a scanning surface during each scanning, and splicing the point cloud data obtained by multiple scanning to obtain the surface damage information of the failed guide rail.
S3, preprocessing: the guide rail repaired by the method is mainly in the form of surface fatigue wear and corrosion, and more pits exist on the working surface of the guide rail. The method comprises the steps of adopting a vertical milling machine to preprocess the failed guide rail, and respectively milling the upper and lower raceway surfaces and the 45-degree inclined surface of the guide rail through an arc milling cutter and a plane milling cutter to remove the pit defects of each working surface of the guide rail, which is shown in the condition of fig. 2.
S4, laser cladding: based on the steps S1/S2/S3, technological parameters are optimized, laser cladding is carried out on the surface of the damaged guide rail, the whole repairing process is carried out under the protection of argon, laser cladding scanning is carried out along the long axis direction of the guide rail, the laser head irradiates high-energy laser beams on the surface of the guide rail, and meanwhile, the cladding material is heated, melted and rapidly solidified, so that the cladding material and the guide rail are metallurgically combined, and finally, a cladding coating with more excellent performance is formed on the repairing surface of the guide rail, which is shown in the condition shown in figure 3. The cladding material of the cladding coating is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the cladding coating are less than or equal to 0.1% of C, less than or equal to 0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, 0.17-0.19% of Cr, 0.08-0.11% of Ni and the balance of Fe. Preferably, the chemical components of the alloy are 0 to 0.07 percent of C, 0 to 0.02 percent of Mn, 0 to 0.10 percent of Si, 0 to 0.035 percent of P, 0 to 0.03 percent of S and 0.17 to 0.19 percent of Cr; 0.08 to 0.11 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe.
S5, post-processing: after laser cladding is finished, a new high-strength connecting layer is formed on the cladding layer and the surface of the guide rail through cold slow treatment. And after cold buffer treatment, accurately machining the repaired guide rail according to the precision requirement.
S6, quality inspection: and carrying out comprehensive quality performance detection on the guide rail through metallographic analysis, hardness detection, wear resistance and damage resistance test and tensile strength test, and judging whether the repaired guide rail meets the remanufacturing quality requirement. Fig. 4 is a diagram of the linear guide after cladding and after machining. Fig. 5 is a microstructure diagram (metallographic analysis) of a linear guide. Fig. 6 is a microhardness analysis chart (hardness test) of a linear guide. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a friction-wear performance analysis (wear resistance and wear resistance test) of the linear guide rail. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the analysis of the tensile strength of the linear guide (tensile strength test). Fig. 9 is a graph showing the analysis of the compressive strength of the linear guide rail (compressive strength test). Where "Stress" in FIGS. 8 and 9 is intensity and "Stress" is pressure. As can be seen from the graph data in fig. 4-9, the invention improves the remanufacturing repair quality of the damaged guide rail of the machine tool based on the laser cladding technology, has high repair efficiency and good repair surface bonding strength, and can realize the preparation of the guide rail surface coating with more excellent performance; meanwhile, the process is simple, the automation degree is high, and the remanufacturing cost of the machine tool damage guide rail is reduced.
The above preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A laser cladding repairing method of a machine tool guide rail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cleaning the damaged surface of the guide rail by adopting alcohol, acetone and the like, and removing dust and oil stains on the surface of the guide rail;
s2, judging the failure mode of the guide rail, and detecting excessive deformation, surface damage and volume damage of the damaged guide rail;
s3, preprocessing the failure guide rail by adopting a vertical milling machine to remove the surface defects of the guide rail;
s4, based on the steps S1/S2/S3, process parameters are optimized, laser cladding is carried out on the surface of the damaged guide rail, and a cladding coating with more excellent performance is formed on the surface of the guide rail repair;
s5, removing the internal thermal stress of the repaired guide rail through cold buffer treatment, and accurately machining the repaired guide rail according to the precision requirement;
and S6, carrying out comprehensive quality performance detection on the repaired guide rail by using a nondestructive detection method.
2. The method for repairing a guide rail of a machine tool by laser cladding according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment comprises milling the upper and lower raceway surfaces of the guide rail by using an arc milling cutter, and milling the 45 ° inclined surface of the guide rail by using a plane milling cutter until new materials are exposed on the surface of the guide rail.
3. The laser cladding repairing method of the machine tool guide rail as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the cladding material of the cladding coating is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the cladding material are less than or equal to 0.1% of C, less than or equal to 0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, 0.17-0.19% of Cr, 0.08-0.11% of Ni and the balance of Fe.
4. The laser cladding repairing method of the machine tool guide rail as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cladding material of the cladding coating is Fe304 iron-based stainless steel alloy powder, and the chemical components of the cladding material are 0-0.07% of C, 0-0.02% of Mn, 0-0.10% of Si, 0-0.035% of P, 0-0.03% of S and 0.17-0.19% of Cr; 0.08 to 0.11 percent of Ni and the balance of Fe.
5. The laser cladding repairing method of the machine tool guide rail as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser cladding equipment is YLR-1000 fiber laser, RC52 laser cladding head, MCWL-50DTR water cooling machine, VMC1100P vertical machining center, RC-PGF-D-2 powder feeder, PLC and laser operation integrated cabinet, and RC-CAM rapid forming software.
6. The laser cladding repair method of the machine tool guide rail according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser cladding process uses argon gas as a shielding gas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010738286.9A CN112210773A (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Laser cladding repair method for machine tool guide rail |
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| CN202010738286.9A CN112210773A (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Laser cladding repair method for machine tool guide rail |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108588707A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-09-28 | 东北大学 | A kind of bed ways prosthetic device and its restorative procedure |
| CN109468634A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-15 | 沈阳大陆激光技术有限公司 | A kind of laser melting and coating technique restores the process of milling train step pad precision |
-
2020
- 2020-07-28 CN CN202010738286.9A patent/CN112210773A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108588707A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-09-28 | 东北大学 | A kind of bed ways prosthetic device and its restorative procedure |
| CN109468634A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-15 | 沈阳大陆激光技术有限公司 | A kind of laser melting and coating technique restores the process of milling train step pad precision |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张宇祺: "激光增材制造金属零件过程中的热力学分析及热变形研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(全文) 工程科技I辑》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210112 |