CN113577228A - 改善睡眠和改善记忆力的组合物及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
改善睡眠和改善记忆力的组合物及其制备方法、应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种基于药食同源理论的、效果确切、安全性令人信服的改善睡眠改善记忆力的组合物及其制备方法以及应用,本发明的中药组合物并采用科学的动物表型、机理探究及临床试服结果验证了确切的效果。本发明的药物组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成:鹿皮胶20~30份、栀子粉14~18份、干姜粉7~11份、甘草7~11份。与目前市面上常见的中枢神经抑制类药物相比副作用小,无不良反应;与传统的中药复方比起来见效快,适用范围广,基于中医的“清养”理论,本发明特别适用于工作压力或情绪原因引起的失眠,以及因失眠而导致的记忆力减退。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改善睡眠和改善记忆力的组合物及其制备方法、应用,尤其涉 及一种以鹿皮胶、栀子为主成分的改善睡眠和改善记忆力的组合物及其制备方法、 应用。
背景技术
随着现代城市的快节奏生活,以及来源于工作、家庭、生活的压力,促使很多 人出现在深夜难以入睡、多梦易醒、睡眠质量低等一系列问题。根据世界卫生组织 及中国医师协会睡眠医学专业委员会公布的数据显示,全球约27%的人深受睡眠的 困扰,其中成年人中有60%以上存在睡眠问题,而我国睡眠问题者占24.6%,其中 成年人高达57%,另94.1%的居民觉得睡眠与良好水平存在差距。而失眠的主要原 因依次是情绪波动、生活压力、工作压力,其中年龄越小的代际,越容易因情绪、 压力、情感等自我因素而失眠。据2018年中国睡眠研究会发布的《中国睡眠诊疗 现状调查报告》及《2018中国互联网网民睡眠白皮书》数据显示,失眠重度患者 超六成为90后,儿童和青少年也有较大占比,睡眠问题已成全年龄段的健康问题。
短期失眠会引起憔悴、加快衰老;严重的则会产生一系列病态反应,如疲乏头 昏、记忆减退、心慌出汗、情绪改变,终致大脑兴奋与抑制的正常节律紊乱,产生 如神经衰弱等神经功能性疾病。
西医改善睡眠常用镇静催眠类药,如苯二氮卓类、巴比妥类、褪黑素受体激动 剂、抗组胺药等,上述药物虽然起效快但也会带来副作用,几乎所有的上述安眠药, 长期连续使用都可产生耐受性和依赖性。突然停药会产生渴望此药、易激惹、失眠、 躯体震颤、出汗、心跳加快等症状。如果时间较长的使用镇静催眠药,用后常有延 续效应,次晨出现头晕、困倦、精神不振、思睡等。心理试验还表明,患者第二天 的反应速度明显受损,本人还意识不到这种损害的存在;易发生事故。儿童不宜使 用西医的安眠药,对智力有副作用;对于老年病人,则应慎重使用,因为用药之后 可能会出现意识模糊。哺乳期妇女及孕妇更不适宜应用。正因这些原因,使得开发 更安全的改善睡眠药物的需求强烈。
传统的中医理论中,根据失眠的特点将失眠分为心火炽盛型失眠,采用朱砂安 神丸治疗;肝郁化火型失眠,采用龙胆泻肝汤治疗;痰热内扰型失眠,采用温胆汤 治疗;阴虚火旺型失眠,采用六味地黄丸合黄连阿胶汤治疗;心脾两虚型失眠,采 用归脾汤治疗;心胆气虚型失眠,采用安神定志丸合酸枣仁汤治疗。由于市场前景 广阔,基于传统中草药的安神助眠类组合物研究较多,中国国内常见的用于失眠治 疗的药品有很多已经临床使用,例如以下表1常见的产品。
表1临床常用助眠中药及主要成分
另外,现有专利技术中也公开了很多有着助眠作用的中药组合物,例如ZL201210344369.5《一种具有改善睡眠和辅助改善记忆功能的保健组合物》公开 了一种中草药复方辅助改善睡眠和记忆的保健组合物,原料为何首乌、益智仁、酸 枣仁、人参、红景天、五味子,上述中药成分,缓解了患者对长期使用助眠西药而 导致的停药困难、头晕、易反弹等副作用。
然而这些中药产品也存在长期服用效果下降的耐药性问题。更重要的是,上述 常见的中药中,很多药物在一定程度上也含有微毒性成分(如何首乌、朱砂等), 长期服用也存在一定的安全隐患。
由于这个原因,药食同源的助眠中药一直是研究的重点。例如,中国专利CN201710229655.X《一种辅助改善睡眠的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用》,公开 了原料为核桃仁、酸枣仁、丹参、刺五加、夜交藤、黄芪、莲子、大枣、枸杞子、 芝麻、葡萄皮、乌梅、山楂的组合物,其可以辅助延长小鼠戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间和 显著缩短小鼠巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期,但不能直接促使动物睡眠。中国专利 201310685106.5《一种助眠食品、保健品或药物组合物及其制备方法和用途》,公 开了原料为百合、大枣、茯苓、益智仁的助眠组合物,中国专利201410472944.9 《一种助眠的食品、保健品或药物组合物》,公开了原料为栀子、百合、茯苓、益 智仁、牡蛎、莲子的助眠组合物。然而这些组合物的助眠效果不明显,仍然需要开发出效果确切、安全性令人信服的药食同源的改善睡眠的组合物。
记忆是人类中枢神经系统的高级机能,是大脑最基本也是最重要的高级神经功能之一,是衡量人类智能发育的重要指标。记忆是一种心理过程,是人们对经历过、 发生过的事情的印象,经过加工保存在大脑中,并在需要时提取、回忆出来。成人 记忆随年龄增加而发生变化,这是一种生理性变化,是一种记忆的正常老化。记忆 力下降,临床上尤以40~60岁的人群最为多见。其主要的诱发因素有年龄增大、 身体整体素质下降、老年痴呆病早期症状、脑力劳动过度等。除此之外,记忆还与 躯体健康状况有关,如脑部肿瘤、糖尿病、酒精中毒、甲状腺功能低下、神经性梅 毒等疾病都可引起记忆力下降。名老中医专家经过大量研究发现,记忆力减退属于 中医“健忘”、“喜忘”、“多忘”、“好忘”等病范畴,古方中医认为善忘和喜忘,是 由于思虑过度、脑力衰竭,治宜滋养心肾。主为“人之神宅于心,心之精依于肾”, 而脑为元神之府,精髓之海,实记性所之凭也。失眠是造成记忆力减退的非常重要的原因,改善睡眠的药物很有可能对于改善记忆力也有着相当的效果,从中药中开 发具有改善学习记忆功能的产品有良好的前景。用于治疗失眠的有效成分如果也能 起到改善学习记忆功能,将非常有利于提高患者的适应性,市场前景广阔。
发明内容
本发明的目的是想开发一款基于药食同源理论的、效果确切、安全性令人信服 的改善睡眠的组合物,以满足可以适合长期服用,治疗或者改善失眠症状需求。另 一方面,也希望能够开发改善学习记忆功能的组合物。
本发明的发明人经过深入研究,开发出一种以中医的清养理论为原则的安神助眠组合物,可用于保健食品、功能性食品或药品。本发明是采用药食同源的天然原 料进行配伍而成的组合物,具体为:
一种改善睡眠和改善记忆力的组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成,
鹿皮胶20~30份、栀子粉14~18份、干姜粉7~11份、甘草7~11份。
本发明的上述原料组成,与表1中常见中成药成分差别极大,其配方配伍是发明人根据中医的“清养”理论,不断摸索确定的偶方。
中医的“清”是指通过镇静助眠,祛除身体中影响睡眠的有害物质,以栀子作 为君药。
栀子,是茜草科植物栀子Gardenia jasminoides Ellis的成熟果实,果实成 熟时采摘,除去果柄及杂质,晒干或烘干。栀子的果实是传统中药,性味苦,寒,归 心、肺、三焦经。功效为泻火除烦、清热利湿、凉血解毒,属中华人民共和国卫生部 颁布的第l批药食两用资源,具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、止血、消肿等作用。在 中医临床常用于治疗黄疸型肝炎、扭挫伤、高血压、糖尿病等症。本发明人 发现,栀子作为本发明组合物主成分其能起到助眠的作用的原因,可解释为去除肝、 心、肾的热气,缓解烦躁、忧郁状态,从而能帮助浅眠人群改善睡眠中易醒情况, 根据中医理论,其特别适宜于情绪低落压力型失眠患者。
中医的“养”的原则,通过补血益气,滋润调理五脏为主,本发明中主要以鹿 皮胶为君药。
鹿皮胶以梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)或马鹿(Cervus elaphus)的皮为材料经熬 制加工练成,依据《北京市中药炮制规范》,鹿皮胶味咸,性温,归肝,肾经,主治 补气,涩虚精,强筋健骨,可用于身体瘦弱,腰酸耳鸣,头晕目眩,虚弱久咳,痰中 带血,虚喘气短,妇女经血不调,崩漏带下,其可以强筋健骨,对于身体虚弱,亚健 康有很好的滋补效果,而且性偏温,既能补阳又可滋补气血和止血。同时,鹿皮胶富 含多种氨基酸与微量元素,本身也是非常好的天然补品。本发明人发现鹿皮胶与栀 子合为偶方,作为本发明组合物主成分其能起到助眠的作用。
另外,本发明中,除以中医“清养”的理论为原则,以栀子与鹿皮胶为“君药”, 该两味药是本发明的核心药味。
发明人参考“清养”传统经典名方“黄连阿胶汤”、“栀子干姜汤”、“甘草泻心 汤”等几款汤药,以干姜、甘草进行配伍,从而增强疗效、扩大治疗范围、适应不 同类型的失眠患者,也有利于改善因为睡眠不足导致的记忆力减退。该配方中,
干姜:姜科植物姜Zingiber oj-jicinale Rosc.的干燥根茎。冬季采挖,除 去须根和泥沙,晒干或低温干燥。性热,味辛。归脾经、胃经、心经、肾经、肺经。 功效为温中散寒、回阳通脉、燥湿消痰。属温里药。
甘草:为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.、胀果甘草Glycyrrhizainflata Bat.或光果甘草Glycyrrhiza glabra L.的干燥根和根茎。秋季采挖,趁 湿切去茎基、串条、枝杈、须根等,放干燥处风干。性平,味甘。归心经、胃经、 脾经、肺经。其能补脾益气、止咳祛痰、缓急定痛、调和药性。属补虚药下分类的 补气药。
干姜和甘草均能温中暖脾,益气和胃。
上述药物原料均为常见的中药,可以从市场上方便的获得。本发明组合物的原 料均为药食同源原料,药物之间的配伍也不存在“相恶、相反者”,因此与目前市面 上常见的中枢神经抑制类药物相比,几乎无副作用和不良反应;与传统的中药复方比 起来更加的温和、安全、适用范围广。
本发明的组合物的各原料药材的重量配比为鹿皮胶20~30份、栀子粉14~18份、干姜粉7~11份、甘草7~11份,进一步优选鹿皮胶23~30份、栀子粉14~17份、干 姜粉7~10份、甘草7~10份,更进一步优选鹿皮胶26~30份、栀子粉14~16份、干 姜粉8~10份、甘草8~10份。
作为典型的本发明的组合物的各原料配比,可举出鹿皮胶28份、栀子粉15份、 干姜粉9份、甘草9份的配方。
本发明的组合中,还可以添加其他中药助眠成分,例如酸枣仁、莲子、百合等, 但是这些并非必要。
本发明的改善睡眠和改善记忆的中药组合物,可以与现有的用于助眠、神经滋 养类的其他食品添加成分合用,例如可以与效果得到公认的选自γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA)、茶氨酸、酪蛋白酶解物、N-乙酰神经氨酸、维生素B6和磷脂酰丝氨酸中 的成分合用,但是不限于这些物质,还可以是其他的各种助眠物质。
公认的是,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中重要的抑制性神 经传达物质,约30%的中枢神经突出部位以GABA为递质。足够多的GABA可以产生镇 静安神,放松神经的作用。L-色氨酸作为安神药,具有调节精神节律、改善睡眠, 这两种氨基酸被人们称为“甜睡氨基酸”。维生素B6则参与某些神经介质的合成, 是脑部功能正常所必需的物质,也是一种抗紧张的维生素。茶氨酸可阻断大脑兴奋 性神经递质-谷氨酸和其受体的结合,促进GABA分泌,起到舒缓神经、缓解焦虑、 镇静安神的作用,能加快入睡率,提高睡眠质量。N-乙酰神经氨酸促进大脑发育, 在大脑中起到调解神经节苷脂作用,实验证明其能改变大鼠的行为和提高其记忆力, 通过母乳喂养和奶粉喂养婴儿之间的比较,额叶皮层灰质的神经节苷脂蛋白与N-乙 酰神经氨酸结合的浓度分别为32%和22%,这表明N-乙酰神经氨酸能增加突触形成和 促使神经发育。酪蛋白酶解物含酪氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸,其中的特殊的alpha-sl- 酪蛋白起到令人放松的作用,舒缓情绪,有着公认的助眠、消除焦虑的作用。磷脂 酰丝氨酸是细胞膜的活性物质,尤其存在于大脑细胞中,其功能主要是改善神经细 胞功能,调节神经脉冲的传导,增进大脑记忆功能,由于其具有很强的亲脂性,吸 收后能够迅速通过血脑屏障进入大脑,还能增加大脑皮层中的神经传递质乙酰胆碱 的产量,乙酰胆碱与思维、推理和注意力集中有关联,因此可以起到提高大脑机能, 集中注意力,改善记忆力的作用。
本发明中,出于提高效果、以及兼顾安全性的考虑,优选本发明的改善睡眠的 中药组合物配合选自γ-氨基丁酸、茶氨酸、酪蛋白酶解物、N-乙酰神经氨酸、维 生素B6和磷脂酰丝氨酸中的助眠成分中的至少一种,以获取更加优异的治疗、改善 失眠的作用。这里,γ-氨基丁酸、茶氨酸、L-色氨酸、维生素B6均为食品级安全 成分,也有公认的辅助睡眠的作用或者神经滋养作用,没有副作用,因此优选与本 发明的组合物配合使用,从而使得组合物整体满足食品级安全要求,可以长期使用。
本发明中,本发明的上述组合物为主要的成分,优选加入上述其他助眠成分为 辅助成分。
本发明的组合物的原料药材都是可直接食用的食品,可以直接将原料研磨成粉末用于食用,但是优选通过加工得到更方便食用的提取物。本发明组合的提取物的 制备方法没有特别的限制,可使用公知的方法,例如,可以将上述重量配比的原料 通过粉碎直接用于食用,也可以经过水提取/乙醇提取并干燥后使用其提取物。当 然也可以用溶解性更好的有机溶剂如三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等提取,但是 出于有机溶剂残留导致的食品安全问题而并不优选。
作为本发明优选的制备方法,优选将上述重量配比的原料用水煎制之后得到水煎液,再浓缩得到提取物浸膏作为本发明的中药组合物。典型的本发明的中药组合 物的制备方法可以为,取栀子粉14~18份、干姜粉7~11份、甘草7~11份,加 入按重量计为6~8倍量的水在80~100℃水温下蒸煮0.5~3小时,重复蒸煮多次 (例如2~4次),合并蒸煮液,过滤、浓缩、干燥,并将其与鹿皮胶20~30份混 合均匀,得到本发明的中药组合物的浸膏。这里的干燥可以使用任何常规的方法, 从尽量不破坏有效成分的角度考虑,优选使用经历热过程较短或者经受高温少的干 燥方法,例如真空干燥、冷冻干燥,从成本和设备易得的角度考虑,可以使用低温 (例如40~70℃)的加热器(例如烘箱)中干燥1~3天的方法。
在工业上,本发明的组合物的原料优选将上述本发明中药组合物的浸膏制成干燥的颗粒,以备下一步的制剂工序,制粒的条件优选将上述中药组合物浸膏溶于水 后进行喷雾制粒,控制物料温度45~55℃,风机频率20~35HZ,喷雾压力0.2~0.3Mpa, 颗粒控制在40-100目之间,得到本发明中药组合物的颗粒原料。可以直接供压片或 者装入胶囊。
为了得到干燥粉末还可以考虑以下的制备方法:取栀子粉14~18份、干姜粉7~11份、甘草7~11份,粉碎,各自加5~9重量倍的水在80~100℃水温下蒸煮0.5~ 3小时,过滤得到提取液,重复上述蒸煮2~4次,合并提取液,过滤、浓缩得到浸 膏,并将上述得到栀子粉的浸膏、干姜粉的浸膏、甘草的浸膏真空干燥或者喷雾干 燥,将得到栀子粉的浸膏干燥粉末、干姜粉的浸膏干燥粉末和甘草的浸膏干燥粉末, 与鹿皮胶20~30份混合,粉碎、过筛使其混合均匀,得到提取物。
上述的提取制备方法仅仅是示例,常规的提取分离方法获得的本发明的提取物都可以获得效果相似的混合物。上述提取方法中考虑到有机溶剂残留仅仅使用了水,然 而本发明的提取过程也可以使用有机溶剂,例如优选乙醇。
本发明的组合物由于原料完全可食用,非常适合开发成功能性食品,例如可制 备成口含片、糖果、固体饮料、液体饮料形式的功能性食品。本发明的功能性食品, 包含本发明的上述组合物和可食用的辅料。
作为本发明的功能性食品的优选形式,可以举出口含片。将本发明的组合物制 成口含片的方式没有特殊限制,可以使用公知的方法,例如,将本发明的中药组合 物的浸膏干燥后制成粉末或者颗粒,添加可食用的辅料等混合,进行压片的方法。 作为可食用的辅料,可以举出淀粉、蔗糖、甲基纤维素、低聚果糖、食品调味剂、 食盐、甜菊糖苷、山梨糖醇、维生素C等,但不限于这些,只要是符合中华人民共 和国GB2760-2014标准的辅料均可以适当添加。
作为本发明的优选形式的口含片,由于本发明的组合物的原料均为食品,并无刺激性味道,且鹿皮胶为君,本身的口味适中,制成口含片不会有不良的味道,包衣并 不是必要的。但如果为了利于食用、增加口感、防止吸潮等目的,也可以包衣。从食 品角度出发,优选使用海藻酸钠、黄原胶、明胶、阿拉伯胶等完全符合食品标准的辅 料进行包衣。
作为本发明的功能性食品的优选形式,从食品化观感强,接受度高的角度考虑,本发明的组合物,也可以制成食品口服液的形式。作为口服的液体制剂的剂型有溶 液、糖浆或混悬液。这些液体制剂的制备方法中,可以使用符合相关标准的食品添 加剂,例如符合中华人民共和国GB2760-2014标准的食品添加剂。
本发明的组合物由于疗效确切、安全性好,可以制成药物制剂用于失眠症的治疗,或者用于改善记忆力的治疗。作为药物制剂,优选可以举出常用的口服制剂。 将本发明的中药组合物的浸膏,可选的其他助眠成分以及制剂学上允许使用的载体 如赋形剂和辅料混合后,可以制成片剂、丸剂、粉剂、胶囊剂或颗粒剂等,也可以 制成口服液。
所谓的制剂学上允许使用的载体如赋形剂和辅料包括水、葡萄糖、乳糖、阿拉 伯胶、明胶、甘露醇、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、以及任何普通食品用的制备固体、 半固体或液体形态制剂的载体,另外,辅助、稳定、增稠、着色、矫味等助剂也可 使用。
本发明的中药组合物在使用时,制成口服给药的固体剂型时,作为用于口服给 药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,将中 药组合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,或与 下述成分混合:(a)填料或增容剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和 硅酸;(b)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗 糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)保湿剂,例如,甘油;(d)崩解剂,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃 薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐和碳酸钠;(e)缓溶剂,例如,石蜡; (f)吸收加速剂,例如,季胺化合物;(g)润湿剂,例如,鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯; (h)吸附剂,例如,高岭土;以及(i)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、 固体聚乙二醇和十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中,剂型也可 包含缓冲剂。固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制 备,如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种中药组合 物中活性化合物的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包 埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。中药组合物也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多 种形成微胶囊形式。
本发明的中药组合物也可以制成用于口服给药的液体剂型。作为用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了本发明的 中药组合物外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂, 增溶剂和乳化剂,例如,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二 醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和 芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。本发明液体制剂的制备方法中,分散媒通常为为水, 非水溶性的赋形剂如杏仁油、油脂;作为药剂学上允许使用的填加剂包括如山梨醇、 氢化食用油、甲基纤维素;还包括防腐剂如甲基或丙基苯酚;乳化剂如卵磷脂、阿 拉伯橡胶:人工色素或甜味剂。除了这些惰性稀释剂外,中药组合物也可包含助剂, 如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。口服制剂为悬浮液时,可包 含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤 维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶 剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
含有本发明的组合物的片剂或丸剂可以包衣或复合,以提供达到延长药效作用的剂型。例如,该片剂或丸剂可以包括内剂量组分和外剂量组分,后者把前者完全 包覆。这两组分可以用肠溶层分隔,该肠溶层用于阻止在胃中分解和允许该内组分 不受影响地进入十二指肠或延缓释放。多种药材可用作这类肠溶层或包衣,包括多 种聚合酸或聚合酸的混合物,如虫胶、十六烷醇和醋酸纤维素等。
本发明的组合物最优选的服用形式片剂和胶囊剂。
作为给药的剂量,应根据病人的年龄、体重、健康状况及剂型的不同而定。本 发明的原料成分均有着很强的安全性,本领域的技术人员可以根据个体需要,决定 有效用量的最佳范围,一般而言,本发明的推荐成人使用剂量(中药浸膏)是10~ 100mg/kg。
本发明的发明人通过实验动物模型和临床服用实验,验证了本发明的中药组合物的改善睡眠的药效;还通过实验动物模型实验验证了改善记忆力的药效。
其中改善睡眠的实验动物模型采用采用了与人体昼夜节律相似的斑马鱼作为 新的失眠研究模型。近年来斑马鱼已被越来越多地应用于生物医学研究,如建立人 类疾病模型、进行药理毒理实验、筛选药物。目前己有大量研究观察抗焦虑药、镇 静药、抗抑郁药等作用于神经系统的药物及小分子化合物对斑马鱼成鱼的影响,同 时也有研究观察评价斑马鱼睡眠模型。
本发明的药效验证试验中,随机选取180尾受精后5天野生型AB品系斑马鱼 于六孔板中,每孔30尾,水溶给予本发明的中药组合物,阳性对照组奥沙西泮29 μg/mL浓度,同时设置正常对照组(标准稀释水处理斑马鱼)和模型对照组,除 正常对照组外,其余实验组用691μg/mL戊四唑(PTZ)诱导斑马鱼建立失眠模型, 每个实验组随机选择12尾斑马鱼应用行为分析仪分析斑马鱼的觉醒活动量、觉醒 总时间、休息回合数和休息回合长度,以觉醒活动量、觉醒总时间、休息回合数和 休息回合长度评价本发明的中药组合物对PTZ诱导的斑马鱼失眠症的改善睡眠功 效,结果发现觉醒活动量、觉醒总时间都有明显的改善作用,具体可以参照后述实 施例内容。
斑马鱼的基因与人类基因的相似度达到了87%,这意味着在其身上做药物实验所得到的结果在多数情况下也适用,发明人还利用斑马鱼模型,进行了与睡眠相关 的基因表达探究,为此组合物的疗效奠定更坚实的基础。以与改善睡眠相关的 gabra1、mtnr1aa基因为指标,深入探究本发明的中药组合物的可能的改善睡眠的 相关机制。其中gabra1(氨基丁酸A型受体亚基-1),是一种天然存在的非蛋白 质氨基酸,是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中重要的抑制性神经传达物质。经多篇文献报 道,gabra1表达量的升高,将会增加抑制性递质的增加,降低机体兴奋度,促进 睡眠。mtnr1aa(褪黑素受体1A a),主要功能是调节人体的生物节律,维持白天 清醒和夜间睡眠的“睡眠一觉醒周期”,具有镇静催眠的功效。经多篇文献报道, mtnr1aa表达量的升高,与夜醒次数减少,缩短睡眠潜伏期有关。本发明的试验结 果证实本发明的中药组合物能够明显的上调gabra1基因、mtnr1aa基因的表达, 尤其是mtnr1aa基因的表达还显示了与本发明组合物较强的剂量相关性。
本发明在临床试服试验中,对于青年中年失眠患者显示了明显的改善睡眠的效果,具体可以参见后述的实施例。
本发明在动物记忆力改善试验中,选取小鼠作为实验对象,采用跳台实验和水 迷宫实验来评估其记忆力改善情况;实验发现该组合物对动物的长期记忆力改善有 较好的效果,具体可以参见后述的实施例。
本发明的中药组合物与现有技术相比,存在以下明显的优势。
本发明所开发的中药组合物是一种基于药食同源理论的、效果确切、安全性令 人信服的改善睡眠的组合物,本发明的中药组合物采用科学的动物表型、机理探究 及临床试服结果验证了确切的效果,虽然其效果比照苯二氮卓类西药的药效弱,但是 考虑到其让人信服的安全性,其特别适合以满足可以适合长期服用,治疗或者改善 失眠症状需求。本发明的组合物,其原料的理论基础更加充实,与目前市面上常见 的中枢神经抑制类药物相比副作用小,无不良反应;与传统的中药复方比起来见效快、 安全性高。由于基于中医的“清养”理论,本发明特别适用于工作压力引起的失眠。 由于基础原料都为药食同源的食品,因而适用范围广,使用禁忌少。
附图说明
图1是实施例2中的中药组合物粉末N(本发明的组合物)对斑马鱼失眠症觉醒 活动量的影响的统计图表;
图2是实施例2中的中药组合物粉末N(本发明的组合物)对斑马鱼失眠症觉醒 活动量的改善功效的统计图表;
图3是实施例2中的中药组合物粉末N(本发明的组合物)对斑马鱼失眠症觉醒 总时间的影响的统计图表;
图4是实施例2中的中药组合物粉末N(本发明的组合物)对斑马鱼失眠症觉醒 总时间的改善功效的统计图表。
图5是实施例3中的中药组合物粉末N(本发明的组合物)对斑马鱼gabra1基因 相对表达量影响的图。
图6是实施例3中的中药组合物粉末N(本发明的组合物)对斑马鱼mtnr1aa基 因相对表达量表达量影响的图。
具体实施方式
以下集合具体的实施例对本发明进行进一步详细的描述,实施例仅仅是为了说明本发明技术方案的实例,并非为了对本发明的保护范围进行任何限定。
实施例1本发明的组合物的提取物的典型制备方法
取栀子167g(批号:2012021-W,产地:福建,供应商:安徽省亳州市中西药有 限公司)、干姜100g(批号:1910008-W,产地:山东,供应商:安徽省亳州市中西 药有限公司)、甘草100g(批号:2012011-W,产地:内蒙古,供应商:安徽润邦中 药饮片有限公司)、适当粉碎,加6倍量水在100℃水温下蒸煮1小时,过滤得到提 取液,重复上述蒸煮3次,合并提取液,过滤、浓缩得到浸膏,并将上述得到的浸膏 趁热与鹿胶310g混合均匀,将其在70℃的烘箱中干燥2天,得到405g的中药组合物 粉末N。
实施例2斑马鱼改善睡眠功效评价
2.1实验动物:
野生型AB品系斑马鱼(杭州环特生物提供),以自然成对交配繁殖方式进行,共180尾,每实验组为30尾,年龄为受精后5天(5dpf)。斑马鱼均饲养于28℃的养 鱼用水中(水质:每1L反渗透水中加入200mg速溶海盐,电导率为450~550μS/cm; pH为6.5~8.5;硬度为50~100mg/L CaCO3),实验动物使用许可证号为:SYXK(浙) 2012-0171。饲养管理符合国际AAALAC认证的要求。
2.2实验方法:
1)最大检测浓度(MTC)的测定:随机选取180尾5dpf野生型AB品系斑马鱼于六 孔板中,每孔均处理30尾,水溶给予实施例1中制备的中药组合物粉末N 125、250、 500、1000和2000μg/mL浓度,同时设置正常对照组(标准稀释水处理斑马鱼),每 孔容量为3mL。28℃培养箱孵育24h后,观察记录斑马鱼的毒性表型和死亡情况。
2)改善睡眠功效评价:随机选取180尾5dpf野生型AB品系斑马鱼于六孔板中, 每孔均处理30尾,水溶给予中药组合物粉末N 500、1000和2000μg/mL浓度,阳性 对照组奥沙西泮29μg/mL浓度,同时设置正常对照组和模型对照组,每孔容量为3mL。 28℃培养箱孵育24h后,将斑马鱼转移至96孔板中,每孔1尾,200μL/孔,除正 常对照组外,其余实验组用691μg/mL PTZ诱导斑马鱼建立失眠模型,每个实验组随 机选择12尾斑马鱼,应用行为分析仪分析斑马鱼的觉醒活动量(D)、觉醒总时间(T), 以觉醒活动量、觉醒总时间评价中药组合物粉末N对PTZ诱导的斑马鱼失眠症的改善 睡眠功效。中药组合物粉末N对失眠症斑马鱼的觉醒活动量、觉醒总时间、休息回合 数和休息回合长度改善功效的计算公式如下:
用方差分析和Dunnett’s T-检验进行统计学分析,p<0.05表明具有显著性差异,提 供具有代表性的实验图谱。
2.3实验结果:
1)毒理学和最大检测浓度(MTC)的测定:
在实验终点,中药组合物粉末N 125~2000μg/mL浓度组均未见明显异常。故确定中药组合物粉末N对失眠症斑马鱼的MTC为2000μg/mL。详见表1。
表1.中药组合物粉末N“浓度-死亡率”原始数据(n=30)
2)改善睡眠功效评价:
中药组合物粉末N在500、1000和2000μg/mL浓度组条件下对PTZ诱发的斑马 鱼失眠症觉醒活动量、觉醒总时间均有明显改善功效,详见图1~4。
a.觉醒活动量改善情况:中药组合物粉末N 500、1000和2000μg/mL浓度组斑马 鱼觉醒活动量分别为1367、1386和1093mm,觉醒活动量改善功效分别为34%、 33%和48%,与模型对照组(2066mm)比较p<0.05&p<0.05&p<0.001。
b.觉醒总时间改善情况:中药组合物粉末N 500、1000和2000μg/mL浓度组斑马 鱼觉醒总时间分别为37.0、38.0和34.1s,觉醒总时间改善功效分别为37%、35% 和42%,与模型对照组(57.1s)比较p<0.01&p<0.01&p<0.001。
具体的结果的统计图表参照图1~4,其中,与模型对照组比较,*表示p<0.05,**表示p<0.01,***表示p<0.001
实施例3斑马鱼改善睡眠相关机制初探
3.1实验动物:
野生型AB品系斑马鱼(杭州环特生物提供),以自然成对交配繁殖方式进行,共360尾,每实验组为30尾,年龄为5dpf。
3.2实验方法:
随机选取360尾5dpf野生型AB品系斑马鱼于六孔板中,每孔均处理30尾,水溶给予中药组合物粉末N500、1000μg/mL浓度,阳性对照组奥沙西泮29μg/mL浓度,同时 设置正常对照组和模型对照组,每孔容量为3mL。28℃培养箱孵育24h后,除正常对 照组外,其余实验组用691μg/mL PTZ诱导斑马鱼建立失眠模型,设置三个平行实验。 到达实验终点后,使用RNA快速提取试剂盒提取各实验组斑马鱼总RNA,利用紫外-可见 光分光光度计对总RNA浓度和纯度进行测定。取2μg斑马鱼样品总RNA,按照cDNA第一 链合成试剂盒说明操作,合成20μL cDNA置于-20℃保存,通过q-PCR检测β-actin、 gabra1和mtnr1aa基因的RNA相对表达量。用β-actin作为基因表达的内参,计算gabra1 和mtnr1aa基因的RNA相对表达量。
ΔΔC(t)=2^-ΔC(t)供试品组
ΔC(t)=C(t)目的基因-C(t)β-actin
用方差分析和Dunnett’s T-检验进行统计学分析,p<0.05表明具有显著性差 异。
3.3实验结果:
根据基因相对表达量公式计算,模型对照组gabra1相对表达量为1.00,与正常 对照组(1.21)比较p<0.01,表明模型建立成功。阳性对照组奥沙西泮29μg/mL gabra1 相对表达量为1.23,与模型对照组(1.00)比较p<0.01,表明奥沙西泮能明显上 调gabra1基因的表达。中药组合物粉末N在500和1000μg/mL浓度时gabra1相对 表达量分别为1.25和1.14,与模型对照组(1.00)比较p<0.01&p<0.05。说 明中药组合物粉末N能明显上调gabra1基因的表达。
根据基因相对表达量公式计算,模型对照组mtnr1aa相对表达量为1.00,与正常对照组(1.64)比较p<0.01,表明模型建立成功。阳性对照组奥沙西泮29μg/mL mtnr1aa相对表达量为2.26,与模型对照组(1.00)比较p<0.01,表明奥沙西泮能 明显上调mtnr1aa基因的表达。中药组合物粉末N在500和1000μg/mL浓度时 mtnr1aa相对表达量分别为3.64和3.96,与模型对照组(1.00)比较均p<0.001。
说明中药组合物粉末N能明显上调mtnr1aa基因的表达。详见表2、图5和图6。
表2.中药组合物粉末N对斑马鱼gabra1和mtnr1aa基因表达的影响(n=3)
与模型对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001
综上基因检测数据分析,本组合物改善睡眠的机制可能与上调gabra1基因和mtnr1aa 基因的表达相关,尤其是mtnr1aa基因的表达上调非常明显。
实施例4改善睡眠临床试服试验:
4.1受试人群和诊断标准
根据中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第二版(CCMD-2-R)中失眠症的诊断标准选取20-45岁有睡眠障碍的受试者60名,上述受试者症状满足以下标准:(1)不是 任何一种躯体疾病或精神障碍继发的症状;(2)以睡眠障碍为最重要的症状,其他症 状均继发于失眠,这些症状包括:多梦、早醒、易醒、难以入睡、睡眠不深、醒后不 易再睡、醒后感不适、疲乏或白天困倦;(3)上述睡眠障碍的症状每周至少发生3次, 并持续30天以上;(4)失眠引起显著的心情烦躁或抑郁,导致精神活动效率下降,妨 碍日常生活和工作。
4.2服用方法和试验方法
将受试者随机分为3组,每组20名受试者。以维生素C为空白、褪黑素为阳 性对照进行对比,分别在睡前30分钟~1小时服用,空白组1粒/次,对照组1粒 /次(3mg/粒),实验组中药组合物粉末N 3g/次。通过记录其睡前入睡的改善情况, 深度睡眠长度、睡眠长度及醒后精神状态、体力情况的评定结果进行统计。
4.3疗效评价方法和数据汇总
入睡的改善情况是指与平常比较,分为明显改善、稍有改善、无改善;睡眠状 况以连续睡眠时间为评定级别,醒后精神状态以精神是否饱满为评定级别,体力情 况以是否乏力为评定级别,分别设置优、中、差三个级别,均达到优级的判定睡眠 质量为一级、其中两项达到优级的判定为二级、其中一项或以下达到优级的判定为 三级。结果汇总与表3。
表3.临床试服试验
组别 | 数量/人 | 入睡改善率 | 睡眠质量一级率 |
空白组 | 20 | 10% | 15% |
对照组 | 20 | 25% | 45% |
受试组 | 20 | 35% | 60% |
结果显示,本发明组合物能够缩短入睡时间且提高睡眠质量。
实施例5改善记忆力动物实验
以实施例1制得的中药组合物粉末N,分别以人体推荐量的5倍、10倍和20 倍设置动物实验剂量,即空白对照组、83mg/kg、167mg/kg、333mg/kg,连续经口 灌胃给予样品14天后进行水迷宫实验,空白组给予同体积生理盐水。
水迷宫实验,体重25±2g的清洁级ICR雄性小鼠,随机分为空白对照组与三 个梯度剂量组83mg/kg、167mg/kg、333mg/kg,12只/组,给样品14天后进行水迷 宫实验。训练期间继续给样,每天一次。迷宫泳道水深9cm,水温约20℃(≮15℃)。 将小鼠训练时间限定为120s,在120s内未到达终点的小鼠均记为120s。
第一次训练前将小鼠放在梯子附近,使其自动爬上3次。实验分阶段进行,视 动物学习成绩逐步加长路程。第一次训练时用一挡板在A处挡死,从A处开始训练, 记录从A点到达终点的时间。第二次训练加长路程,从B处开始,至动物数80%以 上在2min内达到终点后再延长路程,分别记录各鼠每次从B点达到终点所需的时 间和发生错误的次数(进入任何一个盲端一次均算一次错误)。末次测试从起点进 行,将小鼠放在起点C点,记录从起点到达终点所需的时间和发生错误的次数。每 次训练时,对2min内未达到终点的小鼠,应引导其到达终点,从终点的楼梯上来, 达到训练的目的。每次训练或测验时均将头朝起始点,以上实验步骤为记忆获得过 程。停止训练5天后再进行A、B点的训练和C点测试,以上实验步骤为记忆再现 过程。分别比较第一天与第五天小鼠在水迷宫实验中测试点C的游泳时间和进入错 误终端次数。
实验结果如下:
表4中药组合物粉末N对小鼠记忆再现的影响(水迷宫)
从表4中可以看出,空白对照组、各个剂量组第五天的游泳时间和错误次数均 优于第一天训练和测验结果。第五天C点测验成绩中,样品组的训练时间与空白对 照组持平、进入错误终端的次数略有下降。
综合以上实验结果可知,本发明所开发的中药组合物效果确切,同时,由于其 完全基于药食同源理论,因此安全性令人信服。
本发明的中药组合物采用科学的动物表型、机理探究及临床试服结果验证了确切的效果,虽然其效果比照苯二氮卓类西药的药效弱,但是考虑到其让人信服的安全 性,其特别适合以满足可以适合长期服用,治疗或者改善失眠症状需求。
本发明的组合物,其原料有效性理论基础非常充实。与目前市面上常见的中枢 神经抑制类药物相比副作用小,无不良反应;与传统的中药复方比起来见效快、安全 性高。由于基于中医的“清养”理论,本发明特别适用于工作压力引起的失眠。本发 明组合物也体现了一定程度的改善记忆力的作用。
最后应说明的是:以上所述的各实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,而非对 其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员 应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分 或全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱 离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
本说明书中引用的所有出版物和专利文献引入本文作为参考,如同每个出版物或专利被分别明确指明引入本文作为参考。在不偏离本申请公开的实质和范围的情 况下,可对本申请公开的各实施方案进行多种改变和用等同物替换。除非上下文中 另有说明,否则本公开的实施方案的任何特征、步骤或实施方案都可以与任何其他 特征、步骤或实施方案组合使用。
Claims (12)
1.一种改善睡眠和改善记忆力的组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成:
鹿皮胶20~30份、栀子粉14~18份、干姜粉7~11份、甘草7~11份。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成:
鹿皮胶26~30份、栀子粉14~16份、干姜粉8~10份、甘草8~10份。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成:
鹿皮胶28份、栀子粉15份、干姜粉9份、甘草9份。
4.一种改善睡眠和改善记忆力的组合物,其特征在于,包含权利要求1所述的组合物、以及选自酸枣仁、莲子、百合中的至少一种中药成分。
5.一种改善睡眠和改善记忆力的组合物,其特征在于,包含权利要求1所述的改善睡眠的中药组合物和选自γ-氨基丁酸、茶氨酸、酪蛋白酶解物、N-乙酰神经氨酸、维生素B6和磷脂酰丝氨酸中的成分中的至少一种。
6.一种改善睡眠和改善记忆力的药物制剂,其包含权利要求1~5所述的组合物,以及药学上可以接受的辅料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物制剂,其为片剂、丸剂、粉剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂或口服液,优选为片剂或胶囊剂。
8.一种功能性食品,包含权利要求1~5所述的组合物以及可食用的辅料。
9.权利要求1所述的组合物制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下的步骤:
取栀子粉14~18份、干姜粉7~11份、甘草7~11份,粉碎,加5~9重量倍的水在80~100℃水温下蒸煮0.5~3小时,过滤得到提取液,重复上述蒸煮2~4次,合并提取液,过滤、浓缩得到浸膏,并将上述得到的浸膏趁热与鹿皮胶20~30份混合均匀,将其干燥,得到提取物。
10.权利要求1所述的组合物制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下的步骤:
取栀子粉14~18份、干姜粉7~11份、甘草7~11份,粉碎,各自加5~9重量倍的水在80~100℃水温下蒸煮0.5~3小时,过滤得到提取液,重复上述蒸煮2~4次,合并提取液,过滤、浓缩得到浸膏,并将上述得到栀子粉的浸膏、干姜粉的浸膏、甘草的浸膏真空干燥或者喷雾干燥,将得到栀子粉的浸膏干燥粉末、干姜粉的浸膏干燥粉末和甘草的浸膏干燥粉末,与鹿皮胶20~30份混合,粉碎、过筛使其混合均匀,得到提取物。
11.权利要求1所述的组合物在制备用于改善睡眠的药物中的应用。
12.权利要求1所述的组合物在制备用于改善记忆力的药物中的应用。
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