CN113575515A - Langya chicken germplasm resource protection, development and utilization method - Google Patents
Langya chicken germplasm resource protection, development and utilization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a Langya chicken germplasm resource protection, development and utilization method, which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out overall genetic evaluation and system planning on Langya chicken resource groups; (2) performing same type group classification on the existing Langya chicken groups by combining Langya chicken variety standards and performance indexes, and respectively establishing basic groups for selective breeding; (3) after a basic group is established, locking 3-4 generations of successive generations respectively to obtain a pure line homozygous for the main selection character gene; (4) and (4) carrying out matched combination on the pure line obtained by breeding or carrying out matched combination with other specialized strains/varieties to produce the commercial chicken substitutes. The invention carries out the same type individual division of chicken flocks on the basis of carrying out genetic evaluation on the existing Langya chicken germplasm resources, and carries out the respective breeding, thereby obtaining a plurality of pure lines with basically homozygous main selection character genes and carrying out the matched utilization. The method has the advantages that the existing population genetic diversity is effectively preserved, and reasonable and effective development and utilization are simultaneously carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of livestock and poultry genetic resource protection, and particularly relates to a Langya chicken germplasm resource protection and development utilization method.
Background
The contradiction that protection and development and utilization can not be considered exists in the preservation and management of livestock and poultry genetic resources for a long time. Only preserving the seeds for seed preservation without development, weak market competitiveness, no benefit and difficult persistence; the method has the advantages that the method is heavy in development and light in protection, short-term benefits can be obtained by performing directional selection on some germplasm resources, inherent germplasm characteristics of the germplasm resources are lost, and genetic diversity is lost. How to balance the contradiction between protection and development, scientifically and reasonably protect and utilize, innovate resources and varieties, and have important significance for realizing the sustainable and healthy development of industry.
Langya chicken, also called "sunshine Ma chicken", belongs to a dual-purpose local variety, and has its origin in the sunshine City of Shandong province and its central production area in the coastal region where the south of Jiaonan city is connected with the north of the sunshine City. Langya chicken is a good local variety bred by local workers for a long time, and the chicken is famous for big egg, red skin and good meat quality before being mutually transmitted for a long time, and is praised as Langya egg at abroad when processed eggs. In the seventies and eighties of the 20 th century, along with the introduction of foreign high-yield laying hen varieties, the free-range raising quantity of Langya chickens is reduced year by year. Meanwhile, along with the hybridization of foreign varieties, the physical and physical characteristics and egg characteristics of Langya chickens are not prominent any more, and the market competitiveness is weakened. Aiming at Langya chicken, an excellent local chicken breed resource, it is necessary to innovate and establish a suitable Langya chicken resource preservation, development and utilization technology to ensure that important genes are not lost and can be effectively applied to poultry production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Langya chicken germplasm resource protection and development utilization method. The method effectively balances the relationship between Langya chicken germplasm resource protection and development and utilization, and realizes scientific and reasonable protection and utilization.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose of the invention:
a Langya chicken germplasm resource protection, development and utilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out overall genetic evaluation on the Langya chicken group, wherein evaluation items comprise body appearance, production performance, muscle quality, reproductive performance, egg character and disease resistance character;
(2) performing same type group classification on the existing Langya chicken groups by combining Langya chicken variety standards and performance indexes, and respectively establishing basic groups for selective breeding;
(3) after establishing a basic group, respectively locking 3-4 generations of successive transfer by using a group successive transfer breeding method, thereby obtaining a pure line with basically homozygous main selection character genes;
(4) the pure line which is basically homozygous for the selected main character gene is matched and combined or matched and combined with other specialized strains/varieties to produce the commercial chicken generations.
Preferably, the body shape appearance of step (1) includes crown size, feather color, shin length, shin color, skin color, body type structure.
Preferably, the production performance of the step (1) includes an early growth rate, a feed conversion rate and a meat production rate.
Preferably, the muscle quality of step (1) includes muscle fiber density, muscle tenderness, intramuscular fat content and inosinic acid content.
Preferably, the reproductive performance of step (1) includes laying rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate.
Preferably, the egg traits of step (1) include eggshell color, egg weight, egg shape index, egg yolk ratio and egg white height.
Preferably, the disease-resistant trait of step (1) comprises detecting the positive and negative distribution of leukemia and white diarrhea.
Preferably, the specific method for classifying the same type of population in the step (2) is as follows:
selecting individuals with large canopy, high early growth speed and high feed conversion rate in the population to construct a fast-growing strain called A line;
selecting individuals with uniform egg weight and green shell egg production in the group to construct a green shell strain called B strain;
thirdly, selecting individuals with high laying rate in the population, and intensively selecting breeding traits to establish a high-yield strain called a C line;
preferably, the a line has the following physical appearance: the body is large, the single crown is upright, the ear leaf is red, the skin is white, and the shin is cyan; the cockscomb is large, the feather is reddish brown, the neck feather, the shoulder feather and the saddle feather are golden yellow and rich in luster, and the main wing feather and the sickle feather are black and green and glossy; the feathers of the hen are yellow brown or brown numb feathers, the neck feathers are provided with light yellow bands, the main wing-covering feathers and the tail feathers are black, the front chest feathers are light yellow, the back feathers are darker, and the feathers have brown spots; the chicken has yellow villus, inverted V-shaped pattern on the head, and two black or brown villus belts on the back. The size, early growth speed, feed conversion rate and distance between cockscombs of the A series are all superior to those of the original Langya chicken group.
Preferably, the B line has the following physical appearance: the cock has upright single crown, white skin and cyan shin; chicken is yellow or chestnut in villus, and black stripes are arranged on the top and back of the head of part of the individual chicken; the body and appearance characteristics of the Langya chicken are basically consistent with those of Langya chicken varieties. The method for purifying the B line refers to a method for identifying the genotypes of the laying hens and the chicken eggs with green shells and a special fragment and primer for purifying the green shell gene in the patent CN201210392827.2, and the green shell rate of the group reaches 100 percent.
Preferably, the C line has the following physical appearance: the hen has upright single crown, white skin and cyan shin; chicken is yellow or chestnut in villus, and black stripes are arranged on the top and back of the head of part of the individual chicken; the body shape and appearance characteristics are basically consistent with those of Langya chicken varieties. The laying rate of the C line is obviously superior to that of the original Langya chicken group.
Preferably, the specific method for pure line breeding in step (3) is as follows: each strain is not less than 40 families, and each family is matched according to the male-female ratio of 1: 10-15; determining the growth and development traits, egg laying traits and disease resistance traits of each strain of breeding hens; and (4) defining the selection index of the generation for the bred characters, and selecting and reserving the cock and the hen by combining the family score and the individual phenotypic value.
Preferably, the matching combination in the step (4) is as follows: combining A and C to produce commercial generations with good body appearance, good growth speed consistency, pure native chicken blood system and good meat quality and capable of producing light brown shell eggs; or combining B with C to produce high-yield hens capable of producing green-shell eggs; or combined with A to produce commercial generations of green-shell eggs with good body appearance and growth speed consistency; or combined with other specialized strains/varieties, such as A and DE, to produce intermediate-speed commercial generations.
Preferably, the disease-resistant character selection is to perform positive detection and elimination on the leukemia and the white diarrhea of breeding hens according to the requirements of breeding hen leukemia and white diarrhea purification, and strict disinfection of chicken houses, hatching eggs, hatcheries and hatching equipment facilities is adopted to ensure the health of breeding hens.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. on the basis of genetic evaluation of the conventional Langya chicken germplasm resources, the chicken groups are subjected to the same type individual division, and are respectively bred according to the genetic rule of characters and the correlation with other characters, so that a plurality of pure lines with basically homozygous main selection character genes are obtained; different character subsystems are stored, the population scale is enlarged, and meanwhile, the genetic diversity of the existing population is effectively stored.
2. The invention can fully utilize the heterosis between the strains, has outstanding reproductive performance of parents, fast growth of commercial generation, better disease resistance and adaptability, high market acceptance of products and good economic benefit.
3. According to the method, the existing Langya chicken germplasm resources are subjected to individual subsystem preservation of the same type and matched combined utilization, so that the genetic diversity of the existing Langya chicken germplasm resources is reasonably protected, a reasonable and effective method is provided for development and utilization of the Langya chicken germplasm resources, and the contradiction between Langya chicken germplasm resource protection and development is effectively balanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of Langya chicken germplasm resource protection, development and utilization
Detailed Description
In order to more concisely and clearly demonstrate technical solutions, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention is provided with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a Langya chicken germplasm resource protection, development and utilization method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing genetic evaluation on the existing Langya chicken group in the Langya chicken breeder farm in Shandong province, wherein evaluation items comprise body appearance, production performance, muscle quality, reproductive performance, egg character and disease resistance character;
the body shape and appearance include: size of crown, feather color, length of shin, shin color, skin color, body type structure;
the production performance includes: early growth rate, feed conversion rate and meat production rate.
Muscle qualities include: muscle fiber density, muscle tenderness, intramuscular fat content, and inosinic acid content.
Reproductive performance includes: laying rate, fertilization rate and hatchability.
The egg properties comprise: eggshell color, egg weight, egg shape index, yolk proportion and egg white height.
Disease resistance traits such as: leukemia and white dysentery.
The discovery of genetic evaluation of the existing Langya chicken germplasm resources in the step (1) is as follows: the cockscombs of the Langya chickens in the existing group are different in size, some individual cockscombs are upright, and some individual cockscombs are laid down; the feather color is mixed, and the feather color comprises ephedra feather, black hemp feather, white feather and the like; the shank color is cyan, bluish white, willow color, yellow, etc.; the color of the eggshell is light brown shell, green shell and the like; the indexes such as growth speed and laying rate are also uneven.
(2) The method combines Langya chicken variety standard and performance index to classify the existing Langya chicken group into the same type of group, and establishes the basic group of different lines, and the specific classification process is as follows:
selecting individuals with the weight of over 2200g of a 120-day-old cock, the weight of over 1650g of a hen, the height of a cock crown of over 5.0cm and the distance of over 1.0cm in a group to construct a fast-growing strain, namely an A strain;
according to the selection criteria mentioned above, Langya chickens of line A have the following characteristics: the body is large, the single crown is upright, the ear leaf is red, the skin is white, and the shin is cyan; the cockscomb is large, the feather is reddish brown, the neck feather, the shoulder feather and the saddle feather are golden yellow and rich in luster, and the main wing feather and the sickle feather are black and green and glossy; the feathers of the hen are yellow brown or brown numb feathers, the neck feathers are provided with light yellow bands, the main wing-covering feathers and the tail feathers are black, the front chest feathers are light yellow, the back feathers are darker, and the feathers have brown spots; the chicken has yellow villus, inverted V-shaped pattern on the head, and two black or brown villus belts on the back. The A line of 120-day-old cocks are 2200g in weight, 1650g in weight, and the cocks are higher than 5.0cm and longer than 1.0cm, which is superior to the original Langya chicken group.
Selecting individuals with uniform egg weight and green shell egg production in the group to construct a green shell strain called B strain;
according to the selection criteria mentioned above, Langya chickens of line B have the following characteristics: the cock has upright single crown, white skin and cyan shin; chicken is yellow or chestnut in villus, and black stripes are arranged on the top and back of the head of part of the individual chicken; the body and appearance characteristics of the Langya chicken are basically consistent with those of Langya chicken varieties. The weight of the eggs is 46.50 +/-3.46 g, and the weight of the eggs is uniform. The method for identifying B series refers to a method for identifying genotypes of green-shell laying hens and chicken green-shell eggs and a special fragment and primer for purifying green-shell genes, and the green-shell rate of the method reaches 100 percent. The weight of the B line of 120-day-old cocks is 1900g, the weight of the hen is 1540g, and the height of the cocks is more than 3.5 cm.
Thirdly, selecting individuals with the weight of less than 1500g of 120-day-old hens in the group and more than 200 laying eggs in the year, and intensively selecting propagation traits to establish a high-yield strain called a C line;
according to the selection criteria mentioned above, Langya chickens of line C have the following characteristics: the hen has upright single crown, white skin and cyan shin; chicken is yellow or chestnut in villus, and black stripes are arranged on the top and back of the head of part of the individual chicken; the body shape and appearance characteristics are basically consistent with those of Langya chicken varieties. The laying rate in peak period can reach 90%, and more than 220 eggs are laid in a year, which is obviously superior to that of the original Langya chicken group (150-180 eggs are laid in a year). The weight of C-series 120-day-old cock is 1800g, the weight of hen is 1450g, and the height of cock crown is more than 3.0 cm.
(3) After a basic group is established, a group successive transfer breeding method is utilized to lock 4 generations of successive transfer, so that pure lines of the three lines with basically homozygous main selection character genes and stable genetic performance are obtained, and the specific method of pure line breeding is as follows:
each strain is not less than 40 families, and each family is matched according to the male-female ratio of 1: 10-15; measuring the growth and development property, the egg laying property and the disease resistance property of each strain of breeding hens; and (4) defining the selection index of the generation for the bred characters, and selecting and reserving the cock and the hen by combining the family score and the individual phenotypic value.
(4) And (4) carrying out matched combination on the pure line obtained by breeding in the step (3) or carrying out matched combination with other specialized lines/varieties to produce commodity generations. The matching combination is as follows:
the matched combination can be selected from pure line combinations of original Langya chicken groups or pure line combinations with other local chicken germplasm resource sources or specialized lines or standard variety groups of existing matched lines, for example, the invention adopts A and C combination, A and BC combination or A line cock and Dongbei fowl Ma chicken parent hen (DE female) to obtain superior chicken breeds, and the superior chicken breeds are obtained by matching and breeding the combination of the invention compared with the original Langya chicken, as shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 high-quality breeds of chickens obtained by combining different pure lines
| Detecting items | A x C combination | AxBC combination | A×(DE♀) | Original Langya chicken |
| Body weight of 90-day-old cock | - | - | ＞2000g | ＞1000g |
| Weight of 120-day-old cock | ＞2000g | ＞2100g | - | ＞1500g |
| The distance between 120-day-old cocks | ＞0.8cm | ＞0.8cm | - | - |
| 210 day old cock body weight | ＞2250g | ＞2250g | - | - |
| The distance between 210 days old cock | ＞1.5cm | ＞1.5cm | - | - |
| Annual egg production | More than 220 | More than 220 | - | 150 to 200 |
| Color of egg shell | Light brown | Light brown or green | Light brown | Light brown |
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the A x C combination has high laying rate of C-series hens, more than 220 eggs laid per year, good physical appearance and growth speed consistency of the commercial generations, pure native chickens with bloody ancestry and good meat quality, the color of eggshells is light brown, the weight of 120-day-old cocks can reach more than 2000g, and the distance between the 120-day-old cocks is more than 0.8 cm; the 210-day-old cocks can reach more than 2250g and have a distance of more than 1.5 cm. For example, the A multiplied by BC combination can produce green-shell eggs for parental hens, and high-grade green-shell eggs can be sold when the market is not good, so that the risk resistance is stronger; when the market is in good condition, the ABC commercial generation can be produced by matching the A system, the body appearance and the growth speed are good, the pure chicken is of ancestry, the meat quality is good, and the color of the eggshell is light brown or green; the weight of 120-day-old cocks can reach more than 2100g, and the distance between the cocks and the cock is more than 0.8 cm; the 210-day-old cocks can reach more than 2250g and have a distance of more than 1.5 cm. Or the hybrid can be matched and combined with pure lines or existing matched lines specialized lines or standard variety groups from other local chicken germplasm resources, such as A-line male parent-female chicken (DE female) with Dongyou Ma chicken, the heterosis is obvious, the survival rate of commercial generations can reach more than 98 percent, the growth speed is high, 90-day-old male chicken can reach more than 2000g, the body shape and appearance consistency is good, the cocks are red, the market acceptance degree is high, and the economic benefit is good.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A Langya chicken germplasm resource protection, development and utilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out overall genetic evaluation on the Langya chicken group, wherein evaluation items comprise body appearance, production performance, muscle quality, reproductive performance, egg character and disease resistance character;
(2) performing same type group classification on the existing Langya chicken groups by combining Langya chicken variety standards and performance indexes, and respectively establishing basic groups for selective breeding;
(3) after establishing a basic group, respectively locking 3-4 generations of successive transfer by using a group successive transfer breeding method, thereby obtaining a pure line with basically homozygous main selection character genes;
(4) the pure line which is basically homozygous for the selected main character gene is matched and combined, or matched and combined with other specialized strains or varieties to produce the commercial chicken generations.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the body-type appearance of step (1) comprises crown size, feather color, shin length, shin color, skin color, body-type structure; the production performance comprises early growth speed, feed conversion rate and meat yield; the muscle quality comprises muscle fiber density, muscle tenderness, intramuscular fat content and inosinic acid content; the reproductive performance includes laying rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate; the egg traits comprise eggshell color, egg weight, egg shape index, yolk proportion and egg white height; the disease resistance traits comprise positive and negative distribution conditions of leukemia and white diarrhea.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the population classification of the same type in step (2) is as follows:
selecting individuals with large canopy, high early growth speed and high feed conversion rate in the population to construct a fast-growing strain called A line;
selecting individuals with uniform egg weight and green shell egg production in the group to construct a green shell strain called B strain;
thirdly, selecting individuals with high laying rate in the population, and intensively selecting breeding traits to establish a high-yield strain called C line.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said A-line has the following physical appearance: the body is large, the single crown is upright, the ear leaf is red, the skin is white, and the shin is cyan; the cockscomb is large, the feather is reddish brown, the neck feather, the shoulder feather and the saddle feather are golden yellow and rich in luster, and the main wing feather and the sickle feather are black and green and glossy; the feathers of the hen are yellow brown or brown numb feathers, the neck feathers are provided with light yellow bands, the main wing-covering feathers and the tail feathers are black, the front chest feathers are light yellow, the back feathers are darker, and the feathers have brown spots; the chicken has yellow villus, inverted V-shaped pattern on the head, and two black or brown villus belts on the back.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the B-line has the following physical appearance: the cock has upright single crown, white skin and cyan shin; the chicken has yellow villus or chestnut color, and black stripes are arranged on the top and back of the head of part of the individual.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein said C-line has the following physical appearance: the hen has upright single crown, white skin and cyan shin; the chicken has yellow villus or chestnut color, and black stripes are arranged on the top and back of the head of part of the individual.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific method for pure line breeding in step (3) is as follows: each strain is not less than 40 families, and each family is matched according to the male-female ratio of 1: 10-15; determining the growth and development traits, egg laying traits and disease resistance traits of each strain of breeding hens; and (4) defining the selection index of the generation for the bred characters, and selecting and reserving the cock and the hen by combining the family score and the individual phenotypic value.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the matching combination in step (4) is as follows: combining A and C to produce commercial generations with good body appearance, good growth speed consistency, pure native chicken blood system and good meat quality and capable of producing light brown shell eggs; or combining B with C to produce high-yield hens capable of producing green-shell eggs; or combined with A to produce commercial generations of green-shell eggs with good body appearance and growth speed consistency; or with other specialized strains or breeds, such as A and DE, to produce intermediate-speed commercial generations.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease resistance trait is selected to positively detect and eliminate chicken leukemia and white diarrhea according to the requirements for breeding chicken leukemia and white diarrhea purification, and to ensure the health of the breeding hens by strict disinfection of chicken houses, hatching eggs, hatcheries and hatchery facilities.
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