CN113571797A - Battery fog cold and hot management system wrapping V-shaped fins - Google Patents
Battery fog cold and hot management system wrapping V-shaped fins Download PDFInfo
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- CN113571797A CN113571797A CN202110727470.8A CN202110727470A CN113571797A CN 113571797 A CN113571797 A CN 113571797A CN 202110727470 A CN202110727470 A CN 202110727470A CN 113571797 A CN113571797 A CN 113571797A
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention aims to provide a battery fog cooling and heating management system wrapping V-shaped fins, which comprises a battery heat dissipation module, an atomization module, an air supply module and a recovery module, wherein the battery heat dissipation module comprises a Z-shaped air box and battery monomers; the atomization module comprises a liquid storage tank and a mixing channel, an output pipeline of the liquid storage tank extends into the mixing channel, and an atomization nozzle is arranged at the part of the output pipeline extending into the mixing channel; the air supply module comprises a fan which is communicated with the mixing channel; the recovery module comprises a gas-liquid separator and a recovery liquid storage tank, one end of the recovery liquid storage tank is connected with the Z-shaped air box, the other end of the recovery liquid storage tank is connected with an outlet pipeline, the outlet pipeline is respectively connected with the gas-liquid separator and the liquid storage tank, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the Z-shaped air box. The invention has higher cooling efficiency, and the V-shaped fins are wrapped around the battery, thereby increasing the heat dissipation area of the battery and improving the cooling efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery thermal management device.
Background
With the increasing world energy demand, energy crisis and environmental pollution are caused. The energy consumption and the waste emission brought by the traditional fuel automobile account for a great proportion. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, the automobile industry is turning from internal combustion engine-driven automobiles to new energy automobiles in many countries.
The new energy automobile has important application prospect in the aspects of reducing greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long service life and the like, and is a preferred power source of the electric automobile. The performance of the battery is highly dependent on temperature. The battery thermal management system enables the battery pack to operate in a proper temperature range, which not only has an important influence on the performance of the battery pack system, but also is important for the safety and stability of the battery pack. The primary function of the battery pack thermal management system is to maintain the average temperature of the battery cells within an optimum operating temperature range, wherein the individual battery pack temperatures in the battery pack vary by less than 5 ℃.
Currently, the main battery thermal management systems are mainly air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change material cooling. Air cooling is the preferred cooling option for automotive manufacturers among all currently available thermal management systems. This can be attributed to its low operating cost, compact design and good reliability. On the contrary, however, air cooling systems also have considerable drawbacks, such as their low cooling capacity, limited flow and uneven temperature distribution upstream and downstream. Air cooling is compared to the liquid cooling, and the cooling effect is more outstanding, but equipment is comparatively complicated, and will guarantee the leakproofness of device, prevents revealing of coolant liquid. The phase-change material has low heat conductivity coefficient and low potential heat storage capacity, and has certain limitations such as easy leakage, odor emission, toxicity, corrosivity and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery fog cooling and heating management system wrapping V-shaped fins for cooling a battery module by combining air and water fog.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a battery fog cold and hot management system wrapping a V-shaped fin, which is characterized in that: the battery heat dissipation module comprises a Z-shaped air box and battery monomers, the battery monomers are connected into a battery module through a connecting row and placed in the Z-shaped air box, and V-shaped fin sleeves are arranged outside the battery monomers; the atomization module comprises a liquid storage tank and a mixing channel, an output pipeline of the liquid storage tank extends into the mixing channel, and an atomization nozzle is arranged at the part of the output pipeline extending into the mixing channel; the air supply module comprises a fan, and the fan is communicated with the mixing channel; the recycling module comprises a gas-liquid separator and a recycling liquid storage tank, one end of the recycling liquid storage tank is connected with the Z-shaped air box, the other end of the recycling liquid storage tank is connected with an outlet pipeline, the outlet pipeline is respectively connected with the gas-liquid separator and the liquid storage tank, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the Z-shaped air box.
The present invention may further comprise:
1. the V-shaped fin sleeve is a cuboid with an opening on one surface, V-shaped fins are uniformly distributed except the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cuboid, the adjacent V-shaped fins are connected end to form a sawtooth shape, and the cross section of each V-shaped fin is an equilateral triangle.
2. The outlet of the Z-shaped air box is positioned at the lowest position and is a gradually expanding outlet, and the joint of the recovery liquid storage tank and the Z-shaped air box is the gradually expanding outlet of the Z-shaped air box.
3. An electromagnetic valve is arranged on an outlet pipeline between the gas-liquid separator and the recovery liquid storage tank, and a circulating pump is arranged on the outlet pipeline between the gas-liquid separator and the liquid storage tank.
4. The output pipeline is provided with a metering pump, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and an electromagnetic valve, and an air speed sensor and an air temperature sensor are arranged between the fan and the mixing channel.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention combines air cooling and fog cooling based on the principle of evaporative cooling, has more advantages compared with pure air cooling and liquid cooling, has higher heat transfer efficiency, and is beneficial to reducing the highest temperature of the battery and keeping the uniformity of the battery module.
2. According to the invention, the battery monomer is arranged in the V-shaped fin sleeve, so that the heat dissipation area of the battery module is increased. In addition, when wind carrying water mist sweeps over the V-shaped fins, disturbance is intensified, more heat can be taken away, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
3. According to the invention, the thermal management control of the whole battery system is completed through the matching of all the modules.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a V-shaped fin sleeve structure;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the V-shaped fin nest.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
with reference to fig. 1-3, the core of the present invention is to provide a battery fog cooling and heating management system wrapped with V-shaped fins, wherein strong wind carrying water fog is used to sweep the surface of a battery module wrapped with V-shaped fins, so as to increase air flow disturbance, and fully contact the battery module, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module. Compare in traditional air cooling and water-cooling, adopt the fog cold mode based on the evaporative cooling principle, can be simpler on equipment, and heat exchange efficiency is higher, and is also more effective to the homogeneity that maintains battery module temperature, is a new and emerging battery thermal management technique.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery fog cooling and heating management system wrapped with V-shaped fins of the present invention includes a battery heat dissipation module, an atomization module, an air supply module, and a recovery module, specifically, a gas-liquid separator 1, a circulation pump 2, a liquid storage tank 3, a temperature sensor 4, a liquid level sensor 5, a metering pump 6, a pressure sensor 7, a flow sensor 8, an electromagnetic valve 9, an atomization nozzle 10, a wind temperature sensor 11, a wind speed sensor 12, a fan 13, a connecting row 14, a battery cell 15, a Z-shaped bellows 16, a V-shaped fin sleeve 17, a liquid level sensor 18, a recovery liquid storage tank 19, and an electromagnetic valve 20.
During implementation, each single battery 15 is placed in the V-shaped fin sleeve 17, the surface where the pole is located faces upwards and is exposed outside, the single batteries 15 wrapped by the V-shaped fin sleeve 17 are arranged at intervals, the single batteries are connected into a battery module through the connecting row 14 and are placed in the Z-shaped air box 16, the whole body forms the battery heat dissipation module, and the Z-shaped air box 16 is a tapered inlet and a tapered outlet. As shown in fig. 2, the V-shaped fin sleeve 17 is a rectangular parallelepiped with one open side, and V-shaped fins are not arranged on the outside of the surface opposite to the open side, and V-shaped fins are arranged on the remaining four sides, and the V-shaped fins are connected end to end on the surfaces to form a zigzag, and the zigzag fins are arranged on the outside of the aluminum sleeve at intervals, and are integrated, and the cross section of the V-shaped fins is an equilateral triangle.
In this embodiment, battery cooling requires the use of an atomization module in conjunction with an air supply module. The atomization module comprises a liquid storage tank 3, a temperature sensor 4, a liquid level sensor 5, a metering pump 6, a pressure sensor 7, a flow sensor 8, an atomization nozzle 10 and a mixing channel. The atomizing nozzles 10 are installed inside the mixing channel, arranged in a circle along the circumferential direction of the mixing channel, and the direction of the atomizing nozzles 10 is opposite to the air supply direction. The air supply module consists of a fan 13, an air temperature sensor 11, an air speed sensor 12 and a mixing channel. The mixing channel connects the air supply module and the atomization module together. When the temperature of the battery rises, the atomizing module starts to operate, the metering pump 6 is responsible for conveying cooling liquid in the liquid storage tank 3 to the atomizing nozzle 10 for atomization, the cooling liquid is sprayed into the mixing channel, meanwhile, the fan 13 starts to work, strong wind is conveyed into the mixing channel and is fully mixed with mist sprayed in the reverse direction, and the well-mixed mist air flow enters the Z-shaped air box 16 along the reducing inlet to dissipate heat of the battery module. When the fog airflow sweeps the surface of the battery module, airflow disturbance can be increased due to the V-shaped fins on the surface, the heat exchange area is increased, and the overall heat exchange efficiency is improved. The mist flow flowing through the gaps of the single batteries is converged to the gradually expanding channel of the Z-shaped air box 16 and enters the recovery module.
A recycling module is also needed in the implementation process, the recycling module comprises two channels, one is a cooling liquid recycling channel consisting of a recycling liquid tank 19, a liquid level sensor 18, a circulating pump 2 and a control valve 20; the other is a gas-liquid separation and recovery channel consisting of a gas-liquid separator 1 and a circulating pump 2. The two channels are connected by a circulation pump 2. The cooling liquid recovery channel is that fog air current when cooling battery module, along with the time lapse, has the liquid droplet to hang on V-arrangement fin cover 17, and when the liquid droplet accumulated a quantitative, can fall down along with gravity, set up the flowing back pipeline in the shape export minimum that gradually expands of Z shape bellows, be connected to recovery fluid reservoir 19, level sensor 18 monitors the volume of the cooling liquid in the jar constantly, and when reaching the setting value, solenoid valve 20 opens, and circulating pump 2 carries the cooling liquid of retrieving in the liquid storage pot 3. The function of the gas-liquid separation channel is mainly to process mist flow at the outlet of the Z-shaped air box, the mist flow can separate liquid drops from air in the gas-liquid separator, the air is discharged out of the system, and the recovered cooling liquid reaches the liquid storage tank 3 by the circulating pump 2. Through the two recovery channels, the supply balance of the cooling liquid of the whole system is realized.
In summary, the following steps: the invention relates to a battery fog cooling and heating management system wrapped with V-shaped fins, which combines air cooling and liquid cooling together based on the principle of evaporative cooling to form a novel fog cooling battery heat management technology. Through the cooperation between the different modules of entire system, realized the cooling demand of battery under high temperature environment, compare pure forced air cooling and liquid cooling, its equipment is simpler, and heat transfer efficiency is higher, is favorable to maintaining the temperature uniformity of battery module. In addition, the V-shaped fin sleeve is wrapped around the battery, so that the air flow disturbance is enhanced, the heat dissipation area is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module is further improved.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a parcel V-arrangement fin's battery fog cold and hot management system which characterized by: the battery heat dissipation module comprises a Z-shaped air box and battery monomers, the battery monomers are connected into a battery module through a connecting row and placed in the Z-shaped air box, and V-shaped fin sleeves are arranged outside the battery monomers; the atomization module comprises a liquid storage tank and a mixing channel, an output pipeline of the liquid storage tank extends into the mixing channel, and an atomization nozzle is arranged at the part of the output pipeline extending into the mixing channel; the air supply module comprises a fan, and the fan is communicated with the mixing channel; the recycling module comprises a gas-liquid separator and a recycling liquid storage tank, one end of the recycling liquid storage tank is connected with the Z-shaped air box, the other end of the recycling liquid storage tank is connected with an outlet pipeline, the outlet pipeline is respectively connected with the gas-liquid separator and the liquid storage tank, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the Z-shaped air box.
2. The battery fog cooling and heating management system for wrapping V-shaped fins as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the V-shaped fin sleeve is a cuboid with an opening on one surface, V-shaped fins are uniformly distributed except the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cuboid, the adjacent V-shaped fins are connected end to form a sawtooth shape, and the cross section of each V-shaped fin is an equilateral triangle.
3. The battery fog cooling and heating management system for wrapping V-shaped fins as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the outlet of the Z-shaped air box is positioned at the lowest position and is a gradually expanding outlet, and the joint of the recovery liquid storage tank and the Z-shaped air box is the gradually expanding outlet of the Z-shaped air box.
4. The battery fog cooling and heating management system for wrapping V-shaped fins as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: an electromagnetic valve is arranged on an outlet pipeline between the gas-liquid separator and the recovery liquid storage tank, and a circulating pump is arranged on the outlet pipeline between the gas-liquid separator and the liquid storage tank.
5. The battery fog cooling and heating management system for wrapping V-shaped fins as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the output pipeline is provided with a metering pump, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and an electromagnetic valve, and an air speed sensor and an air temperature sensor are arranged between the fan and the mixing channel.
6. The battery fog cooling and heating management system for wrapping V-shaped fins as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the output pipeline is provided with a metering pump, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and an electromagnetic valve, and an air speed sensor and an air temperature sensor are arranged between the fan and the mixing channel.
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CN202110727470.8A CN113571797A (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Battery fog cold and hot management system wrapping V-shaped fins |
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CN202110727470.8A CN113571797A (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Battery fog cold and hot management system wrapping V-shaped fins |
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Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2980603B1 (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 1999-11-22 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | Dehumidifying air conditioner and dehumidifying method |
CN1855608A (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-11-01 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Secondary battery module |
JP2007253947A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2007-10-04 | Denso Corp | Cold storage heat exchanger for vehicular air conditioner |
JP2009085464A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Denso Corp | Unit for ejector type refrigerating cycle |
CN109599638A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-04-09 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Heat management system for Vehicular battery |
CN110474131A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-19 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of battery thermal management system |
JP2020112274A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-27 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Heat exchanger |
CN112635894A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-09 | 华东交通大学 | Lithium ion power battery pack composite heat management system with safety device |
CN112820980A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-18 | 扬州大学 | Multi-stage cooling type battery pack and cooling method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-06-29 CN CN202110727470.8A patent/CN113571797A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2980603B1 (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 1999-11-22 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | Dehumidifying air conditioner and dehumidifying method |
JP2007253947A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2007-10-04 | Denso Corp | Cold storage heat exchanger for vehicular air conditioner |
CN1855608A (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-11-01 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Secondary battery module |
JP2009085464A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Denso Corp | Unit for ejector type refrigerating cycle |
CN109599638A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-04-09 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | Heat management system for Vehicular battery |
JP2020112274A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-27 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Heat exchanger |
CN110474131A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-19 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of battery thermal management system |
CN112635894A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-09 | 华东交通大学 | Lithium ion power battery pack composite heat management system with safety device |
CN112820980A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-18 | 扬州大学 | Multi-stage cooling type battery pack and cooling method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20211029 |