CN107768773B - Efficient thermal management system and control method for large power battery - Google Patents
Efficient thermal management system and control method for large power battery Download PDFInfo
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency thermal management system and a control method of a large-scale power battery; comprises a battery pack and a flat heat pipe; one side of the battery pack is provided with a cooling bellows; the flat heat pipes are formed by a plurality of heat pipe arrays, the heat pipe arrays are divided into a plurality of rows, each evaporation section of the heat pipe arrays is orderly clamped by each single battery and is attached between the single batteries, and each cooling section orderly penetrates through the wall plate of the cooling air box and stretches into the cooling air box; a partition plate is arranged between each cooling section in the cooling bellows to form independent branch cooling channels of the cooling sections; the system is also provided with jet flow heat exchange, wind heat exchange and other systems. The system and the method can solve the technical problems of heat dissipation of the battery under different working conditions, temperature difference reduction of the large-sized battery pack, rapid battery preheating and the like, and meanwhile, the system has stable working performance, flexible control mode, convenient installation and maintenance and large optimization space, accords with the development trend of a battery thermal management system and an electric automobile, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power battery protection device, in particular to a high-efficiency thermal management system and a control method of a large-scale power battery.
Background
In recent years, energy crisis and environmental problems are becoming a big problem encountered on industrial roads in many countries. With the increasing maintenance of automobiles, the gasoline consumption of the traditional internal combustion engine automobile is more than one third of the global gasoline consumption, and more than half of the petroleum is expected to be used in the automobile industry in China. In addition, the quality of life of people has been seriously affected by the disadvantages of high pollution, noise, etc. of the traditional internal combustion engine automobile. The deadlines of off-market fuel vehicles have been published successively in developed European countries such as Norway, germany, france, etc. to facilitate the related industries to find new power alternatives. Electric vehicles have advantages of low emission, high efficiency and the like, and in recent years, battery energy density is continuously improved and battery cost is continuously reduced, and electric vehicles are selected by most automobile companies. Traditional vehicle enterprises such as Toyota, BMW and the like have put forward corresponding electric vehicle models. In addition, automobile electrification is also beneficial to realizing automatic driving based on artificial intelligence, and is gradually receiving attention of internet science and technology companies.
During the operation of the battery, a great amount of heat is generated in the battery due to some physical or electrochemical reactions, so that the temperature of the battery is increased, the efficiency of the battery is affected by the excessive temperature, and the cycle life of the battery is reduced. When the batteries are assembled in groups, the temperature of the battery pack is uneven, so that discharge is inconsistent, and the power output of the battery pack is affected. In some extreme cases, excessive temperatures may even lead to the occurrence of explosion accidents. In addition, in lower ambient temperatures, the capacity of the battery may decay dramatically, the internal resistance may continue to increase, and the electric vehicle may not even be able to start directly. Therefore, battery thermal management is of great importance for safe and efficient operation of batteries, and attention has been paid to vehicle enterprises and related researchers.
The thermal management techniques are mainly classified into air cooling, liquid cooling, phase Change Materials (PCM), and the like. Air cooling is low in cost, but the heat dissipation rate is low, and in many cases, the heat dissipation requirement of the battery cannot be met. The liquid cooling rate is higher, but in practice, the problem that the rigid contact of the cooling plate is easy to damage leads to higher possibility of liquid leakage, and in addition, the adverse factors such as complex structure, higher pressure drop and the like exist. PCM performs well in terms of battery temperature uniformity, but has a low thermal conductivity rate, with corresponding enhancements. Meanwhile, PCM thermal management is used as a passive system, and is difficult to flexibly cope with the situation that the working condition of the electric automobile is changeable. The heat pipe is a very high-efficiency heat transfer device, the heat conduction efficiency is higher than all metals known at present, the heat exchange principle of the heat pipe is that the internal working fluid absorbs heat and evaporates in the evaporation section of the heat pipe, and the working fluid circulation is formed by the action of internal vapor pressure difference and capillary force. The combination of the heat pipe and liquid cooling or air cooling can effectively give consideration to the compactness of the battery pack and the high heat dissipation efficiency of the thermal management system.
At present, the battery mainly comprises three shapes of a cylinder, a square and a soft package, and the cylindrical battery has a relatively mature processing technology and a relatively small volume, so that the battery has a relatively large number of batteries during group installation, relatively low space utilization rate and relatively complex thermal management and battery management. The square and soft package large batteries have higher space utilization rate, and the arrangement quantity is smaller than that of the cylindrical batteries on the premise of the same energy storage, so that the battery management and the thermal management are relatively simple. But the heat generated by the large battery monomer is not uniform, and the temperature difference of the monomer is large. For the thermal management of such battery packs, the incorporation of heat pipes greatly simplifies the flow path structure compared to a purely liquid cooled structure. However, the weight of the whole water flow structure is still large, cooling water flows in the whole battery system, the pressure loss is large, the utilization rate of partial cooling water is low, and flexible control and elimination of local hot spots of the battery are difficult according to working conditions. Furthermore, the whole flow system is to ensure good air tightness, otherwise the entry of non-condensable gases will deteriorate the heat exchange of the cooling section of the heat pipe with the cooling fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art and provide the high-efficiency thermal management system and the control method of the large-scale power battery, which have the advantages of simple structure and accurate thermal control. The temperature uniformity of the large-sized power battery can be effectively improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency thermal management system of a large-scale power battery comprises a battery pack formed by a plurality of single batteries 1 and a flat heat pipe 2; a cooling bellows 4 is arranged at one side of the battery pack;
the flat heat pipes 2 are formed by a plurality of flat heat pipe arrays which are divided into at least one row or more than two rows, the evaporation sections 2-1 of the flat heat pipe arrays are orderly clamped by the single batteries 1 and are attached between the single batteries 1, and the cooling sections 2-2 orderly penetrate through the wall plates of the cooling bellows 4 and extend into the cooling bellows 4; when more than two rows are adopted, the two rows are sequentially arranged in an array from top to bottom along the length direction of the battery;
a partition plate 4-6 is arranged between each cooling section 2-2 in the cooling bellows 4, and an independent branch cooling channel 4-2 of the cooling section 2-2 is formed between every two adjacent partition plates 4-6;
the cooling bellows 4 comprises a total air inlet 4-4 and a total air outlet 4-5; the total air inlet 4-4 is arranged on the upper side of one end of the cooling air box, and the total air outlet 4-5 is arranged on the lower side of the other end of the cooling air box 4;
the top plate of the cooling bellows 4 gradually and linearly inclines downwards from one end of the total air inlet 4-4 to the end of the total air outlet 4-5 to form a trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 with the largest cross section at the end of the total air inlet 4-4 and gradually reduced cross section towards the tail end, and the bottom line of the trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 is composed of cooling sections 2-2 which are arranged in a straight line;
the bottom plate of the cooling bellows 4 gradually and linearly inclines downwards from one end of the total air inlet 4-4 to the end of the total air outlet 4-5 to form a trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 with the smallest sectional area at the end of the total air inlet 4-4 and gradually increasing sectional area towards the end of the total air outlet 4-5, and the upper straight line of the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 is composed of cooling sections 2-2 arranged in a straight line;
the wind enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 from the main air inlet 4-4, then enters the branch cooling channels 4-2 to be contacted with the surface of the cooling section 2-2, enters the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 to be converged and then is discharged from the main air outlet 4-5.
The high-efficiency thermal management system of a large power battery further comprises:
a nozzle array 5 for spraying the cooling liquid to the cooling section 2-2;
a thermostatic water tank for maintaining the internal liquid at a set temperature by cooling or heating;
a circulating water pump for conveying the liquid in the constant temperature water tank to the nozzle array 5;
a gas-liquid separator for separating gas and liquid;
an electric heater for heating air;
a fan for feeding air into the total air inlet 4-4 of the cooling bellows 4;
the gas-liquid inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the total air outlet 4-5 of the cooling air box 4;
the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the atmosphere; the liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet end of the constant-temperature water tank through a pipeline; the outlet end of the constant temperature water tank is connected with the water inlet of the circulating water pump through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the circulating water pump is connected with the spray head array 5 arranged in the cooling bellows 4 through a pipeline connection pipeline;
the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is also sequentially connected with a second stop valve and an electric heater for heating air in the pipeline in series through the pipeline; the air outlet of the electric heater is connected with the inlet end of the fan.
Each nozzle of the nozzle array 5 is arranged on the partition plate 4-6, and the spraying direction corresponds to the cooling section 2-2 of the flat heat pipe.
And a graphite sheet 3 is clamped between the evaporation section 2-1 and the surface of the single battery 1.
The circulating water pump is a variable-frequency circulating water pump.
A control method of a high-efficiency thermal management system of a large-scale power battery comprises a battery pack heat dissipation step and a battery pack heating step;
1. battery pack heat dissipation step
Air cooling:
the fan is started, the second stop valve is closed, and the first stop valve is opened;
the heat generated during the operation of the battery pack is transferred to the cooling section 2-2 through the heat conduction effect of the evaporation section 2-1 of the flat heat pipe 2, cooling air enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 from the total air inlet 4-4 of the cooling bellows 4, then enters the branch cooling channels 4-2 to be in contact with the surface of the cooling section 2-2, after realizing heat exchange, enters the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 to be collected and then is discharged from the total air outlet 4-5, and then is discharged to the atmosphere from the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator, so that the heat of the battery pack is discharged to the atmosphere, and meanwhile, cold air from the atmosphere is delivered to the total air inlet 4-4 of the cooling bellows 4 by a fan; cycling in this way;
and (3) water cooling:
the air cooling step is kept unchanged; when the temperature of the battery pack is higher than a set value, the circulating water pump is started, and cooling liquid flows to each spray head of the spray head array 5 through the constant-temperature water tank respectively; the spray head sprays cooling liquid to the cooling section 2-2 to form jet heat exchange, after the heat exchange, the cooling liquid drops to the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 at the bottom of the cooling bellows 4 along each branch cooling channel 4-2 under the action of gravity, and enters the gas-liquid separator together with cooling air through the main air outlet 4-5; after passing through the gas-liquid separator, cooling air is discharged to the atmosphere, and cooling liquid enters the constant-temperature water tank; finally, the cooling liquid is returned to the cooling bellows 4 by a circulating water pump, and cold air enters the cooling bellows 4 from the atmosphere through a fan; cycling in this way;
after the water cooling step is started, the temperature of the battery pack begins to drop, when the temperature drops to the preset temperature, the water cooling step is closed, all spray heads stop spraying, and only the air cooling operation is kept to continue running; when the temperature of the battery pack rises to the preset temperature again, the water cooling step starts to operate again.
2. Battery pack heating step
Wind heat step:
starting a fan, starting an electric heater, closing a first stop valve and opening a second stop valve;
the air enters the cooling bellows 4 after being heated by the electric heater; at this time, the evaporation section 2-1 of the flat heat pipe 2 is changed into the current cooling section, and the cooling section 2-2 is changed into the current evaporation section; the hot air which continuously flows enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 from the main air inlet 4-4 of the cooling bellows 4, then enters the branch cooling channels 4-2 to be contacted with the surface of the existing evaporation section, heat exchange is completed, and then the heat of the hot air is transferred to the battery pack; the air after heat exchange enters the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 to be collected and then enters the gas-liquid separator from the main air outlet 4-5, and is discharged to the atmosphere from the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator;
and (3) a hydrothermal step:
starting the constant temperature water tank to be in a heating mode; heating the liquid in the constant temperature water tank to a specified temperature; the temperature may be set to 20℃to 35℃as the case may be.
Starting a circulating water pump;
the liquid in the constant temperature water tank flows to each nozzle of the nozzle array 5 respectively; the spray head sprays hot liquid to the existing evaporation section to form jet heat exchange, so that heat is transferred to the battery pack; after heat exchange, liquid drops to the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 at the bottom of the cooling bellows 4 along each branch cooling channel 4-2 under the action of gravity, and enters the gas-liquid separator together with the air after heat exchange through the main air outlet 4-5; after passing through the gas-liquid separator, the gas is discharged to the atmosphere, and the liquid enters the constant temperature water tank; and circulating until the temperature of the battery pack reaches the set temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention combines flat heat pipes, spraying and air cooling. The heat pipe has extremely high heat conduction effect and can timely transfer heat out, and the flat heat pipe design enables the battery pack to be compact in structure on one hand and facilitates jet flow heat exchange of the heat pipe on the other hand. Through the heat pipe, the cooling flow channel and the battery pack are arranged separately, so that the structure of the cooling system is simplified, and the enough heat dissipation area can be ensured.
In the invention, the air cooling structure is a parallel ventilation structure, the air quantity of each cooling flow channel can be uniformly distributed by the design of the trapezoid cavity, and the cooling section of the heat pipe adopts rough treatment, thereby being beneficial to thinning the boundary layer formed by fluid crossing the surface of the heat pipe and improving the heat exchange effect. The air cooling structure can meet the cooling requirement under the common working condition.
The invention adds the equipment such as a gas-liquid separator, a spray head and the like. However, in the conventional liquid cooling system, the cooling flow channel is always filled with water, and even if the cooling flow channel structure is simplified by adopting the heat pipe, the joint of the cooling flow channel and the heat pipe still has the possibility of liquid leakage. In addition, the system ensures better air tightness, otherwise the non-condensable gas can deteriorate the heat transfer between the heat pipe and the cooling liquid.
Vibration during running of the electric automobile increases the possibility of air leakage or damage to the airtight system. In the aspect of heat dissipation effect, the temperature uniformity cannot be well ensured for a large-sized power battery pack. The present invention employs a (micro) spray system to assist in thermal management of the battery. The injection has the advantages of less water consumption, accurate control, compact structure and higher heat exchange coefficient, and the injection system is used for heat dissipation of small electronic equipment. Considering that the temperature near the electrode of the large battery is higher, the invention controls the temperature of the battery in different areas, and achieves the purpose of promoting the temperature uniformity through controlling the flow of different liquid inlet pipelines. In addition, the cooling water consumption is greatly reduced due to the higher heat exchange coefficient of jet cooling (or heating), and a special airtight design is not needed to be considered in the structure.
The invention has flexible control mode, can start the corresponding heat dissipation system according to different working conditions of the battery, and can effectively solve the problem of changeable working conditions of the electric automobile. The advantages of simple air cooling structure, small energy consumption, good cooling effect of micro-jet cooling and accurate cooling are fully utilized.
In addition, the spraying frequency of the spraying system can be determined according to the rising condition of the battery temperature, and only the auxiliary heat dissipation is needed when the battery temperature reaches a specific value, so that the energy consumption of the cooling system can be effectively reduced. For very few severe working conditions, the micro-injection system can achieve the required heat dissipation effect through high-frequency injection.
The invention has stronger environmental adaptability. The battery pack can be preheated and heated by heating circulating liquid and air through the temperature control element and the heating device without readjusting the structure in a low-temperature environment. The spraying system and the air cooling system work simultaneously, realize function conversion, rapidly and uniformly heat the battery, save the waiting time for starting the automobile in a low-temperature environment, and have great practical significance.
The invention has compact structure, easy assembly, convenient maintenance, safety, reliability and easy management; the problems of heat dissipation, battery pack temperature difference reduction, battery preheating and the like of the battery under different working conditions can be solved. Has good application prospect in the field of power battery thermal management.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the cooling bellows.
Fig. 3 is a right-side view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic left-view structure of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the electrical principle of the present invention.
6-1, 6-2, 6-3 in FIGS. 1 through 4 above represent liquid inlet conduits connecting the individual jets in the array of jets.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 5. The invention discloses a high-efficiency heat management system of a large-scale power battery, which comprises a battery pack formed by a plurality of single batteries 1 and a flat heat pipe 2; a cooling bellows 4 is arranged at one side of the battery pack;
the flat heat pipes 2 are formed by a plurality of flat heat pipe arrays which are divided into at least one row or more than two rows, the evaporation sections 2-1 of the flat heat pipe arrays are orderly clamped by the single batteries 1 and are attached between the single batteries 1, and the cooling sections 2-2 orderly penetrate through the wall plates of the cooling bellows 4 and extend into the cooling bellows 4; when more than two rows are adopted, the two rows are sequentially arranged in an array from top to bottom along the length direction of the battery;
a partition plate 4-6 is arranged between each cooling section 2-2 in the cooling bellows 4, and an independent branch cooling channel 4-2 of the cooling section 2-2 is formed between every two adjacent partition plates 4-6;
the cooling bellows 4 comprises a total air inlet 4-4 and a total air outlet 4-5; the total air inlet 4-4 is arranged on the upper side of one end of the cooling air box, and the total air outlet 4-5 is arranged on the lower side of the other end of the cooling air box 4;
the top plate of the cooling bellows 4 gradually and linearly inclines downwards from one end of the total air inlet 4-4 to the end of the total air outlet 4-5 to form a trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 with the largest cross section at the end of the total air inlet 4-4 and gradually reduced cross section towards the tail end, and the bottom line of the trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 is composed of cooling sections 2-2 which are arranged in a straight line;
the bottom plate of the cooling bellows 4 gradually and linearly inclines downwards from one end of the total air inlet 4-4 to the end of the total air outlet 4-5 to form a trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 with the smallest sectional area at the end of the total air inlet 4-4 and gradually increasing sectional area towards the end of the total air outlet 4-5, and the upper straight line of the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 is composed of cooling sections 2-2 arranged in a straight line;
the wind enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 from the main air inlet 4-4, then enters the branch cooling channels 4-2 to be contacted with the surface of the cooling section 2-2, enters the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 to be converged and then is discharged from the main air outlet 4-5.
The structural design of the trapezoid air inlet and outlet cavity is beneficial to uniform distribution of air quantity in each branch cooling channel 4-2. Compared with serial ventilation, the parallel ventilation design can reduce heat transfer deterioration caused by air temperature rise and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery pack. The trapezoid cavity is designed to enable cooling air to be uniformly distributed in each cooling flow channel, and uneven temperature of the battery pack caused by uneven cooling air quantity is avoided.
The circulating water pump is turned on or turned off according to the temperature condition of the battery. When the temperature of the battery exceeds a set value, the circulating water pump is started, and the cooling liquid is distributed to the liquid inlet pipelines (6-1, 6-2 and 6-3) through the constant temperature water tank, and then distributed to each spray head and sprayed to the heat pipe cooling section 2-2 for jet heat exchange. Compared with the conventional convection heat exchange, the jet flow heat exchange has higher heat exchange coefficient, the required cooling liquid amount is smaller, and the heat dissipation is more concentrated.
The spray heads may be arranged in the notches of the partition plates 4-6 of the adjacent branch cooling passages 4-2 at the same level as the cooling sections 2-2. The surface of the spray head facing the cooling sections 2-2 of the heat pipes on both sides is provided with one or more jet holes. The number of jet holes on the jet head can be further optimally designed according to the heating value of the battery. The spray head is connected with the liquid inlet pipeline, and when the circulating water pump is started, the spray head sprays cooling liquid to the heat pipe cooling sections 2-2 at the two sides.
The invention divides the spray head array into three rows. In specific applications, the number of rows of the spray heads and the liquid inlet pipelines can be moderately increased or decreased in the earlier design according to the size and the temperature distribution of the battery.
The high-efficiency thermal management system of a large power battery further comprises:
a nozzle array 5 for spraying the cooling liquid to the cooling section 2-2;
a thermostatic water tank for maintaining the internal liquid at a set temperature by cooling or heating;
a circulating water pump for conveying the liquid in the constant temperature water tank to the nozzle array 5;
a gas-liquid separator for separating gas and liquid;
an electric heater for heating air;
a fan for feeding air into the total air inlet 4-4 of the cooling bellows 4;
the gas-liquid inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the total air outlet 4-5 of the cooling air box 4;
the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the external atmosphere (the external atmosphere is hereinafter referred to as the atmosphere); the liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet end of the constant-temperature water tank through a pipeline; the outlet end of the constant temperature water tank is connected with the water inlet of the circulating water pump through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the circulating water pump is connected with the spray head array 5 arranged in the cooling bellows 4 through a pipeline connection pipeline;
the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is also sequentially connected with a second stop valve and an electric heater for heating air in the pipeline in series through the pipeline; the air outlet of the electric heater is connected with the inlet end of the fan.
Each nozzle of the nozzle array 5 is arranged on the partition plate 4-6, and the spraying direction corresponds to the cooling section 2-2 of the flat heat pipe.
And a graphite sheet 3 is clamped between the evaporation section 2-1 and the surface of the single battery 1.
The circulating water pump is a variable-frequency circulating water pump.
The invention relates to a control method of a high-efficiency thermal management system of a large-scale power battery, which comprises a battery pack heat dissipation step and a battery pack heating step; the method comprises the following steps:
1. battery pack heat dissipation step
Air cooling:
the fan is started, the second stop valve is closed, and the first stop valve is opened;
the heat generated during the operation of the battery pack is transferred to the cooling section 2-2 through the heat conduction effect of the evaporation section 2-1 of the flat heat pipe 2, cooling air enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 from the total air inlet 4-4 of the cooling bellows 4, then enters the branch cooling channels 4-2 to be in contact with the surface of the cooling section 2-2, after realizing heat exchange, enters the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 to be collected and then is discharged from the total air outlet 4-5, and then is discharged to the atmosphere from the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator, so that the heat of the battery pack is discharged to the atmosphere, and meanwhile, cold air from the atmosphere is delivered to the total air inlet 4-4 of the cooling bellows 4 by a fan; cycling in this way;
and (3) water cooling:
the air cooling step is kept unchanged; when the temperature of the battery pack is higher than a set value, the circulating water pump is started, and cooling liquid flows to each spray head of the spray head array 5 through the constant-temperature water tank respectively; the spray head sprays cooling liquid to the cooling section 2-2 to form jet heat exchange, after the heat exchange, the cooling liquid drops to the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 at the bottom of the cooling bellows 4 along each branch cooling channel 4-2 under the action of gravity, and enters the gas-liquid separator together with cooling air through the main air outlet 4-5; after passing through the gas-liquid separator, cooling air is discharged to the atmosphere, and cooling liquid enters the constant-temperature water tank; finally, the cooling liquid is returned to the cooling bellows 4 by a circulating water pump, and cold air enters the cooling bellows 4 from the atmosphere through a fan; cycling in this way;
after the water cooling step is started, the temperature of the battery pack begins to drop, when the temperature drops to the preset temperature, the water cooling step is closed, all spray heads stop spraying, and only the air cooling operation is kept to continue running; when the temperature of the battery pack rises to the preset temperature again, the water cooling step starts to operate again.
When the water cooling step is started, the power of each circulating water pump can be adjusted according to the local temperature distribution condition of the battery pack so as to increase or decrease the spraying flow of the corresponding row of spray heads in step 5, and further change the local temperature distribution of the battery pack, so that the whole temperature of the battery pack is uniformly distributed.
After the water cooling step is started, the temperature of the battery pack begins to drop, when the temperature drops to the preset temperature, the water cooling step is closed, all spray heads stop spraying, and only the air cooling operation is kept to continue running; when the temperature of the battery pack rises to the preset temperature again, the water cooling step starts to operate again.
2. Battery pack heating step
Wind heat step:
starting a fan, starting an electric heater, closing a first stop valve and opening a second stop valve;
the air enters the cooling bellows 4 after being heated by the electric heater; at this time, the evaporation section 2-1 of the flat heat pipe 2 is changed into the current cooling section, and the cooling section 2-2 is changed into the current evaporation section; the hot air which continuously flows enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity 4-1 from the main air inlet 4-4 of the cooling bellows 4, then enters the branch cooling channels 4-2 to be contacted with the surface of the existing evaporation section, heat exchange is completed, and then the heat of the hot air is transferred to the battery pack; the air after heat exchange enters the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 to be collected and then enters the gas-liquid separator from the main air outlet 4-5, and is discharged to the atmosphere from the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator;
and (3) a hydrothermal step:
starting the constant temperature water tank to be in a heating mode; the liquid in the constant temperature water tank is heated to a specified temperature, and the temperature can be set to 20-35 ℃ generally according to the situation.
Starting a circulating water pump;
the liquid in the constant temperature water tank flows to each nozzle of the nozzle array 5 respectively; the spray head sprays hot liquid to the existing evaporation section to form jet heat exchange, so that heat is transferred to the battery pack; after heat exchange, liquid drops to the trapezoid air outlet cavity 4-3 at the bottom of the cooling bellows 4 along each branch cooling channel 4-2 under the action of gravity, and enters the gas-liquid separator together with the air after heat exchange through the main air outlet 4-5; after passing through the gas-liquid separator, the gas is discharged to the atmosphere, and the liquid enters the constant temperature water tank; and circulating until the temperature of the battery pack reaches the set temperature.
The invention has higher adaptability, can change the cooling liquid with higher heat conductivity coefficient and larger specific heat capacity according to the heat dissipation requirement of the battery with higher energy density and different use environments, and can correspondingly adopt different working ranges or different types of heat pipes.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention should be made and equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high-efficiency thermal management system of a large-scale power battery comprises a battery pack formed by a plurality of single batteries (1) and a flat heat pipe (2); the method is characterized in that: one side of the battery pack is provided with a cooling bellows (4);
the flat heat pipes (2) are formed by a plurality of flat heat pipe arrays which are divided into at least one row or more than two rows, each evaporation section (2-1) of the flat heat pipes is orderly clamped by each single battery (1) and is attached between the single batteries (1), and the wall plates of each cooling section (2-2) orderly penetrate through the cooling air box (4) and extend into the cooling air box (4); when more than two rows are adopted, the two rows are sequentially arranged in an array from top to bottom along the length direction of the battery;
a partition board (4-6) is arranged between each cooling section (2-2) in the cooling bellows (4), and an independent branch cooling channel (4-2) of the cooling section (2-2) is formed between every two adjacent partition boards (4-6);
the cooling bellows (4) comprises a total air inlet (4-4) and a total air outlet (4-5); the total air inlet (4-4) is arranged on the upper side of one end of the cooling air box, and the total air outlet (4-5) is arranged on the lower side of the other end of the cooling air box (4);
the top plate of the cooling bellows (4) gradually and linearly inclines downwards from the end of the main air inlet (4-4) to the end of the main air outlet (4-5) to form a trapezoid air inlet cavity (4-1) with the largest cross section at the end of the main air inlet (4-4) and gradually reduced cross section towards the tail end, and the bottom edge of the trapezoid air inlet cavity (4-1) is linearly formed by cooling sections (2-2) arranged in a straight line;
the bottom plate of the cooling bellows (4) gradually inclines downwards in a straight line from the end of the main air inlet (4-4) to the end of the main air outlet (4-5), so that a trapezoid air outlet cavity (4-3) with the smallest cross section at the end of the main air inlet (4-4) and gradually increased cross section towards the end of the main air outlet (4-5) is formed, and the upper straight line of the trapezoid air outlet cavity (4-3) is formed by cooling sections (2-2) which are arranged in a straight line;
the wind enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity (4-1) from the main air inlet (4-4), then enters the trapezoid air outlet cavity (4-3) after entering the cooling channels (4-2) to contact with the surface of the cooling section (2-2), and is discharged from the main air outlet (4-5).
2. The efficient thermal management system of a large power cell of claim 1, further comprising:
a nozzle array (5) for spraying the cooling liquid to the cooling section (2-2);
a thermostatic water tank for maintaining the internal liquid at a set temperature by cooling or heating;
a circulating water pump for conveying the liquid in the constant temperature water tank to the nozzle array (5);
a gas-liquid separator for separating gas and liquid;
an electric heater for heating air;
a fan for feeding air into the main air inlet (4-4) of the cooling bellows (4);
the gas-liquid inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the total air outlet (4-5) of the cooling air box (4);
the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the atmosphere; the liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet end of the constant-temperature water tank through a pipeline; the outlet end of the constant temperature water tank is connected with the water inlet of the circulating water pump through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the circulating water pump is connected with a spray head array (5) arranged in the cooling bellows (4) through a pipeline connection pipeline;
the air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator is also sequentially connected with a second stop valve and an electric heater for heating air in the pipeline in series through the pipeline; the air outlet of the electric heater is connected with the inlet end of the fan.
3. A high efficiency thermal management system for a large power battery according to claim 2, wherein each nozzle of the nozzle array (5) is arranged on a partition plate (4-6), the direction of the spray corresponding to the cooling section (2-2) of the flat heat pipe.
4. A high efficiency thermal management system for a large power battery according to claim 2, wherein graphite sheet (3) is sandwiched between the evaporation section (2-1) and the surface of the unit cell (1).
5. The efficient thermal management system of a large power cell of claim 2, wherein the circulating water pump is a variable frequency circulating water pump.
6. A control method of the high efficiency thermal management system of a large power battery of claim 3, comprising a battery pack heat dissipation step and a battery pack heating step;
1. battery pack heat dissipation step
Air cooling:
the fan is started, the second stop valve is closed, and the first stop valve is opened;
the heat generated during the operation of the battery pack is transferred to the cooling section (2-2) through the heat conduction effect of the evaporation section (2-1) of the flat heat pipe (2), cooling air enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity (4-1) from the total air inlet (4-4) of the cooling air box (4), then enters the branch cooling channels (4-2) to be in contact with the surface of the cooling section (2-2), enters the trapezoid air outlet cavity (4-3) after heat exchange is realized, is collected and then is discharged from the total air outlet (4-5), and is discharged to the atmosphere from the air outlet end of the air-liquid separator, so that the heat of the battery pack is discharged to the atmosphere, and meanwhile, cold air from the atmosphere is delivered to the total air inlet (4-4) of the cooling air box (4) by a fan; cycling in this way;
and (3) water cooling:
the air cooling step is kept unchanged; when the temperature of the battery pack is higher than a set value, the circulating water pump is started, and cooling liquid flows to each spray head of the spray head array (5) through the constant-temperature water tank respectively; the spray head sprays cooling liquid to the cooling section (2-2) to form jet heat exchange, after the heat exchange, the cooling liquid drips to a trapezoid air outlet cavity (4-3) at the bottom of the cooling bellows (4) along each branch cooling channel (4-2) under the action of gravity, and enters the gas-liquid separator together with cooling air through a main air outlet (4-5); after passing through the gas-liquid separator, cooling air is discharged to the atmosphere, and cooling liquid enters the constant-temperature water tank; finally, the cooling liquid is returned to the cooling bellows (4) by a circulating water pump, and cold air enters the cooling bellows (4) from the atmosphere through a fan; cycling in this way;
2. battery pack heating step
Wind heat step:
starting a fan, starting an electric heater, closing a first stop valve and opening a second stop valve;
the air enters a cooling air box (4) after being heated by an electric heater; at the moment, the evaporation section (2-1) of the flat heat pipe (2) is changed into a current cooling section, and the cooling section (2-2) is changed into a current evaporation section; the continuously flowing hot air enters the trapezoid air inlet cavity (4-1) from the total air inlet (4-4) of the cooling bellows (4), then enters the branch cooling channels (4-2) to be in contact with the surface of the existing evaporation section, heat exchange is completed, and then the heat of the hot air is transferred to the battery pack; the air after heat exchange enters a trapezoid air outlet cavity (4-3) to be collected and then enters a gas-liquid separator from a main air outlet (4-5), and is discharged to the atmosphere from an air outlet end of the gas-liquid separator;
and (3) a hydrothermal step:
starting the constant temperature water tank to be in a heating mode; heating the liquid in the constant temperature water tank to a specified temperature;
starting a circulating water pump;
the liquid in the constant temperature water tank flows to each nozzle of the nozzle array (5) respectively; the spray head sprays hot liquid to the existing evaporation section to form jet heat exchange, so that heat is transferred to the battery pack; after heat exchange, liquid drips to a trapezoid air outlet cavity (4-3) at the bottom of the cooling bellows (4) along each branch cooling channel (4-2) under the action of gravity, and enters a gas-liquid separator from a main air outlet (4-5) together with air after heat exchange; after passing through the gas-liquid separator, the gas is discharged to the atmosphere, and the liquid enters the constant temperature water tank; and circulating until the temperature of the battery pack reaches the set temperature.
7. The method for controlling an efficient thermal management system for a large power battery according to claim 6, wherein: when the water cooling step is started, the power of each circulating water pump can be adjusted according to the local temperature distribution condition of the battery pack so as to increase or decrease the spraying flow of the corresponding row of spray heads in the spray head array (5), thereby changing the local temperature distribution of the battery pack and enabling the whole temperature of the battery pack to be uniformly distributed;
after the water cooling step is started, the temperature of the battery pack begins to drop, when the temperature drops to the preset temperature, the water cooling step is closed, all spray heads stop spraying, and only the air cooling operation is kept to continue running; when the temperature of the battery pack rises to the preset temperature again, the water cooling step starts to operate again.
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