CN109888432B - Lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase-change material heat storage - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase-change material heat storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN109888432B CN109888432B CN201910076166.4A CN201910076166A CN109888432B CN 109888432 B CN109888432 B CN 109888432B CN 201910076166 A CN201910076166 A CN 201910076166A CN 109888432 B CN109888432 B CN 109888432B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery thermal management technology, in particular to a lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage, which comprises a battery box (1), a battery (2), a controller (15), a temperature sensor (16), a heat pipe (3), a heat preservation chamber (13) and a spray chamber (6), the temperature sensor (16) is arranged in the battery box (1), one end of the heat pipe (3) is contacted with the battery (2), and the two branched sections of the heat pipe (3) respectively extend into the heat preservation chamber (13) and the spray chamber (6), a spraying mechanism is arranged in the spraying chamber (6), a container (17), a phase-change material (12) and a lifting mechanism (11) are arranged in the heat preservation chamber (13), and the system can obtain effective heat when cold starting is carried out under a low-temperature condition so as to heat the battery; meanwhile, the lithium ion battery can quickly and efficiently dissipate heat and reduce the surface temperature gradient when the lithium ion battery excessively heats.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery thermal management technology, in particular to a lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase-change material heat storage.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long service life, no memory effect and the like, and is widely applied to various modern industrial products such as mobile phones, electric automobiles and the like as energy storage equipment. It should also be noted that the performance and lifetime of lithium ion batteries are very sensitive to operating temperature: the low temperature can cause the low charge and discharge efficiency of the lithium ion battery, and even the lithium ion battery can not be started; when the temperature is too high or the temperature distribution in the battery is not uniform, the service life of the lithium ion battery can be rapidly reduced, and even serious safety accidents such as battery spontaneous combustion can occur. Therefore, in order to ensure that the working temperature of the lithium ion battery is always in a proper range and eliminate the large internal temperature difference as much as possible, a battery thermal management technology capable of coping with cold and hot temperature conditions and efficiently and accurately controlling the temperature is urgently needed to be developed.
The existing battery thermal management technology (including heat dissipation and heat supply functions) mainly utilizes three media: air, liquid, and phase change material. Air and liquid (e.g., aqueous glycol solution) based thermal management techniques have been developed primarily to transport the liquid across the cell surface, either with air or with tubing, to remove heat from the cell surface, equalize its surface temperature, or to reverse the heat transfer from an external heat source to the cell for heat supply (cold start-up for cold weather conditions). As for the phase change material-based thermal management technology, the huge phase change latent heat of the phase change material is utilized to carry out heat dissipation or heat supply management on the battery. Currently, air thermal management systems are the most common in the development of lithium ion battery thermal management systems. However, the air heat exchange coefficient is limited, and the system cannot well meet the heat dissipation requirement of the lithium ion battery under the condition of high-power discharge. Meanwhile, the air thermal management system cannot meet the requirement of the uniformity of the surface temperature of the battery at all in most cases. Compared with air, the heat exchange coefficient of the liquid is improved, and the heat transfer effect is better. The liquid media that can be selected for use are subject to a number of limitations. For example, if the liquid is in direct contact with the cell, the liquid must have high insulating properties, but this can make the liquid too viscous, thereby increasing the cost of operating the system. If a conductive liquid is chosen, the liquid must be isolated from the cell to avoid liquid leakage, thereby ensuring reliable cell operation and system safety. As for the thermal management system using the phase change material, it is still in the development stage. However, most phase change materials have low thermal conductivity, and the internal phase change of the phase change materials is nonuniform, so that thermal runaway of the battery is caused. Meanwhile, under the working condition of large heat generation quantity, when the phase change material is completely changed in phase, the related heat management system basically loses the heat dissipation capacity. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the development of heat pipe based thermal management technology has been dramatically advanced in recent years. The heat pipe is light and compact, has strong heat conduction capability, and is very suitable for engineering application of electric automobiles and the like with specific requirements on space and load. However, the heat pipe is only a heat transfer device, and the related heat management design also needs to consider the assistance of other devices such as a heat exchanger and a fan.
In summary, the rapid development of lithium ion batteries, especially after having the function of quick charge and quick discharge, increases the heat generation of the batteries. Meanwhile, more and more projects actually require that lithium ion batteries can operate reliably under various climatic conditions. Therefore, higher and more demanding requirements are placed on the design and performance of their thermal management systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage is provided, and the system can obtain effective heat when cold starting is carried out under a low-temperature condition so as to heat the battery; meanwhile, the lithium ion battery can quickly and efficiently dissipate heat and reduce the surface temperature gradient when the lithium ion battery excessively heats.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage comprises a battery box, a battery arranged in the battery box, a controller, a temperature sensor, a heat pipe, a heat preservation chamber and a spray chamber, the temperature sensor is arranged in the battery box, one end of the heat pipe is arranged in the battery box and is contacted with the battery, and the other end of the heat pipe is branched into two sections, and the two branched sections respectively extend into the heat preservation chamber and the spray chamber, a spraying mechanism used for cooling the branch section of the heat pipe extending into the spraying chamber is arranged in the spraying chamber, the heat preservation indoor is equipped with container, holding and is used for storing or releasing thermal phase change material and is used for driving the container and goes up and down and then makes phase change material contact or break away from the elevating system of heat pipe branching section in the container, it all is connected with the controller electricity to spray mechanism, elevating system and temperature sensor.
Preferably, the heat pipe disposed in the battery box is flat, and the branch sections of the heat pipe disposed in the heat preservation chamber and the spray chamber are cylindrical.
Preferably, the number of the batteries is at least two, one end of the heat pipe arranged in the battery box is clamped between the two batteries, and one end of the heat pipe arranged in the battery box is tightly attached to the surface of the battery through the heat-conducting silicone grease.
Preferably, the heat pipe is U-shaped, the bent end of the U-shaped heat pipe is arranged between the batteries in the battery box, the other end of the U-shaped heat pipe is provided with two branch sections, one branch section of the U-shaped heat pipe extends into the spray chamber, and the other branch section of the U-shaped heat pipe extends into the heat preservation chamber.
Preferably, the heat pipe is a sintered heat pipe with a capillary structure inside.
Preferably, waterproof layers are arranged among the battery box, the heat preservation chamber and the spraying chamber, and the surface of the heat preservation chamber is wrapped by a heat insulation layer.
Preferably, the spraying mechanism comprises an atomizing nozzle, a water pump and a water tank which are sequentially connected, the water pump is electrically connected with the controller, and the bottom of the spraying chamber is communicated with the water tank through a water pipe.
Preferably, a fan is further arranged in the spraying chamber, and the fan is electrically connected with the controller.
Preferably, the two sections of the heat pipe which are branched and are positioned on the spray chamber and the heat preservation chamber are both provided with fin structures.
Preferably, the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 28-32 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages by adopting the structure:
1) the invention can use the most appropriate heat management strategy according to different external environment temperatures and different working states of the battery, can effectively and quickly dissipate heat when the heating temperature of the battery is high, and can supply heat to the battery under the low-temperature condition or cold start, thereby avoiding the working temperature of the battery from being too low.
2) The invention fully utilizes the characteristics of temperature uniformity and reversibility of heat transfer direction of the heat pipe, ensures that the battery works in a proper temperature range under any condition and has smaller surface temperature difference.
3) The invention adopts a spray cooling technology, changes cooling water into fine water drops, sprays the water drops on the surface of the cold end of the heat pipe, and evaporates the water drops, thereby taking away the heat of the battery transmitted by the heat pipe. Compared with the traditional air cooling or liquid cooling, the heat dissipation mode is more efficient and rapid, and can better meet the high-power discharge working condition.
4) The invention uses phase change materials. On one hand, the latent heat of phase change of the material is utilized to assist the heat pipe spraying system to carry out rapid heat dissipation and cooling. On the other hand, the phase-change material is used as a heat storage material after obtaining heat, and the heat is transmitted back to the battery at night or at low temperature, so that the temperature of the battery is effectively regulated, and the battery can be kept in a proper temperature range in cold weather or at night. Compared with the traditional electric heating mode, the heat storage mode of the invention is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
5) The invention adopts a heat management mode combining spray cooling and phase change heat storage, and only a water pump and a water tank are needed outside a battery box, a spray chamber and a heat preservation chamber. The traditional liquid cooling heat management also needs an additional radiator. Therefore, the heat management mode of the invention has more compact structure and small system complexity, and is more beneficial to saving space and reducing system weight.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pipe in a lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage according to the present invention.
As shown in the figure: 1. a battery box; 2. a battery; 3. a heat pipe; 4. an atomizing nozzle; 5. a fan; 6. a spray chamber; 7. a water pump; 8. a water tank; 9. a water pipe; 10. a thermal insulation layer; 11. a lifting mechanism; 12. a phase change material; 13. a heat preservation chamber; 14. a waterproof layer; 15. a controller; 16. a temperature sensor; 17. a container.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following detailed description.
As shown in the figure, in the first embodiment: the utility model provides a lithium ion battery thermal management system who contains spray cooling and phase change material heat-retaining, includes controller 15, battery box 1, heat preservation room 13 and shower 6, wherein:
a battery 2, a heat pipe 3 and a temperature sensor 16 are arranged in the battery box 1, wherein the heat pipe 3 is U-shaped, two through holes are arranged on the battery box 1, extending parts at two ends of the U-shaped heat pipe 3 respectively penetrate through the two through holes on the battery box 1 and extend into the heat preservation chamber 13 and the spray chamber 6, the heat pipe 3 in the battery box 1 is flat, the extending parts of the heat pipe 3 in the heat preservation chamber 13 and the spray chamber 6 are cylindrical, the temperature sensor 16 is electrically connected with a controller 15, and a temperature signal detected by the temperature sensor 16 is mainly transmitted to the controller 15;
a spraying mechanism is arranged in the spraying chamber 6, the spraying mechanism mainly comprises an atomizing nozzle 4, a water pump 7 and a water tank 8, the bottom of the spraying chamber 6 is also communicated with the water tank 8 through a water pipe 9, the water pump 7 is electrically connected with a controller 15, and the water pump 7 is mainly controlled to work through the controller 15;
the heat preservation chamber 13 is internally provided with a container 17, a phase-change material 12 accommodated in the container 17 and a lifting mechanism 11 for driving the container 17 to lift, wherein the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material 12 is 28-32 ℃, and the lifting mechanism 11 is a common small lifting device which can be bought on the market and is very conventional, so the lifting mechanism is not developed in detail in the specific embodiment of the application;
the controller 15 is mainly used for receiving the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor 16 and then controlling some electrical devices, such as the water pump 7, the lifting mechanism 11, etc., so that the controller is conventional and commercially available, so that the controller is not detailed in this embodiment, when the lifting mechanism 11 is lifted, the container 17 for placing the phase change material 12 is lifted to make the phase change material 12 therein fully contact with the heat pipe 3, and when the lifting mechanism 11 is lowered, the container 17 is lowered to separate the heat pipe 3 from the phase change material 12 in the container 17.
And waterproof materials are required to be coated between the heat pipe and the two through holes to form a waterproof layer 14, the surface of the heat preservation chamber 13 is wrapped with a heat insulation layer 10 made of heat preservation and insulation materials, and the heat preservation and insulation materials are glass wool or foamed plastics and the like.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference from the first embodiment is that in the second embodiment, the heat pipe 3 in the battery box 1 is flat, and the extension or branch section of the heat pipe 3 in the soak chamber 13 and the spray chamber 6 is cylindrical, so that the heat pipe 3 in the battery box 1 can better contact with the battery 2, the extension or branch section of the heat pipe 3 in the soak chamber 13 can better contact with the phase change material 12, and the extension or branch section of the heat pipe 3 in the spray chamber 6 can better contact with the mist generated after spraying.
The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a fan 5 is further disposed in the spray chamber in the third embodiment, the fan 5 is electrically connected to the controller 15, and the fan 5 is mounted on the wall surface of the spray chamber 6 to generate air flow, so as to accelerate the evaporation of water droplets on the surface of the heat pipe 3.
The working principle of the application is as follows: when the battery does not work, the water pump and the fan are closed, and the lifting mechanism is adjusted to the highest point, so that the phase-change material is in full contact with the branch section of the heat pipe in the heat preservation chamber. After the battery starts to work, along with the temperature rise of the battery, the heat of the battery is transferred to two heat pipe branch sections respectively positioned in the spray chamber and the heat preservation chamber through the heat pipe. In the heat-insulating chamber, the heat is quickly absorbed by the phase-change material. When the temperature of the phase-change material rises to its melting point, the phase-change material changes phase, and the heat transferred from the battery to the holding chamber is stored by the phase-change material in the form of latent heat, which also changes from a solid state to a liquid state. When all the phase-change materials are changed into liquid state (at the moment, the judgment is mainly carried out through the temperature sensor, and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is 3-5 ℃ higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change materials, the phase-change materials are judged to be completely changed into liquid state), if the temperature of the battery is continuously increased, the controller can command the lifting mechanism to descend, separate the phase-change materials from the branch sections of the heat pipes, and start the water pump and the fan. The shower chamber then functions as the primary heat sink. Specifically, under the drive of the water pump, water in the water tank passes through the water pipe, is sprayed on the surface of a heat pipe of the spray chamber after being atomized by the nozzle, and then is evaporated, the flowing air can rapidly take away heat, water drops which are not evaporated yet can drip to the lower part of the spray chamber along the heat pipe, and the water is guided back to the water tank by the water pipe. When the controller detects that the temperature in the battery box returns to the temperature range suitable for the battery to work again, the controller commands the water pump and the fan to be turned off.
On the other hand, if the battery which does not work is exposed to cold weather or at night for a long time (which is also judged by the temperature sensor, and when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the battery box is lower than a set threshold value, the battery box is judged to be too cold), when the battery is started again, the controller firstly commands the lifting mechanism to ascend to enable the phase-change material to be in full contact with the cylindrical section of the heat pipe in the heat preservation chamber. The latent heat stored in the phase change material is released to the heat pipe and then transferred to the battery, so that the internal temperature of the battery is raised to a suitable level. Therefore, the battery can be ensured to be started normally after cold start in cold environment.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a contain lithium ion battery thermal management system who sprays cooling and phase change material heat-retaining, includes battery box (1) and sets up battery (2) in battery box (1), its characterized in that: the solar battery pack is characterized by further comprising a controller (15), a temperature sensor (16), a heat pipe (3), a heat preservation chamber (13) and a spray chamber (6), wherein the temperature sensor (16) is arranged in the battery box (1), one end of the heat pipe (3) is arranged in the battery box (1) and is in contact with a battery (2), the other end of the heat pipe (3) is bifurcated into two sections, the two bifurcated sections respectively extend into the heat preservation chamber (13) and the spray chamber (6), a spray mechanism used for cooling the bifurcated section of the heat pipe (3) extending into the spray chamber is arranged in the spray chamber (6), a container (17), a phase-change material (12) accommodated in the container (17) and used for storing or releasing heat and a lifting mechanism (11) used for driving the container (17) to lift so that the phase-change material (12) is in contact with or is separated from the bifurcated section of the heat pipe (3) are arranged in the heat preservation chamber (13), the spraying mechanism, the lifting mechanism (11) and the temperature sensor (16) are electrically connected with the controller;
the heat pipe (3) is U-shaped, the bent end of the U-shaped heat pipe is arranged between batteries in the battery box (1), the other end of the U-shaped heat pipe is provided with two branched sections, one branched section of the U-shaped heat pipe extends into the spray chamber (6), and the other branched section of the U-shaped heat pipe extends into the heat preservation chamber (13).
2. The lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage of claim 1, characterized in that: the heat pipes (3) arranged in the battery box are flat, and the branch sections of the heat pipes (3) arranged in the heat preservation chamber (13) and the spray chamber (6) are cylindrical.
3. The lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage of claim 2, characterized in that: the battery box is characterized in that at least two batteries (2) are arranged, one end of a heat pipe (3) arranged in the battery box (1) is clamped between the two batteries (2), and one end of the heat pipe (3) arranged in the battery box (1) is tightly attached to the surface of the battery (2) through heat conduction silicone grease.
4. The lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage of claim 1, characterized in that: the heat pipe (3) is a sintered heat pipe with a capillary structure inside.
5. The lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage of claim 1, characterized in that: waterproof layers (14) are arranged between the battery box (1) and the heat preservation chamber (13) and between the battery box and the spray chamber (6), and a heat insulation layer (10) wraps the surface of the heat preservation chamber (13).
6. The lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage of claim 1, characterized in that: the spraying mechanism comprises an atomizing nozzle (4), a water pump (7) and a water tank (8) which are connected in sequence, the water pump (7) is electrically connected with a controller (15), and the bottom of the spraying chamber (6) is communicated with the water tank (8) through a water pipe (9).
7. The lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage of claim 1, characterized in that: a fan (5) is further arranged in the spray chamber (6), and the fan (5) is electrically connected with the controller (15).
8. The lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage of claim 1, characterized in that: the heat pipe (3) is bifurcated and is provided with fin structures on two sections of the spray chamber and the heat preservation chamber.
9. The lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase change material heat storage of claim 1, characterized in that: the phase change temperature of the phase change material (12) is 28-32 ℃.
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| CN201910076166.4A CN109888432B (en) | 2019-01-26 | 2019-01-26 | Lithium ion battery thermal management system containing spray cooling and phase-change material heat storage |
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| CN109888432B true CN109888432B (en) | 2021-11-05 |
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| CN113097594B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-11-02 | 宁波诺丁汉大学 | Lithium ion battery thermal management method based on movable fins and phase-change material |
| CN113206322A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-03 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Air-cooled heat pipe composite heat dissipation structure of battery pack |
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| DE102009058842A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Continental Automotive GmbH, 30165 | Device and method for controlling the temperature of vehicles |
| CN106654430A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学 | Heat pipe and phase-change material-based low-temperature power battery heat management system |
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| CN108281736A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-13 | 陈攀攀 | A kind of cooling device that rectangle power battery is stacked |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107887671B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-03-13 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | All-weather effective thermal management system for lithium ion battery pack |
| CN106450575B (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2019-03-05 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of cooling heat management system with thermal protection of combination heat pipe |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009058842A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Continental Automotive GmbH, 30165 | Device and method for controlling the temperature of vehicles |
| CN106654430A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学 | Heat pipe and phase-change material-based low-temperature power battery heat management system |
| CN107768773A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-06 | 华南理工大学 | The High Efficiency Thermal management system and control method of a kind of large-sized power battery |
| CN108281736A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-13 | 陈攀攀 | A kind of cooling device that rectangle power battery is stacked |
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