CN113557331A - 通过表面处理提高纸强度 - Google Patents
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Abstract
这种用于处理纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一的方法包括以下的相继步骤:i)提供多糖的水性悬浮液S,ii)提供水性分散体D,其包含(a)至少一种阴离子水溶胀性聚合物P的颗粒和(b)至少一种选自以下的化合物:无机盐、有机盐、分散性有机聚合物及其混合物,iii)将悬浮液S和分散体D混合以获得混合物M;iv)将混合物M施加到纸的表面和/或其层上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于处理纸表面以改善其机械强度的方法。
背景技术
在通过叠加纸层获得的纸和/或纸板的情况下,重要的是在层之间具有粘合力以改善纸在其厚度中的内聚力。在过去使用淀粉如玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或化学改性淀粉作为用于增强层结合的试剂。做法是将淀粉悬浮液沉积/喷雾到湿纸上,然后在干燥过程中促进淀粉糊化以用于改善粘合力。
然而,当干燥曲线(profil)过于剧烈时,由于这会导致从沉积在纸表面的淀粉浆中快速去除水,因此观察到纸的机械性能下降。
这是因为,淀粉颗粒需要高温、水和时间来“爆裂/爆炸”,从而使淀粉糊化。正是糊化的淀粉提供了机械性能。如果沉积在表面的浆料中的水由于过于剧烈的干燥曲线或者由于纸中吸水过快而被过快地去除,则所述颗粒原样干燥而不会糊化,因而不会带来任何性能。
更近地,已将聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)类型的干强度剂与淀粉组合使用。由于PAM类型的合成大分子,因而可以最大限度地减少与使用淀粉水溶液相关的问题例如COD(化学需氧量)增加,源自天然物质如淀粉的霉/细菌的形成,喷嘴必要且繁重的维护。这还限制了纸内和水回路中的淀粉损失。
尽管如此,到目前为止,所有与淀粉组合测试的干强度剂都是水溶性聚合物。
发明内容
本申请人令人惊奇地发现,通过将多糖和水性分散体的混合物施加到纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一上,则抗分层的机械性能更高,该水性分散体包含(a)至少一种阴离子水溶胀性聚合物的颗粒和(b)至少一种选自以下的化合物:无机盐、有机盐、分散性有机聚合物及其混合物。不希望受限于任何理论,看来该水溶胀性聚合物的保水能力赋予淀粉颗粒以对剧烈干燥条件更有弹性的湿气氛,从而改善淀粉的糊化。
本发明因而涉及一种用于处理纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一的方法,包括以下的相继步骤:
i)提供多糖的水性悬浮液S,
ii)提供水性分散体D,其包含(a)至少一种阴离子水溶胀性聚合物P的颗粒和(b)至少一种选自以下的化合物:无机盐、有机盐、分散性有机聚合物及其混合物,
iii)将悬浮液S和分散体D混合以获得混合物M;
iv)将混合物M施加到纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一上。
本发明的方法可以在湿或干纸上、优选在湿纸上实施。在本发明的上下文中,术语“湿纸”被理解为是指进入干燥器之前的来自生产过程的纸。
有利地,水性悬浮液S在水中包含0.5-30%质量并且更有利地为5-20%质量的多糖。
优选地,该多糖选自天然淀粉,直链淀粉,支链淀粉,纤维素和衍生自纤维素的化合物,改性淀粉如酶处理淀粉,水解淀粉,加热淀粉,阳离子淀粉,例如由淀粉与用于形成季铵盐的叔胺的反应所获得的那些,阴离子淀粉,两性淀粉;及它们的任意组合。
优选地,该多糖是天然淀粉。该天然淀粉是无后续改性的淀粉提取产物。
在本发明方法的步骤ii)中使用的水溶胀性聚合物P也被称为超吸收性聚合物。一般来说,它的吸水能力是其体积的10倍以上。对于本发明方法来说特别有利的是,在该分散体内,该水溶胀性聚合物不水溶胀或不太水溶胀(peu hydrogonflé)。不太水溶胀是指它保持(garder)吸水能力超过其体积的10倍以上。
在本发明方法的步骤ii)中使用的水溶胀性聚合物P是阴离子的,这意味着其产生的电荷是负的。这种聚合物可以由不同的水溶性单体制备,特别是由至少一种包含至少一个烯属双键的水溶性单体制备。它因而可以由单独的或作为混合物的以下物质制备:至少一种阴离子单体、至少一种非离子单体、至少一种阳离子单体或至少一种两性离子单体。一般而言,在本发明方法中使用的水溶胀性聚合物P通过交联获得并因此形成三维网络。
作为阴离子单体的实例,有利地使用选自以下的至少一种单体:
-包含至少一个羧基官能团的单体,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸及其盐;
-包含至少一个磺酸官能团的单体,例如2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、烯丙基磺酸和甲代烯丙基磺酸及其盐。
作为非离子单体的实例,有利地使用选自以下的至少一种单体:
-丙烯酰胺及其衍生物,特别是N-烷基丙烯酰胺,例如N-异丙基丙烯酰胺,N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺;N,N-二烷基丙烯酰胺,例如N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺;
-甲基丙烯酰胺及其衍生物,特别是N-烷基甲基丙烯酰胺,例如N-异丙基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-叔丁基甲基丙烯酰胺;N,N-二烷基甲基丙烯酰胺,例如N,N-二甲基甲基丙烯酰胺和N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺;
-乙烯基甲酰胺,N-乙烯基吡啶,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,丙烯酸羟烷基酯,甲基丙烯酸羟烷基酯,携带烷氧基链的丙烯酸酯;携带烷氧基链的甲基丙烯酸酯。
作为阳离子单体的实例,有利地使用选自以下的至少一种单体:
-二烯丙基二烷基铵盐,例如二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DADMAC);
-丙烯酸二烷基氨基烷基酯,甲基丙烯酸二烷基氨基烷基酯,特别是丙烯酸二烷基氨基乙基酯(ADAME)和甲基丙烯酸二烷基氨基乙基酯(MADAME),以及其酸化或季铵化形式,例如[2-(丙烯酰氧基)乙基]三甲基氯化铵;二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酰胺,二烷基甲基丙烯酰胺,以及其酸化或季铵化形式,例如丙烯酰氨基丙基三甲基氯化铵。
作为两性离子单体的实例,有利地使用选自以下的至少一种单体:
-磷酸酯甜菜碱单体,例如磷酸基乙基三甲基铵乙基甲基丙烯酸酯,羧基甜菜碱单体。
有利地,在本发明方法的步骤ii)中,水溶胀性聚合物P可以是共聚物,其由前述单体或者由前述单体和至少一种选自以下的其它单体制备:疏水单体,例如苯乙烯,丙烯酸烷基酯,甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,丙烯酸芳基酯,甲基丙烯酸芳基酯,丙烯酰胺的疏水衍生物;两亲单体,例如十二烷基聚(氧乙烯)甲基丙烯酸酯,山萮基聚(氧乙烯)甲基丙烯酸酯;或者由天然聚合物如纤维素衍生物、多糖、粘土制备,例如,这些天然聚合物可被接枝到本发明的水溶胀性聚合物上,以形成根据本发明的另一类水溶胀性聚合物。
有利地,水溶胀性聚合物P是至少一种非离子单体与至少一种阴离子单体的共聚物。优选地,阴离子水溶胀性聚合物P衍生自至少1%摩尔的至少一种包含烯属双键和至少一个羧酸或磺酸官能团的阴离子水溶性单体和至少5%摩尔的至少一种非离子单体,该非离子单体选自丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、乙烯基甲酰胺和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
优选地,水溶胀性聚合物P包含1-40%摩尔的至少一种包含烯属双键和至少一个羧酸或磺酸官能团的阴离子水溶性单体和60-99%摩尔的至少一种非离子单体,该非离子单体选自丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、乙烯基甲酰胺和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
根据一种优选的实施方案,该阴离子水溶性单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其盐、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸及其盐、衣康酸及其盐、烯丙基磺酸及其盐、甲代烯丙基磺酸及其盐。
还更优选地,阴离子水溶胀性聚合物P是丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钠的共聚物。
根据一种优选的实施方案,对于本发明的方法来说,水性分散体D包含5-60%干重且更优选15-35%干重的水溶胀性聚合物P。
对于本发明的方法,水溶胀性聚合物P的颗粒有利地具有能够使其分散的直径。优选地,所述颗粒所具有的平均直径为0.1-1000μm,更优选0.1-200μm,进一步优选0.1-20μm。颗粒的平均直径可使用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法确定,例如通过双目显微镜。
除了水溶胀性聚合物P之外,该水性分散体D包含起到平衡剂作用的化合物(b)。它是一种水溶性或水可混溶性化合物。在本发明的分散体中,它能够完全或部分地抑制聚合物P的水溶胀能力。因此,在这种化合物(b)存在下的这种水性分散体中,水溶胀性聚合物(P)为颗粒的形式,并且不是或很少处于水溶胀状态。
优选地,该水性分散体包含至少一种选自以下的化合物(b):
-包含至少一种选自硫酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸根、卤化根(halogénures)的阴离子的无机盐或有机盐;
-包含至少一种选自钠、钾、铵、镁、钙、铝的阳离子的无机盐或有机盐;
-这些盐中至少两种的混合物;
-分散性有机聚合物,选自基于以下项的聚合物或共聚物:丙烯酸,2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸及其盐和分子量为1000-30000g.mol-1的丙烯酰胺。
优选地,分散体D包含作为化合物(b)的8-27%质量的无机盐或有机盐以及5-20%干质量的分散性有机聚合物。
根据本发明,分散体D还可包含至少一种添加剂,所述添加剂选自多官能醇,例如甘油,聚亚烷基二醇如聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。有利地,该添加剂以分散体质量的0.001-20%重量、优选0.5-10%的量存在。
悬浮液S和分散体D的混合物M有利地在搅拌下通过将分散体D加入到悬浮液S中而获得,使得聚合物P在M中的浓度为0.001-10%干质量。
对于本发明方法的步骤iv),混合物M(S+D)向纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一上的施加(也被称为纸涂布)可以使用任何涂布装置来进行。优选地,这种涂布装置可以是施胶压机(coucheuse)或喷雾棒。存在多种类型的施胶压机,包括辊式施胶压机、刀片施胶压机、旋转棒施胶压机、幕式施胶压机和真空施胶压机。
最后,根据最后的优选项,在于施加混合物M的本发明方法的步骤iv)在10-100℃并且更优选30℃-100℃的温度下进行。
混合物M有利地使得能够改善纸的机械强度。因而优选地,本发明涉及一种用于改善纸的机械强度的方法,包括将本发明的混合物M施加到纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一上。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的水溶胀性聚合物P用于处理纸的用途,特别是水溶胀性聚合物P与多糖组合用于处理纸、尤其用于改善纸的机械强度的用途。
本发明还涉及混合物M用于处理纸、尤其用于改善纸的机械强度的用途。
具体实施方式
本发明及由此产生的优点将从以下的实施例中变得清楚。
实施例
通过以喷雾形式在湿片上沉积来形成片材
纸的手抄片(formettes)在自动动态抄片器中获得。首先通过将90克回收纸板纤维在2升热水中分解25分钟来制备纸浆(由100%回收纤维组成的中性pH纸浆)。如此获得的纸浆然后用水稀释至6升的体积。在对稠度进行精确测量后,取必要量的这种纸浆以最终获得90g/m2克重的纸片。
该纸浆则被引入到动态抄片器的桶中,稀释至0.5%的稠度并用机械搅拌器适度搅拌以均化水性悬浮液。
将吸墨纸和成形织物置于动态抄片器的滚筒中,然后以1000rpm开始旋转滚筒并构建水墙。该片材是通过喷嘴的23次往复将纸浆喷射到水壁中而形成的。在排水并完成自动序列后,将成形织物连同形成的纤维网络一起从动态抄片器的滚筒中取出并放置在桌子上。将干吸墨纸放在湿纤维垫的一侧并用辊压一次。将组件翻转,并且将成形织物轻轻地与纤维垫分离。放置第二张干吸墨纸,然后再次翻转组件并移除用水饱和的第一张吸墨纸。
然后以喷雾形式(喷枪、喷雾棒、喷雾器等)施加添加或不添加本发明聚合物的生天然淀粉的水性悬浮液,以均匀沉积大约1g/m2的干燥量。
然后将湿纸片在处理过的表面上对折,以4巴的压力在两个辊之间压制,并且在更新吸墨纸之后,将纸片在拉紧的干燥器上在117℃下干燥10分钟。然后除去吸墨纸并将由此形成的片材在受控湿度和温度(50%相对湿度和23℃的温度)下的室中调理最少12小时的时间。
评价利用此操作程序获得的不同片材的干强度性能。
利用带槽的计量棒在干片材上沉积
使用工业平纸板,在其上借助于带槽的棒沉积添加或未添加聚合物分散体D的生天然淀粉的水性悬浮液S(进行了添加的悬浮液S对应于混合物M)。然后将此片材在处理过的表面上对折,置于吸墨纸中,以4巴的压力在两个辊之间压制,并且在拉紧的干燥器上在117℃下干燥10分钟。然后除去吸墨纸并将由此形成的片材在受控湿度和温度(50%相对湿度和23℃的温度)下的室中调理最少12小时的时间。
评价利用此操作程序获得的不同片材的干强度性能。
用于在干片材上沉积的设备是RK Print Coat Instruments的Multicoater K303型实验室施胶压机。
干强度测试:
根据标准TAPPI T403 om-02,利用Messmer Buchel M405爆裂测试仪测量爆裂强度(éclatement)(12个值的平均值)。结果以kPa表示。爆裂指数是通过将这个值除以片材克重来确定的,以kPa.m2/g表示。
根据TAPPI T569 pm-00程序,使用Scott Bond型设备进行内聚力测试(5个值的平均值)。结果以ft.lbs/in2表示。
以下实施例中使用的组合物:
[表1]
区分组合物E和C:将组合物在去离子水中稀释至5g/L。对于组合物E来说,获得混浊的悬浮液,将其放置在管中直至在管底部获得乳白色沉积物和清澈的上清液。乳白色沉积物代表水溶胀性聚合物P1的颗粒的累积。
对于组合物C来说,稀释至5g/L会直接得到清澈且粘稠的溶液。聚合物P2被完全溶解。
实施例1
利用实验室施胶压机在干片材上沉积
使用110g/m2的工业平纸板,当其未被处理时,其机械性能相当于“空白”测试。
作为参考测试,这个纸板在实验室施胶压机(带槽的棒no3)中涂覆具有18%干物质的天然小麦淀粉乳。
在其他条件相同的情况下,通过在沉积前预先制备天然小麦淀粉乳/聚合物分散体的混合物以用相同量的聚合物P1或P2的干物质替代5%的淀粉干物质(通过加入各自所需量的组合物E和C)来重复这最后的操作。
[表2]
内聚力(ft.lbs/in2) | 爆裂指数 | %爆裂改善/空白 | |
空白 | NA | 1.82 | NA |
淀粉(100%) | 30 | 2.13 | 17.0 |
淀粉/P2(95/5) | 105 | 2.37 | 29.9 |
淀粉/P1(95/5) | 140 | 2.59 | 41.9 |
将合成聚合物添加到天然淀粉中的事实不可否认地在以下性能方面带来增益:纸的机械强度,在此为抗分层性(内聚力),以及抗爆裂性。
然而,最重要的是,在此可以清楚地看到,使用水溶胀性聚合物P1代替水溶性聚合物P2是特别有益的。
实施例2
通过喷雾在湿片材上沉积:
按照上述操作程序制备三个片材:
-未经处理的第一片材(空白);
-第二片材,沉积相当于0.38g/m2的天然小麦淀粉;
-第三片材,沉积相当于0.374g/m2的天然小麦淀粉/P1(90/10)的混合物,即分别沉积0.34g/m2+0.034g/m2。
[表3]
通过将10%的天然淀粉用相同量的水溶胀性聚合物P1代替,内聚力和爆裂强度方面的性能明显改善。
Claims (11)
1.用于处理纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一的方法,包括以下的相继步骤:
i)提供多糖的水性悬浮液S,
ii)提供水性分散体D,其包含(a)至少一种阴离子水溶胀性聚合物P的颗粒和(b)至少一种选自以下的化合物:无机盐、有机盐、分散性有机聚合物及其混合物,
iii)将悬浮液S和分散体D混合以获得混合物M;
iv)将混合物M施加到纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该多糖选自天然淀粉,直链淀粉,支链淀粉,纤维素和衍生自纤维素的化合物,改性淀粉如酶处理淀粉,水解淀粉,加热淀粉,阳离子淀粉,例如由淀粉与用于形成季铵盐的叔胺的反应所获得的那些,阴离子淀粉,两性淀粉;及它们的任意组合。
3.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,阴离子水溶胀性聚合物P衍生自至少1%摩尔的至少一种包含烯属双键和至少一个羧酸或磺酸官能团的阴离子水溶性单体和至少5%摩尔的至少一种非离子单体,该非离子单体选自丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺及其衍生物、乙烯基甲酰胺和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
4.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,该阴离子水溶性单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及其盐、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸及其盐、衣康酸及其盐、烯丙基磺酸及其盐、甲代烯丙基磺酸及其盐。
5.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,阴离子水溶胀性聚合物P是丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钠的共聚物。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,分散体D包含5-60%质量、更优选15-35%质量的阴离子水溶胀性聚合物P。
7.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,水性分散体D的颗粒所具有的平均直径为0.1-1000μm,优选0.1-200μm,更优选0.1-20μm。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,分散体D包含至少一种选自以下的化合物(b):
-包含至少一种选自硫酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸根、卤化根的阴离子的无机盐或有机盐;或者
-包含至少一种选自钠、钾、铵、镁、钙、铝的阳离子的无机盐或有机盐;或者
-这些盐中至少两种的混合物;或者
-分散性有机聚合物,选自基于以下项的聚合物或共聚物:丙烯酸,2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸及其盐和分子量为1000-30000g.mol-1的丙烯酰胺。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其中分散体D包含:
-8-27%质量的无机盐或有机盐;或者
-5-20%质量的分散性有机聚合物。
10.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,对于步骤iv),通过施胶压机或喷雾棒进行向纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一上的施加。
11.根据前述权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,对于步骤iv),在10-100℃的温度下进行向纸的表面和/或其层的至少之一上的施加。
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WO2003087472A1 (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-23 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | Swollen starch-latex compositions for use in papermaking |
US20110091733A1 (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2011-04-21 | Basf Se | Paper coating composition comprising metal salt pigments and having a content of aqueous dispersions of water-soluble copolymers |
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WO2003087472A1 (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-23 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | Swollen starch-latex compositions for use in papermaking |
US20110091733A1 (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2011-04-21 | Basf Se | Paper coating composition comprising metal salt pigments and having a content of aqueous dispersions of water-soluble copolymers |
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