CN113551235A

CN113551235A - Garbage crushing incinerator device

Info

Publication number: CN113551235A
Application number: CN202110880562.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马培勇; 杨子健; 刘小好; 祁风雷; 姚术薇; 韩大力
Original assignee: Hefei University of Technology
Current assignee: Hefei University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-08-02
Filing date: 2021-08-02
Publication date: 2021-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-02
Also published as: CN113551235B

Abstract

The invention relates to a garbage crushing incinerator device, which comprises a furnace body, wherein the top of the furnace body is provided with a feed inlet and a smoke outlet, and the outer side wall of the furnace body is provided with a blower; a sieve plate for bearing garbage combustion is arranged in the furnace body, a plurality of hollow columns are distributed on the sieve plate in an array manner, vent holes are formed in the columns, an air inlet cavity is formed in the sieve plate, and a blast port of the air blower is communicated with the air inlet cavity; the invention provides more air contact area for the crushed waste by utilizing the three-dimensional screen, is beneficial to the ventilation of the incinerated substance, increases the contact with oxygen, and leads the combustion to be more sufficient, thereby greatly reducing harmful gases such as dioxin and the like generated by insufficient combustion.

Description

Garbage crushing incinerator device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of garbage disposal and incineration devices, in particular to the field of garbage crushing and incineration devices.

Background

Along with the development of urbanization, the pollution of garbage has caused the influence on the living environment, and because of the wide lack of facilities for uniformly treating the garbage, most rural villagers burn the garbage in the open air by themselves, the secondary pollution to the environment and the hidden danger of accidental fire are brought, and the garbage treatment problem is always a major environmental problem concerned all over the world; the traditional garbage disposal mode mainly comprises two modes of landfill and incineration, but the landfill needs to occupy a large amount of land resources, the leachate production amount of a landfill site is large, and the concentration of harmful substances is high, so that only some countries which are not economic are provided with the simple disposal mode at present, and compared with the landfill disposal, the garbage incineration is a better disposal mode. The garbage incineration is to carry out high-temperature incineration on the garbage to cause the garbage to be chemically decomposed, so as to convert the chemical energy of organic matters in the garbage into heat energy and simultaneously realize the purposes of reduction, reclamation and harmlessness of the garbage. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the incineration of the garbage can be recycled as heat energy, and the residue with stable property can be directly buried or used as building materials. After incineration, bacteria and viruses in the garbage are thoroughly eliminated, various malodorous gases are decomposed at high temperature, and harmful components in the flue gas are discharged after reaching the standard after treatment. The garbage incineration is one of the most effective methods for treating the garbage at present, the technology development of the garbage incineration site is fast in economically developed areas with economic conditions, garbage heat value conditions and lack of sanitary landfill site resources, and the application scale of the garbage incineration site is second to the garbage landfill in the urban garbage treatment industry; the existing garbage incineration is carried out by throwing the garbage into a fire grate in an incinerator, but when the garbage on the fire grate is burning, the newly thrown garbage instantaneously covers the burning garbage, so that flame is easily extinguished, the garbage incineration is insufficient, and harmful gases such as dioxin and the like are easily generated due to the insufficient garbage incineration; and the ashes after burning are piled up on the sieve very easily, can not guarantee that the ashes are effectual to fall down, lead to the ventilation difficulty, and the air feed is not enough for rubbish burning is not enough, and the insufficient rubbish of burning can agglomerate usually, thereby further blockking up the sieve, leads to vicious circle.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention achieves the purposes through the following technical scheme:

a garbage crushing incinerator device comprises a furnace body, wherein a feed inlet and a smoke outlet are formed in the top of the furnace body, and a blower is arranged on the outer side wall of the furnace body; the garbage incinerator is characterized in that a sieve plate for bearing garbage combustion is arranged in the incinerator body, a plurality of hollow cylinders are distributed on the sieve plate in an array mode, vent holes are formed in the cylinders, an air inlet cavity is formed in the sieve plate, and a blast hole of the air blower is communicated with the air inlet cavity.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the column body is sleeved with a stirring piece for stirring garbage on the sieve plate, an air outlet pipe is arranged in the stirring piece, and the air outlet pipe is tangentially communicated with the air hole of the column body and is used for driving the stirring piece to rotate.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the smoke outlet is provided with a filtering device for filtering smoke dust, and the smoke at the smoke outlet is filtered by the filtering device, then is communicated with the blower, is mixed with fresh air at the blower and then enters the air inlet cavity.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a second baffle and a third baffle are arranged in the furnace body and above the sieve plate, one end of the second baffle is connected with the inner side wall of the furnace body, and the other end of the second baffle extends upwards to the position below the feed inlet; one end of the third baffle is connected with the side wall of the furnace body, and the other side of the third baffle extends to the lower part of the end part of the second baffle, which is far away from one side of the side wall of the furnace body; a first baffle plate is arranged between the upper part of the second baffle plate and the feed inlet, one end of the first baffle plate is connected with the upper end part of the second baffle plate, and the other side of the first baffle plate extends to one side close to the smoke outlet; and a passage for falling garbage is formed between the adjacent ends of the second baffle plate and the third baffle plate.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the outer sides of the furnace body, which are close to the two end parts of the sieve plate, are provided with the vibration mechanisms, each vibration mechanism comprises a vibration motor fixedly arranged on the side wall of the furnace body and a crank connecting rod used for connecting the vibration motor and the sieve plate, and the vibration motors drive the sieve plate to swing up and down through the crank connecting rods.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a groove is arranged at the position of the furnace body close to the sieve plate, an elastic part is arranged in the groove, the sieve plate is connected with a sliding plate, and the upper end part and the lower end part of the sliding plate are respectively in close contact with the elastic part.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a garbage crushing device is arranged at the position, close to the feeding port, of the furnace body, a sealing door is arranged at the bottom of the garbage crushing device, and a cover body for sealing is arranged at the top of the garbage crushing device.

As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a pressure valve is arranged at the flue gas outlet, and a branch communicated with the flue gas outlet of the blower is arranged between the pressure valve and the filtering device.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the invention provides more air contact area for the crushed waste by utilizing the three-dimensional screen, is beneficial to the ventilation of the incinerated substance, increases the contact with oxygen, and leads the combustion to be more sufficient, thereby greatly reducing harmful gases such as dioxin and the like generated by insufficient combustion;

2) according to the method, the highest temperature during combustion is improved by utilizing the backflow of the flue gas and the high temperature carried in the flue gas, and meanwhile, the gas of dioxin is fully eliminated by utilizing high-temperature combustion;

3) the structure that utilizes the striker plate forms the furnace arch structure, and the radiant combustion temperature promotes abundant burning, and the structural arrangement of baffle simultaneously also can change the stroke route of flue gas, increases the residence time of flue gas in furnace, reduces the heat waste of discharging fume.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial schematic view at A of FIG. 1 of the present invention;

figure 3 is a schematic view of a screen panel according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the stirring member of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a furnace body; 11. a feed inlet; 12. a flue gas outlet; 13. a filtration device; 14. a groove; 15. an elastic member; 16. a slide plate; 17. an ash hopper; 18. an igniter; 2. a blower; 3. a sieve plate; 31. a cylinder; 311. a vent hole; 32. an air inlet cavity; 33. a through hole; 4. a stirring member; 41. an air outlet pipe; 51. a first baffle plate; 52. a second baffle; 53. a third baffle plate; 6. a vibration mechanism; 61. a vibration motor; 62. a crank connecting rod; 7. a garbage crushing device; 71. a sealing door; 72. a cover body; 8. a pressure valve.

Detailed Description

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the garbage crushing incinerator device comprises a furnace body 1, a hollow cavity in the furnace body 1 is in a cuboid shape, the side wall of the furnace body 1 adopts a double-layer furnace wall structure, and a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material is arranged on the inner side furnace wall for improving the heat-insulating performance of the furnace body 1 and facilitating the sufficient combustion of garbage; a feed inlet and a flue gas outlet 12 are arranged at the top of the furnace body 1, a garbage crushing device is arranged above the feed inlet, a sealing door 71 is further arranged at the feed inlet 11 in order to reduce the influence of the inside of the furnace body 1 on the garbage crushing device 7, and a cover body 72 is arranged at the top; the bottom of the cavity of the furnace body 1 is provided with an ash bucket 17, in addition, the bottom of the outer side of the furnace body 1 is provided with a universal wheel, so that the furnace body 1 can move conveniently, a sieve plate 3 is arranged in the furnace body 1, and a plurality of through holes 33 for ash falling are uniformly distributed on the sieve plate 3; in addition, an igniter 18 is arranged above the sieve plate 3 and used for igniting the garbage accumulated on the sieve plate 3;

when the garbage incinerator is used, the garbage crushing device 7 is used for crushing garbage, the cover body 72 is opened, the garbage is poured into the crushing device 7 for crushing, the crushed garbage is firstly accumulated at the position of the sealing door 71, the sealing door is opened when needed, the garbage enters the incinerator body 1 through the feeding hole 11 and then falls onto the sieve plate 3 in the incinerator body 1, the garbage is ignited through the igniter to start incineration, ash after the incineration is finished falls into the ash hopper 17 below through the through hole of the sieve plate 3, and when the amount of the ash in the ash hopper is large, the ash hopper is taken out to clean the ash in the ash hopper;

in the prior art, a ventilation opening is usually arranged below a sieve plate, but incinerated ash is easily accumulated on the sieve plate 3, the ash cannot be guaranteed to effectively fall down, so that ventilation is difficult, air supply is insufficient, garbage is not combusted sufficiently, and the garbage which is not combusted sufficiently is agglomerated, so that the sieve plate 3 is further blocked, and vicious circle is caused, therefore, vibration mechanisms 6 for vibrating the sieve plate 3 are arranged on two sides of a furnace body 1, each vibration mechanism 6 comprises a vibration motor 61 arranged on the outer side wall of the furnace body 1 and a crank connecting rod 62 connected with an output shaft of the vibration motor 61, and the other end of the crank connecting rod 62 is connected with the sieve plate 3; when the device is used, the vibration motor 61 rotates to drive the crank connecting rod 62 to move to drive the sieve plate 3 to swing up and down, so that the incineration objects and the ash are moved to a certain degree, and the ash is convenient to fall through the through hole of the sieve plate 3; the condition that the ash blocks the sieve plate 3 to cause insufficient combustion is reduced, so that the combustion is more sufficient, and the emission of pollution gas can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the filter screen is prevented from being manually cleaned or replaced, so that manpower and material resources are saved, and the labor capacity is reduced;

in order to avoid the influence of the high temperature of the furnace body 1 on the outside due to the existence of the vibration mechanism, on one hand, a protective cover is covered outside the vibration mechanism, and meanwhile, the inner side wall of the furnace body 1 near the sieve plate 3 is set to be a movable structure, specifically, a sliding plate 16 is arranged at the joint of the sieve plate 3 and the furnace body 1, grooves 14 are respectively arranged at the upper end part and the lower end part of the furnace body 1 near the sliding plate, elastic pieces 15 are embedded in the grooves 14, and the elastic pieces 15 can adopt spiral springs; when assembling, the upper and lower end parts of the sliding plate 16 are embedded between the elastic parts 15; by utilizing the structure, the movement of the sieve plate 3 can not be interfered, meanwhile, the burnt objects can be prevented from falling into the working area of the crank connecting rod 62, and the slider can be provided with heat insulation materials, so that the crank motor is prevented from being influenced by the high temperature in the furnace body 1;

harmful gases such as dioxin are easily generated when the garbage incineration is insufficient, and an effective method for eliminating the harmful gases such as dioxin is as follows: 1. the garbage can be fully combusted, and the generation of dioxin is reduced; 2. after a certain amount of dioxin is generated, the dioxin can be eliminated through high-temperature combustion; thereby reducing the emission of harmful gases as much as possible;

specifically, a plurality of hollow cylinders 31 are vertically arranged on the sieve plate 3, and a plurality of vent holes 311 are arranged on the side wall of each cylinder 31 and used for filling fresh air to the sieve plate 3, so that more air contact area can be provided for garbage combustion through the three-dimensional sieve plate structure, the provision of oxygen is ensured, the sufficient combustion of garbage is facilitated, and the generation of dioxin gas during the insufficient combustion of garbage is reduced;

further, an air inlet cavity 32 is arranged in the sieve plate 3, the air inlet cavity 32 is communicated with the column 31, a stirring piece 4 is sleeved on the main body, the stirring piece 4 is a circular truncated cone, an air outlet and a stirring rib (not shown in the figure) are arranged on the side surface of the stirring piece 4, an air outlet pipe 41 is arranged in the circular truncated cone, one end of the air outlet pipe 41 is communicated with the air vent 311 of the column 31, and the other end of the air outlet pipe is communicated with the air outlet; wherein, the axis of the air outlet pipe 41 is tangentially vertical to the side surface of the column body 31; when the garbage incinerator is used, external fresh air enters the cylinder 31 through the air inlet cavity in the sieve plate 3 and then is sprayed out along the air outlet of the stirring piece, so that more fresh air is provided for garbage combustion, meanwhile, the stirring piece 4 rotates under the action of the tangential air outlet pipe, and the garbage close to the bottom of the sieve plate is turned upwards by using the stirring ribs on the stirring piece, so that the covered garbage which is not completely and fully combusted can be fully combusted on the sieve plate 3, and the generation of harmful gas is reduced;

the side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with an air blower 2, and an air supply outlet of the air blower 2 is communicated with an air inlet cavity of the sieve plate 3 to provide fresh air for the air blower 2;

because harmful substances such as dioxin and the like are inevitably generated in the garbage furnace, and simultaneously, a large amount of heat is carried in the discharged flue gas, the flue gas outlet 12 is communicated with the air inlet of the blower 2; when the garbage incinerator is used, the flue gas in the incinerator body 1 is discharged through the flue gas outlet 12, the smoke dust in the flue gas is filtered out through the filtering device, the high-temperature gas is mixed with the fresh air at the position of the air blower 2 and then pumped into the air inlet cavity 32, on one hand, the temperature of the fresh air is raised by the high-temperature flue gas, the temperature in the incinerator body 1 is conveniently raised, the garbage is promoted to be fully combusted, meanwhile, the harmful gases of dioxin carried in the flue gas are eliminated by the high temperature generated during the garbage combustion, and the emission of the harmful gases is reduced;

furthermore, a first baffle 51 is arranged in the furnace body 1, one end of the first baffle 51 is close to the top of the furnace body 1, the other end of the first baffle 51 extends downwards to the upper part of the column 31, a second baffle 52 is arranged at the lower end part of the first baffle 51 relatively, the second baffle 52 is lower at the left and higher at the right, the upper plate surface of the first baffle 51 is right opposite to the feeding hole at the top of the furnace body 1, in addition, a third baffle 53 is arranged below the first baffle 51, one end of the third baffle 53 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the furnace body 1, and the other end of the third baffle 53 is fixedly connected with the lower end part of the first baffle 51; when the garbage incinerator is used, the first baffle 51 and the second baffle 52 are used for guiding materials, and meanwhile, the first baffle 51, the third baffle 53 and the second baffle 52 form an inclined furnace arch structure for radiating the temperature of garbage during combustion, improving the temperature of the garbage during combustion and facilitating full combustion of the garbage; meanwhile, the three baffle structures are utilized to change the path of the smoke flowing out, so that the residence time of the smoke in the furnace body 1 is prolonged, on one hand, the heat loss of the smoke can be reduced, on the other hand, the harmful substances in the smoke flowing in circularly are promoted to be fully combusted, and the amount of harmful gas in the emission process is reduced;

in addition, a pressure valve 8 is arranged at the flue gas outlet 12, and the whole furnace body 1 is a relatively closed space, so that the pressure in the furnace body 1 is increased, and the circulating combustion of the flue gas is promoted; meanwhile, a high-pressure area is formed above the sieve plate 3, and a low-pressure area is formed at the bottom of the sieve plate 3, so that ash generated after garbage is fully combusted can more easily fall into the ash hopper 17, and the situation that the through hole is blocked is reduced.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a waste crushing incinerator device which characterized in that: comprises a furnace body (1), wherein the top of the furnace body (1) is provided with a feed inlet (11) and a flue gas outlet (12), and the outer side wall of the furnace body is provided with a blower (2); be equipped with sieve (3) that bear the weight of the burning of rubbish in furnace body (1), establish a plurality of hollow cylinders (31) of array distribution on sieve (3), be equipped with air vent (311) on the cylinder, be equipped with air intake chamber (32) in sieve (3), the tuyere and the air intake chamber (32) intercommunication of air-blower (2), keep away from air intake chamber (32) on sieve (3) and locate evenly distributed and be used for falling grey through-hole (33).

2. A garbage crushing incinerator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring piece (4) used for turning over garbage on the sieve plate (3) is sleeved on the column body (31), an air outlet pipe (41) is arranged in the stirring piece (4), and the air outlet pipe (41) is communicated with the air vent (311) of the column body (31) in a tangential mode and used for driving the stirring piece (4) to rotate.

3. A garbage crushing incinerator apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the smoke-gas outlet (12) is provided with a filtering device (13) for filtering smoke and dust, the smoke gas at the smoke-gas outlet (12) is communicated with the blower (2) after being filtered by the filtering device (13), and enters the air inlet cavity (32) after being mixed with fresh air at the blower (2).

4. A garbage crushing incinerator apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: a second baffle plate (52) and a third baffle plate (53) are arranged in the furnace body (1) and above the sieve plate (3), one end of the second baffle plate (52) is connected with the inner side wall of the furnace body (1), and the other end of the second baffle plate extends upwards to the lower part of the feed port (11); one end of the third baffle (53) is connected with the side wall of the furnace body (1), and the other side of the third baffle extends to the lower part of the end part of the second baffle (52) far away from one side of the side wall of the furnace body; a first baffle (51) is arranged between the upper part of the second baffle (52) and the feed inlet (11), one end of the first baffle (51) is connected with the upper end part of the second baffle (52), and the other side of the first baffle extends to one side close to the smoke outlet (12); the adjacent ends of the second baffle plate (52) and the third baffle plate (53) form a passage for falling garbage.

5. A garbage crushing incinerator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the outer side that furnace body (1) is close to sieve (3) both ends is equipped with vibration mechanism (6), vibration mechanism (6) are including fixed vibrating motor (61) of locating on furnace body (1) lateral wall and crank connecting rod (62) that are used for connecting vibrating motor (61) and sieve (3), vibrating motor (61) drive sieve (3) through crank connecting rod (62) and carry out the luffing motion.

6. The garbage crushing incinerator apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the furnace body (1) lateral wall is close to sieve (3) department and is equipped with recess (14), is equipped with elastic component (15) in recess (14), connect slide (16) on sieve (3), the upper and lower tip of slide (16) respectively with elastic component (15) in close contact with.

7. The garbage crushing incinerator apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the garbage crusher is characterized in that a garbage crushing device (7) is arranged at the position, close to the feeding hole (11), of the furnace body (1), a sealing door (71) is arranged at the bottom of the garbage crushing device (7), and a cover body (72) used for sealing is arranged at the top of the garbage crushing device.

8. A garbage crushing incinerator apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the flue gas outlet (12) is provided with a pressure valve (8), and a branch of the blower (2) communicated with the flue gas outlet (12) is arranged between the pressure valve (8) and the filtering device (13).