CN113549392A - 聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113549392A
CN113549392A CN202110834852.0A CN202110834852A CN113549392A CN 113549392 A CN113549392 A CN 113549392A CN 202110834852 A CN202110834852 A CN 202110834852A CN 113549392 A CN113549392 A CN 113549392A
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张新昌
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Jiangmen Paint Factory Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了聚氨酯水性分散体及其制备方法和应用。本发明的聚氨酯水性分散体,通过控制分散体粒径及粒径分布,使其形成的膜微观结构具有表面凹凸的界面,能够发生光散射,从而降低光泽,达到自消光的作用。同时具有水性树脂的耐醇性佳、耐水煮性佳和耐刮擦等性能。耐热性能好,光泽度稳定。

Description

聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于高分子技术领域,具体涉及聚氨酯水性分散体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
自二十世纪六十年代起,溶剂型聚氨酯已被广泛应用,在各个领域具有重要的应用价值。然而,溶剂型聚氨酯含有大量的有机溶剂,在储存、运输、使用等过程中,有机溶剂易挥发,成为空气污染源,对人体和环境造成损害。随着人们的环保意识不断增强,水性聚氨酯材料的开发开始兴起。水性聚氨酯(Waterborne Polyurethane,简称WPU)是指聚氨基甲酸酯溶解在水里或分散于水中而形成的一种聚氨酯乳液,水性聚氨酯以水代替有机溶剂作为分散介质,具有环保、节能、运输安排、易于加工等优点,具有良好的应用前景。
目前市面上的水性自消光树脂主要为单组分的水性树脂。相关技术中,如CN106519133B公开了一种磺酸型水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯自消光树脂,该树脂由二异氰酸酯封端的预聚物,溶解稀释二异氰酸酯封端的预聚物的组分,小分子胺类扩链剂和自由基引发剂反应得到。能在ABS、PC、PVC、PET等基材上实现优异的附着力以及良好的耐手汗性能,通过后添加交联剂,可实现优异的耐溶剂等性能,可应用于皮革涂饰、木器塑料、纸张印刷、印染油墨、印花涂层、包装涂层、消光甲油等领域。然而,在增强抗划伤性能时,由于抗划伤助剂和树脂之间的相容性不好,光泽度不稳定,另外由于其原料基团间无交联,容易出现耐热黄变不够,耐热压和耐醇擦不够等现象。又如CN111944111A提供了一种水性自消光聚氨酯分散体,使用了三元醇和硅烷偶联剂,其与聚碳酸酯多元醇等原料进一步复配使用,可以具有更为优异的机械性能和热稳定性,但在耐水性、耐刮擦、耐水煮和耐化学品性方面性能不佳。
因此,水性自消光聚氨酯分散体的综合性能需要进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题之一。为此,本发明提供了一种聚氨酯水性分散体,该聚氨酯水性分散体光泽稳定,耐醇佳,耐刮擦,耐水煮性佳,同时具有环境友好性。
本发明还提供了上述聚氨酯水性分散体的制备方法。
本发明还提供了上述聚氨酯水性分散体的应用。
本发明的第一方面提供了聚氨酯水性分散体,制备原料包括单体I、单体II、阻聚剂、多元醇、含羟基UV树脂、异氰酸酯化合物、胺类化合物、中和剂、增稠剂、溶剂、催化剂和水;
所述单体I包括甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯,季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯中的一种或者多种,所述单体II为亲水单体。
本发明的聚氨酯水性分散体,至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明的聚氨酯水性分散体,通过控制分散体粒径及粒径分布,使其形成的膜具有表面凹凸的界面,能够发生光散射,从而降低光泽,达到自消光的作用。
本发明的聚氨酯水性分散体,具有自消光性,同时具有水性树脂的耐醇性佳、耐水煮性佳和耐刮擦等性能。耐热性能好,光泽度稳定。
本发明的聚氨酯水性分散体,在制备原料包括单体I、单体II、阻聚剂、多元醇、含羟基UV树脂、异氰酸酯化合物、胺类化合物、中和剂、扩链剂、增稠剂、溶剂和水的共同作用下,综合性能良好。其中:
单体I为(甲基)丙烯酸酯或乙烯基单体,主要作用是为聚氨酯水性分散体提供不饱和双键,在制备水性UV涂料的过程中,加入光引发剂,通过UV或LEDUV照射后发生固化交联的作用。
单体II的作用是提供亲水性。
阻聚剂的主要作用是,聚氨酯水性分散体在合成过程中,可以防止不饱和双键发生聚合反应,造成凝胶,同时防止储存过程中产品发生聚合等现象,从而达到较长的保质期。
多元醇的主要作用是与异氰酸酯反应同时提供不饱和双键,保证附着力情况下提高聚氨酯水性分散体的交联密度。
含羟基UV树脂的主要作用是与异氰酸酯反应,并提供一定的柔韧性。
异氰酸酯化合物的主要作用是与含活泼氢物质反应形成异氰酸酯或者脲键。
胺类化合物的主要作用是与剩余的异氰酸酯反应扩链,提高分子量。
中和剂的作用是中和DMBA等亲水物质。
增稠剂的作用是提高聚氨酯水性分散体的粘度,提高其分散体的稳定性。
溶剂的作用是反应过程中降低粘度,防止爆聚凝胶等作用。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,包括以下重量份计的组分:
单体I:5份~50份,
单体II:2份~10份,
阻聚剂:0.1份~5份,
多元醇:0.1份~45份,
含羟基UV树脂:0.1份~50份,
异氰酸酯化合物:1份~30份,
胺类化合物:0.1份~3份,
中和剂:0.1份~2份,
溶剂:0份~20份,
催化剂:0.1份~2份,
增稠剂:0.1份~2份,
水:35份~65份。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述单体I为季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述单体II为亲水性单体,所述亲水性单体包括二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、顺酐、聚醚磺酸盐、聚酯磺酸盐、聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇4000和聚乙二醇6000中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述阻聚剂包括对苯二酚、对叔丁基邻苯二酚和对羟基苯甲醚中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇和聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二醇中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,含羟基UV树脂包括UV环氧树脂,UV不饱和多元醇,含羟基UV丙烯酸树脂中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述异氰酸酯化合物包括IPDI、HDI、H12MDI和TMXDI中的至少一种。
IPDI为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,反应活性比芳香族异氰酸酯低,蒸气压也低。制成的聚氨酯树脂具有优异的光稳定性和耐化学性。一般用于制造高档的聚氨酯树脂如耐光耐候聚氨酯涂料、耐磨耐水解聚氨酯弹性体,可用于制造不黄变微孔聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
HDI为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,挥发性较大,毒性也大,一般是将HDI与水反应制成缩二脲二异氰酸酯,或者催化形成三聚体。HDI三聚体用于制造非黄变聚氨酯涂料,涂层,PU革等,既降低了挥发性,较高的分子量和官能度也使得涂料易快干,力学性能好,耐化学品和耐候性好,粘附力好。
H12MDI为氢化苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,是一种无色透明液体,分子量为262.3。可制得不黄变聚氨酯产品,适合于生产具有优异光稳定性、耐候性和机械性能的聚氨酯材料,特别适用于生产聚氨酯弹性体、水性聚氨酯、织物涂层和辐射固化聚氨酯丙烯酸涂料,除了优异的力学性能,H12MDI还赋予制品杰出的耐水解性和耐化学品性能。
TMXDI为四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,被用于合成无溶剂型聚氨酯分散体。这些分散体能被设计用于具有光稳定性、附着力、柔韧性和刚性的水性粘合剂、涂料和油墨。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述胺类化合物包括乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、1,3-丙二胺、异氟尔酮二胺、1,2-环己二胺、1,4-环己二胺、1,2-环己二甲胺和1,4-环己二甲胺中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,中和剂包括N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、三乙胺、氨水、AMP95、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、二乙胺中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,扩链剂为赢创A95。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,增稠剂为HV-30。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,溶剂为低沸点有机溶剂,包括丙酮、丁酮中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,催化剂为有机铋催化剂。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,有机铋催化剂为MB20。
本发明的第二方面提供了制备上述聚氨酯水性分散体的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:按配比,将所述多元醇、含羟基UV树脂和异氰酸酯化合物混合后反应,得到预聚物I;
S2:向所述预聚物I中加入所述单体II进行反应,得到预聚物II;
S3:向所述预聚物II中加入所述溶剂、单体I和催化剂,得到预聚物III;
S4:向所述预聚物III中加入中和剂,得到预聚物IV;
S5:向所述预聚物IV中加水后,加入所述胺类化合物反应,得到乳液;
S6:将乳液减压蒸馏后,加入增稠剂、扩链剂和阻聚剂。
本发明的第三方面提供了包含上述聚氨酯水性分散体的涂料组合物。
本发明的第四方面提供了一种涂覆产品,包括基材,以及涂布于所述基材上的聚氨酯水性分散体。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述基材包括木材、塑料、金属、玻璃、织物、皮革、纸张、玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维或石墨纤维。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例,并结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
本实施例制备了一种聚氨酯水性分散体,具体过程为:
将100g的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,157.24gUV聚酯多元醇加入带有回流冷凝管、温度计的四口烧瓶中,升温至65℃,加入177.84gIPDI,升温至80℃,反应达到2h;降温至65℃,加入20gDMBA,200g丙酮及少量催化剂,反应达到2h;加入60g季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,继续反应达到理论值,降温至50℃,加三乙胺中和;加776g水,分散得到水分散液,加6.88g二乙烯三胺,5gA95水稀释液,减压脱溶剂,加入0.6%HV-30增稠剂分散均匀,得到聚氨酯水性分散体。
上述制备过程中,UV聚酯多元醇为江门制漆厂有限公司的PJ9826A(OH=12)。
催化剂为有机铋催化剂MB20。
经检测,本实施例制备的聚氨酯水性分散体:
固含:40%,
粘度(25℃)mpa.s:600,
储存稳定性:六个月不分层,
外观:乳白色液体,
粒径:1050μm。
实施例2
本实施例制备了一种聚氨酯水性分散体,具体过程为:
将100g的聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二醇,157.24gUV环氧树脂加入带有回流冷凝管、温度计的四口烧瓶中,升温至65℃,加入177.84gIPDI,升温至80℃,反应2h;降温至65℃,加入29.64gDMBA,200g丙酮及少量催化剂,反应达到2h;加入60g季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,继续反应达到理论值,降温50℃,加三乙胺中和;加776g水,分散得到水分散液,加6.88g二乙烯三胺,5gA95水稀释液,减压脱溶剂,加入0.5%HV-30增稠剂分散均匀,得到聚氨酯水性分散体。
上述制备过程中,UV环氧树脂为江门制漆厂有限公司的PJ9802A。
催化剂为有机铋催化剂MB20。
经检测,本实施例制备的聚氨酯水性分散体:
固含:40%,
粘度(25℃)mpa.s:600,
储存稳定性:六个月不分层,
外观:乳白色液体,
粒径:950um。
实施例3
本实施例制备了一种聚氨酯水性分散体,具体过程为:
将100g的聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二醇,157.24gUV聚酯多元醇加入带有回流冷凝管,温度计的四口烧瓶中,升温至65℃,加入177.84gIPDI,升温至80℃反应2h;降温至65℃,加入29.64gDMBA,丙酮、少量催化剂及阻聚剂,反应2h;
加入60g季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,继续反应达到理论值,降温50℃,加三乙胺中和;
加776g水,分散得到水分散液,加6.88g二乙烯三胺,水稀释液,减压脱溶剂,加入0.8%HV-30增稠剂分散均匀,得到自消光聚氨酯水性分散体。
上述制备过程中,UV环氧树脂为江门制漆厂有限公司的PJ9802T(OH=120)。
催化剂为有机铋催化剂MB20。
经检测,本实施例制备的聚氨酯水性分散体:
固含:40%,
粘度(25℃)mpa.s:600,
外观:乳白色液体,
储存稳定性:六个月不分层,
粒径:850um。
检测例
进一步测试了实施例1至3制备的聚氨酯水性分散体的光泽度、耐醇擦、抗划伤、耐水煮和耐热性能。
实施例1至3制备的聚氨酯水性分散体的制备原料明细如表1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0003176760880000081
结果如表2所示。
表2
光泽 耐醇擦 抗划伤 耐水煮 耐热
实施例1 0.2 5 5 4 0.2-0.3
实施例2 0.3 5 5 5 0.3-0.4
实施例3 0.3 5 5 4 0.3-0.4
其中,光泽的测试方法为:20um线棒涂覆于黑色PC基材,60℃烘干约10min,UV固化后光泽仪测试光泽度。
耐醇测试方法为:20um线棒涂覆于PC基材,60℃烘干约10min,UV固化后取95%工业乙醇,干湿擦色牢度仪测试100次,观察涂层表面是否有脱落或变亮等不良现象,(1-5分,5分最好)。
耐热测试方法为:20um线棒涂覆于PC基材,60℃烘干约10min,UV固化后用100℃1min,测试前后光泽度变化。
抗划伤测试方法为:20um线棒涂覆于PC基材,60℃烘干约10min,UV固化然后用指甲划,观察PC基材表面是否有伤痕,1-5分,5分最好。
粒径测试方法:采用马尔文粒径仪。
固含测试方法:取适量分散体在铝片制备的容器中,称量150℃30min前后的重量变化,计算其固体含量。
上面结合实施例对本发明作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (10)

1.聚氨酯水性分散体,其特征在于,制备原料包括单体I、单体II、阻聚剂、多元醇、含羟基UV树脂、异氰酸酯化合物、胺类化合物、中和剂、增稠剂、溶剂、催化剂和水;
所述单体I包括甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯,季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯中的一种或者多种,所述单体II为亲水单体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯水性分散体,其特征在于,包括以下重量份计的组分:
单体I:5份~50份,
单体II:2份~10份,
阻聚剂:0.1份~5份,
多元醇:0.1份~45份,
含羟基UV树脂:0.1份~50份,
异氰酸酯化合物:1份~30份,
胺类化合物:0.1份~3份,
中和剂:0.1份~2份,
溶剂:0份~20份,
催化剂:0.1份~2份,
增稠剂:0.1份~2份,
水:35份~65份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯水性分散体,其特征在于,所述亲水性单体包括二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、顺酐、聚醚磺酸盐、聚酯磺酸盐、聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇4000和聚乙二醇6000中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯水性分散体,其特征在于,所述阻聚剂包括对苯二酚、对叔丁基邻苯二酚和对羟基苯甲醚中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯水性分散体,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯化合物包括IPDI、HDI、H12MDI和TMXDI中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯水性分散体,其特征在于,所述胺类化合物包括乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、1,3-丙二胺、异氟尔酮二胺、1,2-环己二胺、1,4-环己二胺、1,2-环己二甲胺和1,4-环己二甲胺中的至少一种。
7.一种制备如权利要求1至6任一项所述的聚氨酯水性分散体的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:按配比,将所述多元醇、含羟基UV树脂和异氰酸酯化合物、阻聚剂混合后反应,得到预聚物I;
S2:向所述预聚物I中加入所述单体II进行反应,得到预聚物II;
S3:向所述预聚物II中加入所述溶剂、单体I和催化剂,得到预聚物III;
S4:向所述预聚物III中加入中和剂,得到预聚物IV;
S5:向所述预聚物IV中加水后,加入所述胺类化合物反应,得到乳液;
S6:将乳液减压蒸馏后,加入增稠剂,得到自消光聚氨酯水性分散体。
8.一种包含如权利要求1至6任一项所述的聚氨酯水性分散体的涂料组合物。
9.一种涂覆产品,其特征在于,包括基材,以及涂布于所述基材上的如权利要求1至6任一项所述的聚氨酯水性分散体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的涂覆产品,其特征在于,所述基材包括木材、塑料、金属、玻璃、织物、皮革、纸张、玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维或石墨纤维。
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