CN113546055A - 新的药物包裹制品及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
新的药物包裹制品及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113546055A CN113546055A CN202110938215.8A CN202110938215A CN113546055A CN 113546055 A CN113546055 A CN 113546055A CN 202110938215 A CN202110938215 A CN 202110938215A CN 113546055 A CN113546055 A CN 113546055A
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- Prior art keywords
- lae
- ion pair
- sodium
- acid
- compound
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 72
- -1 organic acid salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium propionate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- XJMWHXZUIGHOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;propanoic acid Chemical compound N.CCC(O)=O XJMWHXZUIGHOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010331 calcium propionate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004330 calcium propionate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OPGYRRGJRBEUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;diacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPGYRRGJRBEUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MFBOGIVSZKQAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium butyrate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC([O-])=O MFBOGIVSZKQAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017454 sodium diacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004283 Sodium sorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M sodium sorbate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019250 sodium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001747 Potassium fumarate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229940050411 fumarate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019295 potassium fumarate Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001415 potassium malate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011033 potassium malate Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011005 potassium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- AYLBIUXRXAFUGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C=CC=CC)(=O)[O-].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O.[Na+] Chemical compound C(C=CC=CC)(=O)[O-].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O.[Na+] AYLBIUXRXAFUGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- XJTMYVOVQZMMKX-KRWDZBQOSA-N ethyl (2s)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-(dodecanoylamino)pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OCC)CCCN=C(N)N XJTMYVOVQZMMKX-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 abstract description 64
- XTJKNGLLPGBHHO-HNNXBMFYSA-N (2s)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-(dodecanoylamino)pentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N XTJKNGLLPGBHHO-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 60
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009512 pharmaceutical packaging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 20
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 13
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 10
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 8
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- PESXGULMKCKJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methoxycarbonylphenolate Chemical compound [Na+].COC(=O)C1=CC=C([O-])C=C1 PESXGULMKCKJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001793 charged compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019249 food preservative Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000005452 food preservative Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KFLRWGSAMLBHBV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;pyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical group [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 KFLRWGSAMLBHBV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L L-tartrate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940124350 antibacterial drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
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- CYDMQBQPVICBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotetracycline Natural products C1=CC(Cl)=C2C(O)(C)C3CC4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O CYDMQBQPVICBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CYDMQBQPVICBEU-XRNKAMNCSA-N chlortetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O CYDMQBQPVICBEU-XRNKAMNCSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 2
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- AHLPHDHHMVZTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orn-delta-NH2 Natural products NCCCC(N)C(O)=O AHLPHDHHMVZTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于新的药物包裹制品,其包括月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(LAE)及其离子对衍生物。本发明还提供制备含有所述月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(LAE)及其离子对衍生物的药物包裹制品的方法及其制备的药物包裹制品。本发明的药物包裹制品,具有天然无毒、高效抑菌、易于被动物降解且能发挥药物协同作用的特点。
Description
本申请是申请日为2019年6月24日、申请号为201910549188.8、发明名称为“新的药物包裹制品及其制备方法和应用”的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌型药物包裹制品(胶囊和包衣),具体是涉及含有月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐及其衍生物(离子对化合物)的药物包裹制品,该月桂酰精氨酸乙酯离子对具有抗菌效果,能帮助药物包裹制品在发挥包容和递送内含物功能的同时,还能保持稳定和发挥抗菌等协同效果。
背景技术
胶囊或胶囊壳指用特种成膜材料(如明胶、纤维素、多糖等)制成的囊状物,把内容物(如粉状、液体状各类药物等)或按剂量装入其中,便于吞服。
胶囊(壳)通常有硬胶囊和软胶囊之分。硬胶囊又称空心胶囊,由帽体两部分组成;软胶囊是成膜材料和内容物同时加工成产品的。其中,硬胶囊根据原材料分,一般包括:明胶胶囊、植物胶囊等。其中明胶胶囊以明胶为主要原料,辅佐以甘油、山梨醇等通过机械加工成硬质两节式外壳。植物胶囊(壳)是用植物纤维素或水溶性多糖为原料制成的空心胶囊,以满足全天然定位和胶囊制剂解决方案的需求。
药物包衣是涂覆在药物固体制剂的外表面,使其干燥后成为紧密粘附在表面的一层或数层不同厚薄、不同弹性的多功能保护层。根据包衣材料不同分为包糖衣、半薄膜包衣、薄膜衣、包肠溶衣及特殊材料包衣。
胶囊(壳)和包衣是最参见的药物包裹材料,其作用能够有效保护所包裹的药物,同时防潮、避光、隔绝空气以增加药物稳定性,能掩盖不良气味,减少刺激,以及通过自身材料的降解速度来递送药物和控制药物释放部位以及释放速度。
药物包裹制品作为药物的重要载体以及组成部分,其具有严格的质量要求,如性能稳定不易降解、环保无毒、易于被人体代谢、不能对包容的药物产生拮抗作用,因此目前的胶囊(壳)和包衣仍以明胶材料、淀粉类材料为主。
这类原材料虽然对人体无毒,但自身属于天然有机物质,易于被细菌或微生物所感染或附着,例如,胶囊壳和包衣在运输和存放过程中,或在制作填充过程中,内、外包装材料都会污染微生物。其中,中药全粉制成胶囊剂的污染更加严重,处理不当,经常在存放过程中就出现内容物被微生物污染变质的情形。因此在用于包裹药物时需要进行严格的质量检测。
按照2010年版中国药典明胶空心胶囊的标准,空心胶囊的细菌总数≦1000个/g,霉菌总数≦100个/g,大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌不得检出。然而,空心胶囊的主要原料明胶是细菌繁殖的优良培养基,要使空心胶囊达到以上标准,除了要严格控制明胶的卫生指标与空心胶囊的生产过程外,还可以考虑适当加入防腐剂或者将产品灭菌。在胶囊生产中可加入的防腐剂较多,如苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸酯类、山梨酸等。
此外,对于抗菌型药物,尤其是兽用型(包括水产动物)抗菌药物,如金霉素、土霉素、四环素、氯霉素等常用抗生素因其抗病、促生长的功效在畜禽养殖业中被大肆使用。据统计,我国每年抗生素原料生产量约为21万吨,其中有9.7万吨的抗生素用于畜禽养殖业,占总生产量的46.1%。不恰当的抗生素使用、药物质量无保障、不全面的监管以及不严谨的用药规定导致了抗生素滥用加剧,从而产生了许多过犹不及的严重问题,如细菌耐药性的产生、动物机体免疫机能下降、肉类产品药物残留等,直接危害人类的健康。有研究称,约75%的抗生素是无法被人体或动物体吸收代谢,部分会残留在体内,有20%-50%的活鸡或者冻鸡组织中能够检测到抗生素残留;残留的抗生素亦可随着排泄物进入环境中,有的会直接进入河道并影响下游居民的饮水安全,我国许多沿河城市的居民自来水中都检测到过土霉素、四环素、强力霉素、阿莫西林、金霉素等畜禽业抗生素的残留。近年来有研究对上海1000名儿童尿液进行抗生素检测,58%的尿液样品中检测到了多种仅在养殖业使用的兽用抗生素(如泰乐菌素、氯四环素和恩氟沙星等)。更重要的是,这些残余的抗生素会对环境中的微生物进行自然选择或者诱发其基因突变,具备耐药性的细菌存活下来并继续繁殖出更多的耐药菌。另外,细菌还能通过接合、转化、转导、转座等方式将自己的耐药基因传递给其他不同种、属的微生物使之获得耐药性。这就使得耐药细菌在环境中富集,被污染的土壤、水源一旦被人或牲畜接触则极易引发疾病并加速耐药菌的扩散。除了违规添加抗生素或抗菌剂之外,兽药和饲料添加剂主要包括防腐剂、防尘剂、抗氧化剂、抗原虫药等。这些物质因长期使用或使用不当,就会给畜禽和人身健康带来危害。
基于以上的问题,目前需要一种既能有效提高药物包裹材料的抗污染、又能作为微量的天然抗菌活性成分以发挥药物协同效应的新型包裹材料,同时还能降动物的抗生素残留,理论上可以提供一条新的研究方法。
月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(Ethyl lauroylarginate,LAE)是一种由脂肪酸和二元氨基酸缩合而成的有机物,为白色吸湿性固体,在pH3~7范围内化学性质稳定,熔点50~58℃,该温度下247g的LAE可分散于1kg的水中,它在水和油中的分配系数大于10,即主要存在于水相中。研究发现,月桂酰精氨酸乙酯LAE具有抗菌能力强、生物毒性低、体内代谢效果好、与环境相容性高的特点。而其中最具代表性的特点是月桂酰精氨酸乙酯代谢无残留,相关研究显示月桂酰精氨酸乙酯在人体与动物体内可快速进行自然代谢,生成月桂酸和精氨酸,进一步被代谢为鸟氨酸、尿素、二氧化碳和水。月桂酰精氨酸乙酯代谢过程中所产生的所有初级代谢产物及终产物都是无毒无害的,与人和动物日常摄取的食物在体内的代谢产物相同。
例如,中国专利申请CN201710056593、发明名称为“一种果蔬防腐保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用”公开了以月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和尼泊金甲酯钠为主要活性成分的组合物来作为果蔬防腐保鲜剂,能够有效抑制导致果蔬腐烂的细菌生长。然而,该发明中高浓度的尼泊金甲酯钠(2000μg/ml)的单独抑菌效果强于低浓度的LAE(1000μg/ml),这是因为其具有酚羟基结构,抗菌性能远远强于苯甲酸、山梨酸,因此在保证防腐性能的前提下,该方法明确指出使用尼泊金甲酯钠代替LAE,有助于降低防腐剂的用量成本。
中国专利申请CN201510748675、发明名称为“采用月桂酰精氨酸乙酯抑制酒精发酵污染微生物的方法”公开了采用月桂酰精氨酸乙酯抑制酒精发酵污染微生物的方法,该方法包括将LAE及其盐类化合物,以低于50μg/ml的浓度加入酿酒酵母的发酵液中,能有效抑制乳酸菌的生长,并控制其他污染微生物的生长。然而,该抑菌剂在一定程度上轻微影响酵母菌的生长,并导致酒精产量降低0.6%。
中国专利申请CN201610466729、发明名称为“一种温和的婴童洗发沐浴泡泡”公开了一种温和的婴童洗发沐浴泡泡,其针对婴童毛发及肤质的特点,选用椰油酰谷氨酸二钠、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱及磺酸羟丙酯月桂基葡糖苷交联聚合物钠复配作为表面活性剂体系,选用山茶籽油、α-葡聚糖寡糖/菊粉复配物作为调理成分,野菊花提取物和月桂酰精氨酸乙酯HCl复配作为防腐体系,该发明中各原料互相协作,清洁效果好,温和无刺激。
中国专利申请CN201280073013、发明名称为“协同作用的抗微生物剂”公开通过将有效量的N-α-长链烷酰基二元氨基酸烷基酯盐与甘油单脂肪酸酯组合提供协同作用的抗微生物组合物,产生更有效的抗微生物剂和食品防腐剂。同时,中国专利申请CN200810131638、发明名称为“杀微生物剂组合物”公开甲基异噻唑啉酮和LAE的组合物用于制备抗微生物剂和食品防腐剂的用途。然而,该方法涉及包括LAE在内的多种抑菌成分,并未研究LAE的单独抑菌作用。同时,该发明仅仅教导了所述组合物用于日用产品、清洁剂、伤口护理组合物、各类食品、各类医用清洁产品等用途,并未教导如何将单一的LAE成分用于禽畜水产的抗菌性饲料的用途。
中国专利申请CN201280027864、发明名称为“具有改进的耐水性的化妆防晒制剂或皮肤科防晒制剂”公开一种LAE用于制备化妆防晒制剂或皮肤科防晒制剂的用途,该制剂除了UV滤光剂之外还包括乳化剂聚甘油-10硬脂酸酯。
作为最接近的现有技术,中国专利申请CN200580051259,发明名称为“包括阳离子表面活性剂的防腐体系”首次公开LAE及其盐酸盐用于防腐体系中的用途,在食品、化妆品中添加包含0.2g/kg LAE的该体系从而起到防腐作用。该发明研究了LAE的抑菌机理,并提出如何将LAE用于食品、化妆品等防腐作用的应用,因此美国食品安全局于2005年批准月桂酰精氨酸乙酯用于食品防腐剂;2012年欧盟食品安全局、澳大利亚和新西兰也都批准了月桂酰精氨酸乙酯用于食品防腐剂。同时,鉴于该发明首次提出在化妆品方面的应用,后续研究中发现月桂酰精氨酸乙酯可用于口腔护理方面的产品(例如US20100330136A1、EP2361606A2、EP231603A2),如漱口水、牙膏等,可有效抑制口腔内牙斑的形成,它与漱口水中的其它化学成分兼容且化学性质稳定;月桂酰精氨酸乙酯可用于有局部治疗功效的化妆品中,这些化妆品有以下的特性:抗菌效果,低毒,没有致敏作用,对皮肤没有刺激。目前,研究人员正在研制清洁的洗手液和用于皮肤表面的抑菌剂。
目前,没有使用LAE及其衍生物用于制备药物包裹制品的报道。面对全球最大的医药生产和消费市场,我国需要一种新的高效、抑菌无毒、稳定的药物包裹制品。
发明内容
现有的发明并未教导如何使用单一的LAE成分作为药物包裹制品的用途,也未公开LAE在作为药物包裹制品的适宜浓度。因此,本发明一方面,利用LAE的抑菌效果,首次将其用于药物包裹制品的研究中,并通过实验确定其适宜的使用浓度,以达到有效抗菌防病效果的同时,对环境产生的负面影响小,毒副作用低。另一方面,在以上研究的基础上,根据月桂酰精氨酸乙酯LAE具有抗菌能力强、生物毒性低、体内代谢效果好、与环境相容性高且常温下与其他化合物不发生反应的特点,进一步对LAE进行改进,获得一种新型衍生物,即将LAE与有机酸盐发生缩合反应,从而获得LAE离子对化合物。该离子对化合物作为药物包裹制品成分,相对于LAE具有抑菌效果更好、且使用剂量更低的优点,从而更利于制备天然无毒、稳定的药物包裹制品。
因此,本发明第一个发明目的是提供月桂酰精氨酸乙酯LAE用于制备药物包裹制品的用途,其中,所述药物包裹制品是胶囊(壳)、包衣,所述LAE包括式(I)所示的月桂酰精氨酸乙酯化合物(LAE化合物)或其水合物或药学上可接受的盐。
其中,
X是卤素或者HSO4;优选地,为Br,Cl或者HSO4;
R1是含有8-14个碳原子的直链饱和脂肪酸或含氧酸;优选地,为含有12个碳原子的直链含氧酸;
R2是含有1-18个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪酸或芳香基团;优选地,为含有2个碳原子的直链饱和脂肪酸;
R3是下列结构的一种:
n的范围是0-4。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述X是Cl,所述式(I)所示的化合物是月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(LAEHCl),其结构式如下式(II)所示:
在一个实施方案中,所述LAE在药物包裹制品中的质量百分比浓度为0.001-0.01%、0.01-1%或0.01-0.05%、0.05-0.1%、0.1-0.5%、0.5-1%。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述LAE在药物包裹制品中的质量百分比浓度为0.01-0.05%、0.05-0.1%。
本发明第二个发明目的是提供LAE离子对化合物用于制备药物包裹制品的用途,其中所述LAE离子对化合物具有如下式(III)所示结构式:
其中,所述RCOO-有机酸或盐选自具有抗菌活性的水杨酸、甲酸、甲酸铵、甲酸钙、乙酸、双乙酸钠、丙酸、丙酸铵、丙酸钠、丙酸钙、丁酸、丁酸钠、乳酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、富马酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钙、酒石酸、苹果酸、磷酸、碳酸钠、草酸或碳酸。在一个优选实施方案中,所述有机酸选自烟酸、酒石酸、草酸、水杨酸。
在一个实施方案中,所述LAE离子对在药物包裹制品中的质量百分比浓度为0.001-0.01%、0.01-1%或0.01-0.05%、0.05-0.1%、0.1-0.5%、0.5-1%。在一个优选实施方案中,所述LAE在药物包裹制品中的质量百分比浓度为0.01-0.05%、0.05-0.1%。
本发明第三个发明目的是提供制备含有上述LAE离子对化合物的药物包裹制品的方法,步骤包括:
(1)加热溶解式(II)所示的化合物,而后加入有机酸盐溶液;
(2)充分搅拌混匀,并在加热的条件下,反应生成LAE离子度化合物,所述反应如下反应式所示:
其中,所述RCOO-有机酸或盐选自具有抗菌活性的水杨酸、甲酸、甲酸铵、甲酸钙、乙酸、双乙酸钠、丙酸、丙酸铵、丙酸钠、丙酸钙、丁酸、丁酸钠、乳酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、富马酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钙、酒石酸、苹果酸、磷酸、碳酸钠、草酸或碳酸。在一个优选实施方案中,所述有机酸选自烟酸、酒石酸、草酸、水杨酸。
(3)充分反应后,冷却室温,纯化后真空干燥,从而制备式(III)所示的月桂酰精氨酸乙酯有机酸离子对化合物;
(4)在容器中,在常温、常压下加入药物包裹材料的基质溶液,并加入上述LAE离子对化合物,通过泵循环充分搅拌后,通过常规方法加工后,得到所述药物包裹制品。
步骤(1)中,所述加热溶解的温度为50℃-100℃;优选地,为90℃。
步骤(2)中,所述反应的温度为50℃-100℃;优选地,为90℃。
步骤(2)中,所述反应的时间为50℃-100℃;优选地,为90℃。
步骤(3)中,所述真空干燥的条件为50℃-100℃;优选地,为60℃。
步骤(4)中,所述容器优选为不锈钢制或惰性材质的容器。
在一个实施方案中,其中,所述RCOO-有机酸或盐选自具有抗菌活性的水杨酸、甲酸、甲酸铵、甲酸钙、乙酸、双乙酸钠、丙酸、丙酸铵、丙酸钠、丙酸钙、丁酸、丁酸钠、乳酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、富马酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钙、酒石酸、苹果酸、磷酸、碳酸钠、草酸或碳酸。在一个优选实施方案中,所述有机酸盐选自烟酸钠、酒石酸钠、草酸钠。
在另一实施方案中,所述RCOO-有机酸盐的制备方法如下:将所述有机酸加入甲醇溶液中,并加入适量的NaOH,室温搅拌直至析出白色固体,抽滤并用甲醇分洗涤,得到有机酸盐。
本发明第四个目的是提供含有上述作为抑菌剂或防腐剂的LAE或其离子对化合物的药物包裹制品。
术语和定义:
月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(Ethyl lauroylarginate,LAE)是一种由脂肪酸和二元氨基酸缩合而成的有机物,为白色吸湿性固体,在pH3~7范围内化学性质稳定,熔点50~58℃,该温度下247g的LAE可分散于1kg的水中,它在水和油中的分配系数大于10,即主要存在于水相中。研究发现,月桂酰精氨酸乙酯LAE具有抗菌能力强、生物毒性低、体内代谢效果好、与环境相容性高的特点。而其中最具代表性的特点是月桂酰精氨酸乙酯代谢无残留,相关研究显示月桂酰精氨酸乙酯在人体与动物体内可快速进行自然代谢,生成月桂酸和精氨酸,进一步被代谢为鸟氨酸、尿素、二氧化碳和水。月桂酰精氨酸乙酯代谢过程中所产生的所有初级代谢产物及终产物都是无毒无害的,与人和动物日常摄取的食物在体内的代谢产物相同。
本发明对LAE的衍生物进行改进,突破对于衍生物开发的传统思路,即不再局限于选择传统上适于LAE的酸、碱、盐/酯的合适形态,或对LEA进行酸、碱、盐或酯化基团的处理,而是创造性的选择一种能够增强LAE的抑菌协同效应的酸根基团,并将二者非常规地通过分子间强烈的离子键结合成新的衍生物,即离子对化合物,从而显著地提高了LAE衍生物在药物包裹制品中的用途。
技术效果
本发明药物包裹制品的优点是:
创造性使用LAE离子对化合物作为药物包裹制品中的抑菌剂,在保留药物包裹制品的成本低廉、制作工艺简单、稳定性好的优点的同时,还具有抑菌效果显著,成分单一且制备简单,对人体无伤害,易于被生物分解代谢,易于长期保存等优点。
附图说明
图1:LAE离子对化合物的阳离子B+分子离子峰的ESI质谱图;
图2:LAE烟酸离子对化合物的阴离子A-分子离子峰的ESI质谱图;
图3:LAE的1H-NMR的峰形和化学位移图;
图4:烟酸的1H-NMR的峰形和化学位移图;
图5:LAE烟酸离子对的1H-NMR的峰形和化学位移图;
图6:LAE酒石酸离子对化合物的阴离子A-分子离子峰的ESI质谱图。
具体实施方式
结合以下具体实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的保护内容不局限于以下实施例。在不背离发明构思的精神和范围下,本领域技术人员能够想到的变化和优点都被包括在本发明中,并且以所附的权利要求书为保护范围。实施本发明的过程、条件、试剂、实验方法等,除以下专门提及的内容之外,均为本领域的普遍知识和公知常识,本发明没有特别限制内容。
实施例一:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐与烟酸合成离子对化合物的制备方法
将烟酸钠(购于梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司)2.0g溶于50mL水中,配制成烟酸钠盐水溶液(A);将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐6.8g溶于40mL水中,加热至90℃,直至月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐全部溶解,制成月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B);在90℃条件下将烟酸钠盐水溶液(A)缓慢加入到月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B)中,不断搅拌,反应2小时,冷却至室温,过滤,用纯净水充分洗涤沉淀,沉淀60℃真空干燥,即得烟酸离子对化合物7.6g。
实施例二 月桂酰精氨酸乙酯烟酸离子对化合物分子式、分子量的分析
通过质谱、1H-NMR、13C-NMR波谱分析所得到的化合物分子式为:
1.质谱(ESI)分析
阳离子B+分子离子峰的m/z=385.3,参见图1;
阴离子A-分子离子峰的m/z=122.1,参见图2。
烟酸离子对化合物中阳离子的理论计算值为507.4,实测值与理论值吻合。
2.NMR分析
将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(参见图3)、烟酸的1H-NMR(参见图4)和LAE烟酸离子对化合物的1H-NMR(参见图5)相比较。由于LAE离子对化合物在成盐过程中,在该离子对化合物中月桂酰精氨酸乙酯的峰形及化学位移变化不大,但烟酸上的所有氢都有位移变化,其波谱特征与原无机酸盐(即LAE盐酸盐)相比,酸碱两部分空间距离更加接近,产生影响,因此其与原LAE及其盐酸盐相比,产生相应变化,并不是简单的酸碱两部分的迭加,例如在纯净水洗涤沉淀时,溶解性已发生改变,这说明月桂酰精氨酸乙酯的所有氢核与烟酸之间产生了强相互作用,并通过强烈的离子键形成了稳定的单一化合物结构。
实施例三:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐与酒石酸合成离子对化合物的制备方法
将酒石酸(购于梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司)2.0g溶于50mL甲醇中,加入当量的NaOH,室温搅拌直至析出白色固体,抽滤并用30mL甲醇分三次洗涤,得到酒石酸钠盐。酒石酸钠盐溶于50mL水中,配制成酒石酸钠盐水溶液(A);将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐5.6g溶于40mL水中,加热至90℃,直至月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐全部溶解,制成月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B);在90℃条件下将酒石酸钠盐水溶液(A)缓慢加入到月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B)中,不断搅拌,反应2小时,冷却至室温,过滤,用纯净水充分洗涤沉淀,沉淀60℃真空干燥,即得酒石酸离子对化合物6.3g。
实施例四 月桂酰精氨酸乙酯酒石酸离子对化合物分子量的分析
质谱(ESI)分析阳离子B+分子离子峰的m/z=385.3(参见图1)
阴离子A-分子离子峰的m/z=149.0(参见图6)
烟酸离子对化合物中阳离子的理论计算值为534.3,实测值与理论值吻合。
实施例五:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐与草酸合成离子对化合物的制备方法
将草酸(购于探索有限公司)1.0g溶于50mL甲醇中,加入当量的NaOH,室温搅拌直至析出白色固体,抽滤并用30mL甲醇分三次洗涤,得到草酸钠盐。草酸钠盐溶于50mL水中,配制成草酸钠盐水溶液(A);将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐4.7g溶于40mL水中,加热至90℃,直至月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐全部溶解,制成月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B);在90℃条件下将草酸钠盐水溶液(A)缓慢加入到月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B)中,不断搅拌,反应2小时,冷却至室温,过滤,用纯净水充分洗涤沉淀,沉淀60℃真空干燥,即得草酸离子对化合物5.0g。
按照实施例二的方法,进行NMR分析和ESI分析,结果表明该离子对化合物的波谱特征不是简单的酸碱两部分的迭加,酸碱两部分空间距离接近,产生影响,其波谱数据与原LAE及其盐酸盐相比,产生相应变化,例如在纯净水洗涤沉淀时,溶解性已发生改变,这说明月桂酰精氨酸乙酯的所有氢核与草酸之间产生了强相互作用,并通过强烈的离子键形成了稳定的单一化合物结构。
实施例六:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐与碳酸合成离子对化合物的制备方法
将碳酸钠(购于探索有限公司)1.0g溶于50mL水中,配制成碳酸钠水溶液(A);将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐4.0g溶于40mL水中,加热至90℃,直至月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐全部溶解,制成月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B);在90℃条件下将碳酸钠水溶液(A)缓慢加入到月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B)中,不断搅拌,反应2小时,冷却至室温,过滤,用纯净水充分洗涤沉淀,沉淀60℃真空干燥,即得碳酸离子对化合物4.0g。
按照实施例二的方法,进行NMR分析和ESI分析,结果表明该离子对化合物的波谱特征不是简单的酸碱两部分的迭加,酸碱两部分空间距离接近,产生影响,其波谱数据与原LAE及其盐酸盐相比,产生相应变化,这说明月桂酰精氨酸乙酯的所有氢核与碳酸之间产生了强相互作用,并通过强烈的离子键形成了稳定的单一化合物结构。
实施例七:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯离子对化合物体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的测定
原理与目的:根据CLSI规定的微量肉汤稀释法,药物与细菌在96孔板内共孵育24h后,细菌生长被抑制的最小药物浓度为该药的最小抑菌浓度。
方法:将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(LAE)及上述所制备的月桂酰精氨酸乙酯有机酸离子对分别用胰酪胨大豆肉汤培养基(TSB)二倍稀释成不同浓度,药物与细菌在96孔板里混合孵育,另设无细菌的空白对照培养基CK1和添加LAE(1000μg/ml)的培养基CK2以及不含药物的细菌正常生长对照培养基CK3。将96孔板放入37℃温箱中孵育24h后测定各孔625nm处的吸光光度值。与空白对照OD625值一致的孔视为细菌无明显生长。细菌无明显生长的药物最低浓度为LAE对细菌的最小抑菌浓度MIC(Minimal Inhibitory Concentration)。
所制备的多种LAE衍生物(离子对化合物)相对于原LAE化合物的抗菌活性的比较结果如下表1所示,其中,括号()中的百分数值代表反应体系中各添加物的质量百分比。
表1 LAE及其离子对化合物对二种细菌的体外抗菌效果
比较 | 大肠杆菌 | 金黄色葡萄球菌 |
LAE | 16(0.0016%) | 8(0.0008%) |
LAE烟酸离子对 | 16(0.0016%) | 4(0.0004%) |
LAE酒石酸离子对 | 16(0.0016%) | 8(0.0008%) |
LAE草酸离子对 | 8(0.0008%) | 8(0.0008%) |
LAE碳酸离子对 | 16(0.0016%) | 16(0.0016%) |
结果分析:
(1)离子对化合物大部分对大肠杆菌保持相同的抗菌活性,尤其是草酸离子对化合物的抗菌活性上升;
(2)离子对化合物大部分对金黄色葡萄球菌保持相同的抗菌活性,碳酸离子对化合物的抗菌活性下降,烟酸离子对化合物的抗菌活性显著上升;
结论:LAE衍生物的离子对化合物,不会对单一成分的原LAE的抗菌活性产生抑制作用,相反有益于抗菌活性。其中,烟酸离子对化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌产生了显著的抑菌效果。
实施例八:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯及其离子对化合物对药物胶囊的致霉微生物的抑制活性测定
原理与目的:
明胶本身是从胶原质中提取的一种水溶性蛋白质,而胶原质是结缔组织中主要的天然蛋白质成分。通过一个受控的提取过程,从动物的皮肤和骨骼中得到明胶,从而制备药物胶囊。在生产明胶过程中,曲霉菌和青霉菌是常见的两种污染真菌。为测试月桂酰精氨酸乙酯及其离子对化合物对药物胶囊的致霉微生物的抑制活性,本实验用抑菌圈法检测了月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(LAE)及其离子对化合物对青霉菌、曲霉菌的抑制效果,从而评估月桂酰精氨酸乙酯及其离子对在药物胶囊中的防霉作用。
方法:将青霉菌或曲霉菌孢子分别放入LB液体培养基、挑真菌单菌落放入PDB液体培养基于室温培养24h,将扩增的菌液均匀地涂布在LB固体培养基的表面。用0.8mm打孔器在培养基上打孔,将不同浓度的月桂酰精氨酸乙酯离子对或阳性防腐剂对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠加入到孔中,每孔约100μl,盖好盖子,置于37℃培养箱培养48h。测量并统计每孔抑菌圈的直径。
结果分析:表2、3分别为LAE离子对化合物对青霉属、曲霉属的抑菌圈结果。LAE及LAE离子对均可以抑制青霉属的生长,LAE、LAE-甲酸离子对、LAE-水杨酸离子对在大于或等于256μg/ml浓度下出现了抑制效果,LAE-烟酸离子对在大于或等于512μg/ml浓度下抑制微杆菌属的生长。LAE及LAE离子对均可以抑制曲霉属的生长,LAE、LAE-甲酸离子对、LAE-水杨酸离子对在大于或等于128μg/ml浓度下出现了抑制效果,LAE-烟酸离子对在大于或等于256μg/ml浓度下抑制微杆菌属的生长。
结论:LAE可以抑制致霉微生物的生长,并且LAE离子对并没有使其抑制致腐微生物的能力丧失,且LAE-烟酸离子对化合物对青霉菌、曲霉菌的抑制作用最强。
表2 LAE及其离子对化合物对青霉属的抑菌圈结果
表3 LAE及其离子对化合物对曲霉属的抑菌圈结果
实施例九、制备包含LAE及其离子对化合物的药物明胶胶囊
步骤1:融胶
将纯化水加热至60℃,然后按表3的物料配比依次将明胶、聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、冰醋酸溶液加入反应器中,在搅拌下加热至85℃,然后加入胶体TiO2,以及适量的LAE或其离子对化合物,继续搅拌保持1h,随后降温至45℃下保温,得到明胶空心胶囊胶液。
步骤2:配色
加入适量食用色素,如姜黄、β-胡萝卜素等进行配色,并用钛白粉进行色泽比较。
步骤:3:蘸胶制胚
调整胶液浓度至20-30%、粘度为600-900cp、胶液温度40-50℃下,将胶液进样至自动蘸胶模具机上进行蘸胶制胚。
步骤4:干燥
将模针将胶囊粗胚通过一系列烤箱,使得大量的空气通过模针之间带走水分而使胶膜干燥,每个烘干箱覆盖一部分的干燥区域。
成品水份应在12-16%范围内,下机时控制在16.5-18.5%左右,通过二次干燥后达到标准,有利于切割。其中,低于10%胶囊变脆而缩皱。高于20%将难于打开胶囊,暴露在40℃以上环境中胶囊缩皱和变形。
步骤5:裁剪和套合
将干燥后的成品至于自动切割机中进行切割和套合,并先后经过初检、印字、终检,最终获得含有0.01%、0.05%浓度的LAE或其离子对化合物的防霉型空心胶囊。
Claims (5)
1.LAE离子对化合物用于制备药物包裹制品的用途,其特征在于,所述药物包裹制品是胶囊/壳、包衣,所述LAE离子对化合物具有如下式(III)所示结构式:
其中,所述RCOO-的有机酸盐选自水杨酸盐、乙酸盐、双乙酸钠、丙酸、丙酸铵、丙酸钠、丙酸钙、丁酸、丁酸钠、乳酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、富马酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸钠;
其中,所述LAE离子对化合物是通过以下缩合反应而制备:
(1)加热溶解式(II)所示的化合物,而后加入RCOO-的有机酸盐溶液;
(2)充分搅拌混匀,并在加热至90℃的条件下发生缩合反应得到LAE离子对化合物,所述缩合反应如下反应式所示:
(3)充分反应后,冷却室温,纯净水洗涤纯化后真空干燥,从而制备纯化的LAE离子对化合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述LAE离子对化合物在药物包裹制品中的质量百分比浓度为0.001-0.01%、0.01-1%、或0.01-0.05%、0.05-0.1%、0.1-0.5%、0.5-1%。
3.一种药物包裹制品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)加热溶解式(II)所示的化合物,而后加入RCOO-的有机酸盐溶液;
(2)充分搅拌混匀,并在加热至90℃的条件下,通过发生下述缩合反应生成LAE离子对化合物,所述缩合反应如下反应式所示:
其中,RCOO-有机酸盐选自水杨酸盐、乙酸盐、双乙酸钠、丙酸铵、丙酸钠、丙酸钙、丁酸钠、苯甲酸钠山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、富马酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、磷酸盐、碳酸钠;
(3)充分反应后,冷却室温,纯净水洗涤纯化后真空干燥,从而制备纯化的LAE离子对化合物;
(4)在容器中,在常温、常压下加入药物包裹材料的基质溶液,并加入上述LAE离子对化合物,通过泵循环充分搅拌后,通过常规方法加工后,得到所述药物包裹制品。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述RCOO-的有机酸盐的制备方法如下:将所述有机酸加入甲醇溶液中,并加入适量的NaOH,室温搅拌直至析出白色固体,抽滤并用甲醇洗涤,得到所述有机酸盐。
5.通过如权利要求3或4所述的方法制备得到的离子对化合物的药物包裹制品。
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