CN110352959B - 抗菌型保鲜膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
抗菌型保鲜膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110352959B CN110352959B CN201910549266.4A CN201910549266A CN110352959B CN 110352959 B CN110352959 B CN 110352959B CN 201910549266 A CN201910549266 A CN 201910549266A CN 110352959 B CN110352959 B CN 110352959B
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- lae
- ion pair
- acid
- preservative film
- pair compound
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- A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
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Abstract
本发明提供一种抗菌型保鲜膜,其包括月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(LAE)或其离子对衍生物。本发明还提供制备含有所述月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(LAE)及其离子对衍生物的保鲜膜的方法及其制备的保鲜膜。本发明的保鲜膜,具有抑菌无毒、性能稳定、易于加工的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌型保鲜膜,具体是涉及含有月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐及其衍生物(离子对化合物)的保鲜膜,该月桂酰精氨酸乙酯离子对具有抗菌效果,能帮助保鲜膜在包覆保鲜功能的同时,还能保持稳定和发挥抗菌等协同效果。
背景技术
保鲜膜通常是指一类有适度的透氧性和不透湿性,能够调节被保鲜品周围的氧气含量和水分含量,阻隔空气中的灰尘,延长食品的保鲜期的薄膜状制品。目前市场上常见保鲜膜产品主要有三类:聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)保鲜膜。这三类都是石油提取的乙烯为母料聚合而成,在“白色污染”日益严重的今天,市售保鲜膜因其较差的降解性在环境中不易分解,导致环保性能欠佳。此外,这些保鲜膜还存在增塑剂安全性问题、标准不够规范、成本较高、新原料新工艺制备的保鲜膜较少等问题。如今,保鲜膜由过去的单一组分向具有多种功能性质的,由多种生物大分子、脂类等制成的复合膜等方向发展,而且要兼具有制备工艺简单、原材料取材低廉环保、保鲜效果好、易生物降解等外在需求。
保鲜膜本身不具有抑菌功能,其主要是通过降低贮藏环境中的氧气浓度和适当提高二氧化碳的浓度,抑制新鲜果蔬的呼吸作用,减弱呼吸强度,降低新陈代谢速度,延缓衰老,减少果蔬内有效成分的降低和消耗,从而抑制某些生理病害的发生发展。
细菌、霉菌等致病性微生物危害着人类健康与生活环境,它种类繁多、繁殖快速、危害极大。在食品加工与保鲜过程中,常常由于微生物的污染而加快了食品腐败变质的速度,导致食品安全问题。因此,在保鲜材料加工过程中直接添加防霉剂,通过其对特定霉菌、细菌、真菌、酵母菌等微生物产生敏感性抑制作用,从而发挥防霉效果明。
根据联合国世界卫生组织、国际环境保护委员会、世界粮农组织以及国际防癌联合会等的有关要求,防霉剂应符合以下五个基本条件:①对霉菌有高效和广谱的作用;②对人体的毒性尽可能小,对禽、畜、鱼类低毒,并且不易形成累积性毒害作用;③稳定性好,与保鲜材料相溶性好,应无色、无味、无刺激性;④对环境的污染要小;⑤来源广,价格低。
为了提高保鲜膜的抑菌功能,常用方法主要是将能够杀菌的金属离子,如银离子、铜离子、锌离子等,加入薄膜材料中,通过高温融合、挤出、吹膜等工艺,可造出适合食品、医用的抑菌型保鲜膜。然而,这类抑菌保鲜膜制作成本过高,且要求工艺复杂,易于造出有害金属污染。同时,抗菌性材料如银离子不稳定,在紫外线下易于发生反应,从而失去抗菌性能。
也可使用有机防霉剂用于制备保鲜膜材料。有机防霉剂种类繁多,其中包括酚类、有机酸类、醚类、酯类、环氧化物类、噻挫类、腈类、咪唑类、季铵盐类、双胍类等。有机防霉剂初始杀菌力强、广谱性和防霉即效性好,不管是液态还是粉末状态,大部分能在树脂中分散,技术较成熟。但有机防霉剂也存在许多缺点,如毒性安全性比较差,易使微生物产生耐药性,热稳定性差,遇热、光等易挥发或氧化、分解,防霉寿命短等,在塑料加工过程中,经过高温、高压、高剪切时,防霉效果降低甚至失效或产生有毒副作用的产物。
为了避免以上缺陷,使用天然防霉剂成为了研究热点。天然防霉剂主要来自于天然物质的提取物中,包括芥末提取液、绿芥末精油、脱乙酰壳多糖、日扁柏素、香辣料、椿树油、蓖麻油、酸性物质、碱性物质、油脂等。天然防霉剂无毒、生物相容性好,但其防霉功能差、易失效、耐热性差,一般在150-18(rc就开始碳化分解,而且大部分天然防霉剂具有特殊气味,易使食品产生异味或变色,为此,应用范围受到极大限制。对于天然防霉剂,应用较广的是壳聚糖。Allen等在1979年就提出了壳聚糖具有广谱的防霉性、无毒等特点。Entsar等研究表明:相对分子质量、pH以及脱乙酰度等均对壳聚糖的防霉性有一定的影响,一般pH=5.5-6.5时防霉性最强,分子量在104-105时防霉性能良好,随着脱乙醜度增加防霉性增强。张美云等制备了2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(HACC)壳聚糖衍生物,该物质对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等有明显的抑制作用。然而,这类天然防霉剂在稳定性和抑菌广谱性仍然存在一定的缺陷。
基于以上的问题,目前需要一种既能有效提高保鲜膜的抑菌效果,同时热稳定性好和易于加工,并且能够长期保存性能稳定保鲜膜抑菌材料。
月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(Ethyl lauroylarginate,LAE)是一种由脂肪酸和二元氨基酸缩合而成的有机物,为白色吸湿性固体,在pH3~7范围内化学性质稳定,熔点50~58℃,该温度下247g的LAE可分散于1kg的水中,它在水和油中的分配系数大于10,即主要存在于水相中。研究发现,月桂酰精氨酸乙酯LAE具有抗菌能力强、生物毒性低、体内代谢效果好、与环境相容性高的特点。而其中最具代表性的特点是月桂酰精氨酸乙酯代谢无残留,相关研究显示月桂酰精氨酸乙酯在人体与动物体内可快速进行自然代谢,生成月桂酸和精氨酸,进一步被代谢为鸟氨酸、尿素、二氧化碳和水。月桂酰精氨酸乙酯代谢过程中所产生的所有初级代谢产物及终产物都是无毒无害的,与人和动物日常摄取的食物在体内的代谢产物相同。因此,LAE既具有有机防霉剂的稳定性优点,同时具有天然防霉剂的无毒性的优点,成为防霉、防腐的应用热点。
例如,中国专利申请CN201710056593、发明名称为“一种果蔬防腐保鲜剂及其制备方法和应用”公开了以月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和尼泊金甲酯钠为主要活性成分的组合物来作为果蔬防腐保鲜剂,能够有效抑制导致果蔬腐烂的细菌生长。然而,该发明中高浓度的尼泊金甲酯钠(2000μg/ml)的单独抑菌效果强于低浓度的LAE(1000μg/ml),这是因为其具有酚羟基结构,抗菌性能远远强于苯甲酸、山梨酸,因此在保证防腐性能的前提下,该方法明确指出使用尼泊金甲酯钠代替LAE,有助于降低防腐剂的用量成本。
中国专利申请CN201510748675、发明名称为“采用月桂酰精氨酸乙酯抑制酒精发酵污染微生物的方法”公开了采用月桂酰精氨酸乙酯抑制酒精发酵污染微生物的方法,该方法包括将LAE及其盐类化合物,以低于50μg/ml的浓度加入酿酒酵母的发酵液中,能有效抑制乳酸菌的生长,并控制其他污染微生物的生长。然而,该抑菌剂在一定程度上轻微影响酵母菌的生长,并导致酒精产量降低0.6%。
中国专利申请CN201610466729、发明名称为“一种温和的婴童洗发沐浴泡泡”公开了一种温和的婴童洗发沐浴泡泡,其针对婴童毛发及肤质的特点,选用椰油酰谷氨酸二钠、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱及磺酸羟丙酯月桂基葡糖苷交联聚合物钠复配作为表面活性剂体系,选用山茶籽油、α-葡聚糖寡糖/菊粉复配物作为调理成分,野菊花提取物和月桂酰精氨酸乙酯HCl复配作为防腐体系,该发明中各原料互相协作,清洁效果好,温和无刺激。
中国专利申请CN201280073013、发明名称为“协同作用的抗微生物剂”公开通过将有效量的N-α-长链烷酰基二元氨基酸烷基酯盐与甘油单脂肪酸酯组合提供协同作用的抗微生物组合物,产生更有效的抗微生物剂和食品防腐剂。同时,中国专利申请CN200810131638、发明名称为“杀微生物剂组合物”公开甲基异噻唑啉酮和LAE的组合物用于制备抗微生物剂和食品防腐剂的用途。然而,该方法涉及包括LAE在内的多种抑菌成分,并未研究LAE的单独抑菌作用。同时,该发明仅仅教导了所述组合物用于日用产品、清洁剂、伤口护理组合物、各类食品、各类医用清洁产品等用途,并未教导如何将单一的LAE成分用于禽畜水产的抗菌性饲料的用途。
中国专利申请CN201280027864、发明名称为“具有改进的耐水性的化妆防晒制剂或皮肤科防晒制剂”公开一种LAE用于制备化妆防晒制剂或皮肤科防晒制剂的用途,该制剂除了UV滤光剂之外还包括乳化剂聚甘油-10硬脂酸酯。
作为最接近的现有技术,中国专利申请CN200580051259,发明名称为“包括阳离子表面活性剂的防腐体系”首次公开LAE及其盐酸盐用于防腐体系中的用途,在食品、化妆品中添加包含0.2g/kg LAE的该体系从而起到防腐作用。该发明研究了LAE的抑菌机理,并提出如何将LAE用于食品、化妆品等防腐作用的应用,因此美国食品安全局于2005年批准月桂酰精氨酸乙酯用于食品防腐剂;2012年欧盟食品安全局、澳大利亚和新西兰也都批准了月桂酰精氨酸乙酯用于食品防腐剂。同时,鉴于该发明首次提出在化妆品方面的应用,后续研究中发现月桂酰精氨酸乙酯可用于口腔护理方面的产品(例如US20100330136A1、EP2361606A2、EP231603A2),如漱口水、牙膏等,可有效抑制口腔内牙斑的形成,它与漱口水中的其它化学成分兼容且化学性质稳定;月桂酰精氨酸乙酯可用于有局部治疗功效的化妆品中,这些化妆品有以下的特性:抗菌效果,低毒,没有致敏作用,对皮肤没有刺激。目前,研究人员正在研制清洁的洗手液和用于皮肤表面的抑菌剂。
综上所述,现有技术中已经开展对LAE的研究,但还未涉及将LAE、甚至是LAE衍生物用于制备防霉型保鲜膜材料的报道。
发明内容
现有的发明并未教导如何使用单一的LAE成分作为保鲜膜抑菌防霉材料的用途,也未公开LAE在作为保鲜膜抑菌材料的适宜浓度。因此,本发明一方面,利用LAE的抑菌防霉效果,首次将其用于抑菌防霉保鲜膜的研究中,并通过实验确定其适宜的使用浓度,以达到有效抑菌防霉效果的同时,对环境产生的负面影响小,毒副作用低。另一方面,在以上研究的基础上,根据月桂酰精氨酸乙酯LAE具有抑菌防霉能力强、生物毒性低、体内代谢效果好、与环境相容性高且常温下与其他化合物不发生反应的特点,进一步对LAE进行改进,获得一种新型衍生物,即将LAE与有机酸盐发生缩合反应,从而获得LAE离子对化合物。该离子对化合物作为保鲜膜抑菌防霉成分,相对于LAE具有抑菌防霉效果更好、且使用剂量更低的优点,从而更利于制备天然无毒、稳定的抑菌防霉保鲜膜。
因此,本发明第一个发明目的是提供月桂酰精氨酸乙酯LAE用于制备抑菌保鲜膜的用途,其中,所述LAE包括式(I)所示的月桂酰精氨酸乙酯化合物(LAE化合物)或其水合物或药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
X是卤素或者HSO4;优选地,为Br,Cl或者HSO4;
R1是含有8-14个碳原子的直链饱和脂肪酸或含氧酸;优选地,为含有12个碳原子的直链含氧酸;
R2是含有1-18个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪酸或芳香基团;优选地,为含有2个碳原子的直链饱和脂肪酸;
R3是下列结构的一种:
n的范围是0-4。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述X是Cl,所述式(I)所示的化合物是月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(LAEHCl),其结构式如下式(II)所示:
其中,所述LAE在保鲜膜原料中的质量百分比浓度为0.01-2%;优选地,为0.01-1%、0.1-1%、1-2%、1.5-2%。
本发明第二个发明目的是提供LAE离子对化合物用于制备抑菌保鲜膜的用途,其中所述LAE离子对化合物具有如下式(III)所示结构式:
其中,所述RCOO-有机酸或盐选自具有抗菌活性的水杨酸、甲酸、甲酸铵、甲酸钙、乙酸、双乙酸钠、丙酸、丙酸铵、丙酸钠、丙酸钙、丁酸、丁酸钠、乳酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、富马酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钙、酒石酸、苹果酸、磷酸、碳酸钠、草酸或碳酸。在一个优选实施方案中,所述有机酸选自烟酸、酒石酸、草酸。
在一个实施方案中,所述LAE离子对在保鲜膜原料中的质量百分比浓度为0.01-2%;优选地,为0.01-1%、0.1-1%、1-2%、1.5-2%。
本发明第三个发明目的是提供制备含有上述LAE离子对化合物的抑菌保鲜膜的方法,步骤包括:
(1)加热溶解式(II)所示的化合物,而后加入有机酸盐溶液;
(2)充分搅拌混匀,并在加热的条件下,反应生成LAE离子度化合物,所述反应如下反应式所示:
其中,所述RCOO-有机酸或盐选自具有抗菌活性的水杨酸、甲酸、甲酸铵、甲酸钙、乙酸、双乙酸钠、丙酸、丙酸铵、丙酸钠、丙酸钙、丁酸、丁酸钠、乳酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、富马酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钙、酒石酸、苹果酸、磷酸、碳酸钠、草酸或碳酸。在一个优选实施方案中,所述有机酸选自烟酸、酒石酸、草酸、水杨酸。
(3)充分反应后,冷却室温,纯化后真空干燥,从而制备式(III)所示的月桂酰精氨酸乙酯有机酸离子对化合物;
(4)在容器中,在常温、常压下加入保鲜膜原料的基质溶液,并加入上述LAE离子对化合物,通过充分搅拌后,通过常规方法加工后,得到所述保鲜膜。
步骤(1)中,所述加热溶解的温度为50℃-100℃;优选地,为90℃。
步骤(2)中,所述反应的温度为50℃-100℃;优选地,为90℃。
步骤(2)中,所述反应的时间为50℃-100℃;优选地,为90℃。
步骤(3)中,所述真空干燥的条件为50℃-100℃;优选地,为60℃。
步骤(4)中,所述容器优选为不锈钢制或惰性材质的容器。
在一个实施方案中,其中,所述RCOO-有机酸或盐选自具有抗菌活性的水杨酸、甲酸、甲酸铵、甲酸钙、乙酸、双乙酸钠、丙酸、丙酸铵、丙酸钠、丙酸钙、丁酸、丁酸钠、乳酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、富马酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸钙、酒石酸、苹果酸、磷酸、碳酸钠、草酸或碳酸。在一个优选实施方案中,所述有机酸盐选自烟酸钠、酒石酸钠、草酸钠。
在另一实施方案中,所述RCOO-有机酸盐的制备方法如下:将所述有机酸加入甲醇溶液中,并加入适量的NaOH,室温搅拌直至析出白色固体,抽滤并用甲醇分洗涤,得到有机酸盐。
本发明第四个目的是提供含有上述作为抑菌剂或防霉剂的LAE或其离子对化合物的保鲜膜。
在上述任一实施方案中,所述抑菌防霉型保鲜膜是指在常规保鲜膜材料,包含上述LAE或其离子对衍生物的成分。
术语和定义:
月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(Ethyl lauroylarginate,LAE)是一种由脂肪酸和二元氨基酸缩合而成的有机物,为白色吸湿性固体,在pH3~7范围内化学性质稳定,熔点50~58℃,该温度下247g的LAE可分散于1kg的水中,它在水和油中的分配系数大于10,即主要存在于水相中。研究发现,月桂酰精氨酸乙酯LAE具有抗菌能力强、生物毒性低、体内代谢效果好、与环境相容性高的特点。而其中最具代表性的特点是月桂酰精氨酸乙酯代谢无残留,相关研究显示月桂酰精氨酸乙酯在人体与动物体内可快速进行自然代谢,生成月桂酸和精氨酸,进一步被代谢为鸟氨酸、尿素、二氧化碳和水。月桂酰精氨酸乙酯代谢过程中所产生的所有初级代谢产物及终产物都是无毒无害的,与人和动物日常摄取的食物在体内的代谢产物相同。
本发明对LAE的衍生物进行改进,突破对于衍生物开发的传统思路,即不再局限于选择传统上适于LAE的酸、碱、盐/酯的合适形态,或对LEA进行酸、碱、盐或酯化基团的处理,而是创造性的选择一种能够增强LAE的抑菌协同效应的酸根基团,并将二者非常规地通过分子间强烈的离子键结合成新的衍生物,即离子对化合物,从而显著地提高了LAE衍生物在抑菌保鲜膜中的用途。
技术效果
本发明保鲜膜的优点是:
创造性使用LAE离子对化合物作为保鲜膜中的抑菌剂,在保留保鲜膜的成本低廉、制作工艺简单、稳定性好的优点的同时,还具有抑菌效果显著,成分单一且制备简单,对人体无伤害,易于被生物分解代谢,易于长期保存等优点。
附图说明
图1:LAE离子对化合物的阳离子B+分子离子峰的ESI质谱图;
图2:LAE烟酸离子对化合物的阴离子A-分子离子峰的ESI质谱图;
图3:LAE的1H-NMR的峰形和化学位移图;
图4:烟酸的1H-NMR的峰形和化学位移图;
图5:LAE烟酸离子对的1H-NMR的峰形和化学位移图;
图6:LAE酒石酸离子对化合物的阴离子A-分子离子峰的ESI质谱图。
具体实施方式
结合以下具体实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的保护内容不局限于以下实施例。在不背离发明构思的精神和范围下,本领域技术人员能够想到的变化和优点都被包括在本发明中,并且以所附的权利要求书为保护范围。实施本发明的过程、条件、试剂、实验方法等,除以下专门提及的内容之外,均为本领域的普遍知识和公知常识,本发明没有特别限制内容。
实施例一:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐与烟酸合成离子对化合物的制备方法
将烟酸钠(购于梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司)2.0g溶于50mL水中,配制成烟酸钠盐水溶液(A);将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐6.8g溶于40mL水中,加热至90℃,直至月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐全部溶解,制成月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B);在90℃条件下将烟酸钠盐水溶液(A)缓慢加入到月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B)中,不断搅拌,反应2小时,冷却至室温,过滤,用纯净水充分洗涤沉淀,沉淀60℃真空干燥,即得烟酸离子对化合物7.6g。
实施例二 月桂酰精氨酸乙酯烟酸离子对化合物分子式、分子量的分析
通过质谱、1H-NMR、13C-NMR波谱分析所得到的化合物分子式为:
1.质谱(ESI)分析
阳离子B+分子离子峰的m/z=385.3,参见图1;
阴离子A-分子离子峰的m/z=122.1,参见图2。
烟酸离子对化合物中阳离子的理论计算值为507.4,实测值与理论值吻合。
2.NMR分析
将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(参见图3)、烟酸的1H-NMR(参见图4)和LAE烟酸离子对化合物的1H-NMR(参见图5)相比较。由于LAE离子对化合物在成盐过程中,在该离子对化合物中月桂酰精氨酸乙酯的峰形及化学位移变化不大,但烟酸上的所有氢都有位移变化,其波谱特征与原无机酸盐(即LAE盐酸盐)相比,酸碱两部分空间距离更加接近,产生影响,因此其与原LAE及其盐酸盐相比,产生相应变化,并不是简单的酸碱两部分的迭加,例如在纯净水洗涤沉淀时,溶解性已发生改变,这说明月桂酰精氨酸乙酯的所有氢核与烟酸之间产生了强相互作用,并通过强烈的离子键形成了稳定的单一化合物结构。
实施例三:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐与酒石酸合成离子对化合物的制备方法
将酒石酸(购于梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司)2.0g溶于50mL甲醇中,加入当量的NaOH,室温搅拌直至析出白色固体,抽滤并用30mL甲醇分三次洗涤,得到酒石酸钠盐。酒石酸钠盐溶于50mL水中,配制成酒石酸钠盐水溶液(A);将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐5.6g溶于40mL水中,加热至90℃,直至月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐全部溶解,制成月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B);在90℃条件下将酒石酸钠盐水溶液(A)缓慢加入到月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B)中,不断搅拌,反应2小时,冷却至室温,过滤,用纯净水充分洗涤沉淀,沉淀60℃真空干燥,即得酒石酸离子对化合物6.3g。
实施例四 月桂酰精氨酸乙酯酒石酸离子对化合物分子量的分析
质谱(ESI)分析阳离子B+分子离子峰的m/z=385.3(参见图1)
阴离子A-分子离子峰的m/z=149.0(参见图6)
烟酸离子对化合物中阳离子的理论计算值为534.3,实测值与理论值吻合。
实施例五:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐与草酸合成离子对化合物的制备方法
将草酸(购于探索有限公司)1.0g溶于50mL甲醇中,加入当量的NaOH,室温搅拌直至析出白色固体,抽滤并用30mL甲醇分三次洗涤,得到草酸钠盐。草酸钠盐溶于50mL水中,配制成草酸钠盐水溶液(A);将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐4.7g溶于40mL水中,加热至90℃,直至月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐全部溶解,制成月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B);在90℃条件下将草酸钠盐水溶液(A)缓慢加入到月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B)中,不断搅拌,反应2小时,冷却至室温,过滤,用纯净水充分洗涤沉淀,沉淀60℃真空干燥,即得草酸离子对化合物5.0g。
按照实施例二的方法,进行NMR分析和ESI分析,结果表明该离子对化合物的波谱特征不是简单的酸碱两部分的迭加,酸碱两部分空间距离接近,产生影响,其波谱数据与原LAE及其盐酸盐相比,产生相应变化,例如在纯净水洗涤沉淀时,溶解性已发生改变,这说明月桂酰精氨酸乙酯的所有氢核与草酸之间产生了强相互作用,并通过强烈的离子键形成了稳定的单一化合物结构。
实施例六:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐与碳酸合成离子对化合物的制备方法
将碳酸钠(购于探索有限公司)1.0g溶于50mL水中,配制成碳酸钠水溶液(A);将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐4.0g溶于40mL水中,加热至90℃,直至月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐全部溶解,制成月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B);在90℃条件下将碳酸钠水溶液(A)缓慢加入到月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液(B)中,不断搅拌,反应2小时,冷却至室温,过滤,用纯净水充分洗涤沉淀,沉淀60℃真空干燥,即得碳酸离子对化合物4.0g。
按照实施例二的方法,进行NMR分析和ESI分析,结果表明该离子对化合物的波谱特征不是简单的酸碱两部分的迭加,酸碱两部分空间距离接近,产生影响,其波谱数据与原LAE及其盐酸盐相比,产生相应变化,这说明月桂酰精氨酸乙酯的所有氢核与碳酸之间产生了强相互作用,并通过强烈的离子键形成了稳定的单一化合物结构。
实施例七:月桂酰精氨酸乙酯离子对化合物体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的测定
原理与目的:根据CLSI规定的微量肉汤稀释法,药物与细菌在96孔板内共孵育24h后,细菌生长被抑制的最小药物浓度为该药的最小抑菌浓度。
方法:将月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(LAE)及上述所制备的月桂酰精氨酸乙酯有机酸离子对分别用胰酪胨大豆肉汤培养基(TSB)二倍稀释成不同浓度,药物与细菌在96孔板里混合孵育,另设无细菌的空白对照培养基CK1和添加LAE(1000μg/ml)的培养基CK2以及不含药物的细菌正常生长对照培养基CK3。将96孔板放入37℃温箱中孵育24h后测定各孔625nm处的吸光光度值。与空白对照OD625值一致的孔视为细菌无明显生长。细菌无明显生长的药物最低浓度为LAE对细菌的最小抑菌浓度MIC(Minimal Inhibitory Concentration)。
所制备的多种LAE衍生物(离子对化合物)相对于原LAE化合物的抗菌活性的比较结果如下表1所示。
表1 LAE及其离子对化合物对二种细菌的体外抗菌效果
比较 | 大肠杆菌 | 金黄色葡萄球菌 |
LAE | 16(0.0016%) | 8(0.0008%) |
LAE烟酸离子对 | 16(0.0016%) | 4(0.0004%) |
LAE酒石酸离子对 | 16(0.0016%) | 8(0.0008%) |
LAE草酸离子对 | 8(0.0008%) | 8(0.0008%) |
LAE碳酸离子对 | 16(0.0016%) | 16(0.0016%) |
结果分析:
(1)LAE离子对化合物大部分对大肠杆菌保持相同的抗菌活性,尤其是LAE草酸离子对化合物的抗菌活性上升;
(2)LAE离子对化合物大部分对金黄色葡萄球菌保持相同的抗菌活性,LAE碳酸离子对化合物的抗菌活性下降,LAE烟酸离子对化合物的抗菌活性显著上升;
结论:LAE衍生物的离子对化合物,不会对单一成分的原LAE的抗菌活性产生抑制作用,相反有益于抗菌活性。其中,烟酸离子对化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌产生了显著的抑菌效果。
实施例八:测试LAE及其离子对化合物对保鲜膜的防霉的效果
原理与目的:
青霉菌、曲霉菌是引起食物霉变的主要微生物,本实验用抑菌圈法检测了月桂酰精氨酸乙酯(LAE)离子对化合物的保鲜膜对青霉菌、曲霉菌的抑制效果,从而评估月桂酰精氨酸乙酯离子对的防霉作用。
一、复合保鲜膜的制备
1、制备含LAE及其衍生物的保鲜膜
按3:1的比例将LLDPE树脂和LDPE树脂进行混合,同时加入LAE或LAE烟酸离子对化合物充分混合,在双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混后,再以140℃进行挤出复合母粒。将复合母粒加入到吹膜机中在150℃下吹塑成膜,制成厚度约0.02mm的薄膜,所加入的LAE、LAE烟酸离子对化合物的质量百分比浓度如表2所示。
2、制备对照壳聚糖溶液薄膜
按照表2所示的浓度,将一定量的壳聚糖溶解在体积分数为1%的乙酸溶液中,加热搅拌,使其充分溶解,加入一定量的三偏磷酸钠,让其充分与壳聚糖交联,反应1h。依次加入硅溶胶、油酸和甘油,将该溶液脱泡后流延于有机玻璃板上,烘干,揭膜,再浸入2%的氢氧化钠溶液中以中和残留酸,用蒸馏水洗涤成中性,最后将膜四周用透明胶固定,室温晾干,即得到光滑平整的壳聚糖膜。
二、测试保鲜膜的防霉作用
通过抑菌圈法测试复合膜对青霉菌或曲霉菌的防霉效果。将青霉菌或曲霉菌孢子分别放入LB液体培养基、挑真菌单菌落放入PDB液体培养基于室温培养24h,将扩增的菌液均匀地涂布在LB固体培养基的表面。用1cm打孔器将LAE或其离子对保鲜膜或壳聚糖保鲜膜打孔,获得保鲜膜圆片。然后将原片贴附在培养基上,盖好盖子,置于37℃培养箱培养48h。测量并统计每个保鲜膜样品的抑菌圈的直径。
月桂酰精氨酸乙酯及其离子对化合物对青霉属、曲霉菌的抑菌圈结果如表2所示。
表2
结果分析:
抑菌效果检测结果显示,在0.01-1.0%浓度范围的LAE烟酸离子对,都对霉菌产生或基本产生预期的防霉效果,其中0.5%和1.0%的防霉效果区别不大,均高于高浓度2%壳聚糖的抑菌效果,而低浓度的0.1%的烟酸离子对的防霉效果,略低于壳聚糖的防霉效果,但亦符合生产要求。
LAE烟酸离子对的防霉效果明显优于LAE的防霉效果。这与实施例七的结果一致。
虽然上述试验中,1%剂量组的抑菌效果最高,并且从申请人在先提交的专利申请来看(发明名称:“月桂酰精氨酸乙酯衍生物和作为动物用抗菌剂的用途”、申请号:201810648982.3)的试验数据来看,LAE及其衍生物一定范围内的剂量加大可提高防霉效果,但相对于0.5%剂量组的防霉效果并没有显著的提高,说明0.1%-0.5%的剂量范围已经满足生产需要。
如果提高LAE及其衍生物的添加量,虽然防霉效果相应提高,但过高抑菌率意味着较多的残留,并不有利于人体健康。即使如此,由于本发明的LAE及其衍生物的抑菌防霉剂成分属于天然环保无毒的成分,因此高剂量的添加使用仍然比传统的化学品抑菌剂和防霉剂具有对人体友好亲和的优点,同时相比于天然防霉剂(如壳聚糖)具有添加量低、防霉效果更好的优点。
因此,考虑到生产成本和实际生产需要,因此LAE及其离子对作为保鲜膜的防霉活性成分的质量百分比浓度为0.01-1%、0.1-1%、1-2%或1.5-2%,其中,优选有效浓度为0.1-0.5%、最优选0.5%时能有效防霉,符合生产的需要。
Claims (5)
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述LAE离子对化合物在保鲜膜原料中的质量百分比浓度为0.01-2%。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述RCOO-有机酸盐的制备方法如下:将所述有机酸加入甲醇溶液中,并加入适量的NaOH,室温搅拌直至析出白色固体,抽滤并用甲醇分洗涤,得到有机酸盐。
5.含有如权利要求1或2所述的LAE离子对化合物的保鲜膜,或通过如权利要求3或4所述的方法所制备的LAE离子对化合物的保鲜膜。
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CN108049027A (zh) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-05-18 | 浙江海洋大学 | 一种复合纳米纤维保鲜膜制备及其应用 |
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