CN113545339A - Preparation method of bamboo shoot soaked specimen - Google Patents
Preparation method of bamboo shoot soaked specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN113545339A CN113545339A CN202110785187.0A CN202110785187A CN113545339A CN 113545339 A CN113545339 A CN 113545339A CN 202110785187 A CN202110785187 A CN 202110785187A CN 113545339 A CN113545339 A CN 113545339A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant material preservation and specimen preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a bamboo shoot specimen. The infusion solution used in the infusion process of the method is a mixed solution of glacial acetic acid, formalin and white granulated sugar, and 45-55 ml of glacial acetic acid, 15-25 ml of formalin and 48-52 g of white granulated sugar are added into every 1000ml of distilled water. The method has ideal preservation effect on the bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoot specimen preservation liquid has no turbidity and few precipitates after long-time preservation, the bamboo shoot specimen has good integrity, the variation of the sheath compactness and the bamboo shoot hardness is not obvious, no distortion phenomenon exists, the problems of decolorization, gradual whitening of the sheath color and the like are avoided, and the fidelity effect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant material preservation and specimen preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a bamboo shoot specimen.
Background
The specimen plays an important and indispensable role in the research, teaching and material object display of botany and plant taxonomy, and is especially the plant tissue which has a complex structure, high water content and is difficult to preserve. For plant tissues with various colors, different sizes and more delicate epiphytic structures, the primary specimens are the first choice for scientific research, teaching and display, and the identification and characterization of similar species of the same genus are more important.
The bamboo shoots are germinated bamboo shoots, tissues of the bamboo shoots are tender, the water content is high (more than 90%), substances such as sugar, protein and fat are rich, and the bamboo shoots are tender, crisp and easy to store and are difficult to store for a long time; the bamboo shoot body has a complex structure, and a plurality of tissue structures are attached to the bamboo shoot body, such as bamboo shoot leaves, bamboo shoot tongues, bamboo shoot ears,
The hair and the like have delicate structures, are easy to fall off and lose the original appearance, which brings great difficulty to distinguishing and identifying the bamboo seeds. In addition, the varieties of bamboos are various, more than 1200 bamboo species exist in the world at present, more than 500 bamboo species exist in China, although the plant size ranges from tens of centimeters to dozens of meters, the stem shapes, the leaf colors and the leaf shapes are various, even if the same bamboo species belong to the same genus, the stem shapes and the leaf shapes of the bamboo species are different greatly, and more bamboo species have similar stem colors, stem shapes, leaf colors and leaf shapes. Therefore, the morphological characteristics of the bamboo shoots become the key for distinguishing and distinguishing the bamboo species, and the preparation of the bamboo shoot primary color specimen can provide convenience for the distinguishing and distinguishing of the bamboo species and the research and teaching of bamboo plants.
Bamboo shoots are mostly conical cylinders, the insides of the cylinders are hollow and have a plurality of partitions, and dried or pressed samples can cause deformation, damage and even shedding of periphytic tissues, particularly, shoot sheaths and the like,
Fine structures such as wool cause difficulty in identifying and distinguishing similar or analogous bamboo species. The common preparation method of the soaked specimen can cause bamboo shoots to be decolorized, the preservation solution to be turbid, the bamboo shoots to be rotten and the like, and is not favorable for long-term preservation of the bamboo shoots. At present, a scientific and effective method for preserving bamboo shoots in primary color for a long time does not exist, and the problems of bamboo shoots decoloration, epiphytic tissue shedding, bamboo shoot body decay, turbid preservation solution and the like preserved in liquid are not effectively solved, so that the development of a method suitable for preserving bamboo shoots in primary color and length is urgently neededThe method for preserving and preparing specimen.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method for preparing the bamboo shoot primary color soaked specimen, which has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and no decay, and can preserve the original state of the bamboo shoot for a long time.
The method is mainly improved in that the soaking liquid used in the sample soaking process is a mixed solution of glacial acetic acid, formalin and white granulated sugar, and 45-55 ml of glacial acetic acid, 15-25 ml of formalin and 48-52 g of white granulated sugar are added into every 1000ml of distilled water.
The invention surprisingly discovers that the white granulated sugar, the glacial acetic acid and the formalin are added into the soaking liquid, so that the bamboo shoot sample preservation liquid has an ideal preservation effect on bamboo shoots with extremely high water content (more than 90%), the bamboo shoot sample preservation liquid has no turbidity, few precipitates, good bamboo shoot body integrity, unobvious changes in the sheath compactness and the bamboo shoot hardness, no distortion phenomenon, no problems of decolorization, gradual whitening of the sheath color and the like, and the fidelity effect is good.
Preferably, 48-52 ml of glacial acetic acid, 18-22 ml of formalin and 49-51 g of white granulated sugar are added into every 1000ml of distilled water.
Preferably, the preparation of the specimen comprises the operations of collecting bamboo shoots, finishing the bamboo shoots, disinfecting the surfaces of the bamboo shoots, exhausting the bamboo shoots, fixing the primary colors of the bamboo shoots, soaking the specimen and sealing specimen bottles.
Among the above-mentioned scheme, bamboo shoots exhaust and the fixed operation order of bamboo shoots body colour can be adjusted according to the concrete kind of bamboo shoots, if small-size bamboo species and ground are carried out bamboo shoots earlier and exhaust again and carry out the primary color fixed by the bamboo species needs, to large-scale bamboo species, the order that bamboo shoots exhaust and bamboo shoots body primary color are fixed does not have fixed requirement, can exhaust earlier and fix a color again, also can fix a color earlier and exhaust again.
Preferably, for small bamboo species and ground cover bamboo species, the bamboo shoot is specifically exhausted by placing the bamboo shoot in an air-extracting liquid, and exhausting under a vacuum condition until the bamboo shoot can sink to the bottom of the air-extracting liquid.
Preferably, the gas-extracting liquid is a mixed liquid of formalin and glacial acetic acid, and each 1000ml of the gas-extracting liquid comprises 8-12 ml of formalin and 22-28 ml of glacial acetic acid.
The invention finds that if gas is reserved in the bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoots are easy to float upwards in the specimen bottle in the specimen preparation process, the shaking is easy to damage the bamboo shoot bodies, so that the structures for distinguishing the bamboo shoot types are damaged, the gas in the bamboo shoot bodies can be effectively extracted when the small bamboo species and ground cover bamboo species are treated by the method, and the gas-extracting liquid can play a certain protection role on the bamboo shoots when the small bamboo species and the ground cover bamboo species are placed in water.
Preferably, the air suction is performed in a liquid storage tank, the inner diameter of the liquid storage tank is 40cm, the height of the liquid storage tank is 47.8cm, the height of a liquid storage part is 41.2cm, the top of the liquid storage tank is provided with an air suction control valve I, and vaseline is uniformly coated on the grinding opening part, the periphery of the top control valve I and the joint of the top control valve I, which are connected with each other, of the upper part and the lower part, so that the air leakage of the tank body is prevented. The top valve is connected with a hose with the length of 40cm and the diameter of 12.7mm, then is connected with a three-way control valve (control valves II and III), and then is connected with a hose with the diameter of 12.7mm and 20cm, and then is connected with a vacuum air pump. Pumping for 2-3 times at 85-90kPa for 5-8min each time. When air is extracted, the valves I and II are opened, so that the pipeline between the liquid storage tank and the air extracting pump is unblocked, and the air extracting pump is opened to extract air; when air suction is finished, closing the valve I, closing the valve II, opening the valve III to enable the air path to be communicated with the outside, and if the air suction needs to be carried out for 2 times, opening the valve II, closing the valve III and opening the valve I; if 2 times of air exhaust is not needed, the vacuum pump can be directly closed after the valve I is closed.
Preferably, for large bamboo seeds, the specific operation of the bamboo shoot air exhaust is to punch small holes with the diameter of 2-3 mm at the bottom of the bamboo shoot.
As preferential operation mode, punch 2 ~ 3, the aperture interval is more than 2cm, through the quick entering of above-mentioned operation easy liquid, gaseous discharge helps the bamboo shoot body to sink, stable.
As a specific operation mode, a steel wire with the length of 30-50cm is used for upwards puncturing 2-3 small holes from the bottom of the bamboo shoot body, and the small holes are arranged in a linear or triangular shape at the interval of more than 2 cm.
Preferably, the bamboo shoots are green, the fixing solution used in the process of fixing the primary colors of the bamboo shoots is a mixed solution of copper sulfate, formalin and glacial acetic acid, and each 1000ml of the mixed solution comprises 40-60 g of copper sulfate, 8-12 ml of formalin, 22-28 ml of glacial acetic acid and water for balancing.
Further preferably, the bamboo shoot is a green bamboo, a four-season bamboo, a moustache or a calamus marmoreus.
Preferably, if the bamboo shoots are brown or red, the fixing solution used in the process of fixing the primary colors of the bamboo shoots is a mixed solution of magnesium chloride, boric acid, formalin and glacial acetic acid, wherein each 1000ml of the fixing solution comprises 140-160 g of magnesium chloride, 22-28 g of boric acid, 22-28 ml of formalin and 22-28 ml of glacial acetic acid, and water is added to make up the balance.
Further preferably, the bamboo shoot is moso bamboo, thoroughfare red-shell bamboo, high-knot bamboo or red-fed dendrocalamus latiflorus.
Preferably, the bamboo shoots are light-colored, the fixing solution in primary color fixing of the bamboo shoots is a mixed solution of zinc chloride, copper sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol, a formalin solution and glacial acetic acid, each 1000ml of the fixing solution comprises 22-28 g of zinc chloride, 2-3 g of copper sulfate, 40-60 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, 8-12 ml of formalin and 22-28 ml of glacial acetic acid, and the balance of water is added.
More preferably, the bamboo shoot is selected from the group consisting of a white bamboo, a white bamboo shell and a bamboo.
Preferably, the specific operation of bamboo shoot surface disinfection is as follows:
for large bamboo seeds, spraying 75% alcohol for sterilization, spraying alcohol on the surface of bamboo shoots until the bamboo shoots are wetted by the alcohol and a little alcohol drops, standing in the shade and airing;
or, for small and medium sized bamboo and ground cover bamboo shoots, completely placing the bamboo shoots in 75% alcohol for 5-10min, taking out, and air drying in the shade for about 15-20 min.
Preferably, for large bamboo species, 1 bamboo shoot is placed in each bottle of specimen; placing 2-3 bamboo shoots in each bottle of the medium-sized bamboo seeds; placing 5-8 bamboo shoots in each bottle of the small bamboo seeds; and (3) placing 10-15 bamboo shoots in each bottle of ground cover bamboo seeds.
Preferably, for the bamboo shoots of middle-size, small-size and ground cover bamboo species, because more bamboo shoots need to be placed, a plurality of bamboo shoots need to be bundled to avoid floating in the preservation solution, which not only affects the appearance, but also is easy to damage the bamboo shoot body. The middle-sized bamboo seeds are prepared by winding white cotton thread on the middle lower part of bamboo shoot body for 4-5 circles to bundle 2-3 bamboo shoots together; the small bamboo species and ground cover bamboo species can be bundled by winding 1-2 circles of bamboo shoot under the bamboo shoot body with white gauze strip with width of 0.2-0.3cm, and slightly forcing to prevent the bamboo shoot from separating due to floating.
Preferably, the specific operation of bamboo shoot collection is as follows: digging out healthy and strong bamboo shoots with soil of 10-30cm, complete, nearly equal size and medium size and without plant diseases and insect pests when the bamboo shoots appear in the full growth period of the bamboo seeds soaked in the bamboo shoot specimens;
3-5 bamboo shoots of large bamboo species such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys nigra, and Phyllostachys nigra; 6-8 bamboo shoots of medium-diameter bamboo species such as white bamboo, Phyllostachys Pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, and Phyllostachys pubescens; collecting bamboo shoot 10-15 of small bamboo species such as golden inlaid rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, four-season bamboo, and pickled bamboo; the ground cover bamboo species, such as Indocalamus tessellatus, Phyllostachys nigra, and Cucumis orientalis, can be selected from 20-30 bamboo shoots.
When the bamboo shoots are dug, the surface soil is shoveled off, the bamboo shoots or bamboo shoot parts are dug, and then the bamboo shoots and the bamboo shoots are shoveled and cut off at the screw position by a hoe or a special bamboo shoot picking tool, so that the bamboo shoots and the bamboo shoots are separated, the sheath sheaths, the sheath leaves, the bamboo shoot stumps and the like are not damaged, and the bamboo shoots are kept intact. The large bamboo shoots are not easy to dig to the screw when digging, and the bamboo shoots can be cut off at the side of the bamboo shoot body to take out the bamboo shoots.
Preferably, the specific operations of bamboo shoot body finishing are as follows: washing the fetched bamboo shoots with tap water, brushing off fine soil attached to the bamboo shoots with a soft brush while washing, carefully trimming overlong roots of the bamboo shoot bases, connected bamboo rhizomes, damaged sheath sheaths and the like with a pruning scissors or a scalpel, then rinsing with distilled water for 3-4 times, placing on absorbent paper, and airing in a shade for about 10-15min at room temperature.
Preferably, the sealed concrete operation of specimen bottle is, the sample is put into specimen bottle and is stood for 24-48h, wait that the bamboo shoot body is stable, and after the not damaged, evenly scribble a little vaseline at specimen bottle upper end ground mouth department, cover and then clockwise, anticlockwise respectively rotate 2-3 weeks, make the vaseline coating of bottleneck department even, then reuse molten paraffin evenly pour a week along the bottle lid edge for the specimen bottle is airtight.
Preferably, the method also comprises the operation of attaching the sample name label, and the specific steps are that after the sample is prepared, the paper sample name label is attached to the middle upper part (about 11-12cm away from the upper edge) of the sample bottle. The name tag has a size of 12cm × 10cm, and comprises bamboo science name, alias, Latin name, Classification name, person to be collected, appraiser, place to be collected, and time to be collected. The name tag style of the bamboo shoot specimen is shown in figure 4.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the bamboo shoot specimen preservation solution prepared by the method has no turbidity and few precipitates, while the preservation solution prepared by the traditional method has obvious turbidity, more precipitates are precipitated and accumulated, and the weight is increased along with the prolonging of the preservation time.
2) The bamboo shoot specimen prepared by the method has good integrity of bamboo shoot body, good fidelity effect and no distortion phenomenon, while bamboo shoot sheaths stored by the traditional method are gradually decolorized, the color of the sheath sheaths gradually becomes white, and different bamboo species tend to be consistent and seriously distorted.
3) The bamboo shoot specimen prepared by the method cannot float upwards, the bamboo shoot bodies stored by the traditional method often float above the storage liquid, particularly the bamboo shoots of middle and small diameter bamboo species and ground cover bamboo species, the floating rate of the bamboo shoot bodies reaches more than 70%, so that the bamboo shoot sheaths are pressed by the specimen bottle caps to deform, and the display effect and the reality degree are influenced.
4) The bamboo shoot specimen prepared by the method has the advantages that the bamboo shoot body is not rotten, the variation of the sheath compactness and the bamboo shoot hardness is not obvious, and the weight loss rate is less than 3%. In the traditional method, the compactness of the bamboo shoot sheath and the hardness of the bamboo shoot are obviously reduced, for example, the weight loss rate of the moso bamboo shoot specimen due to decay reaches 10.8 percent within 2 years.
5) The specimen of bamboo shoots prepared by the method is expected to be preserved for more than 10 years, while the preservation period of the traditional method is only 5-6 years, even shorter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of a bamboo primary color soaked specimen and a specimen prepared by using a traditional soaking solution of 5% formalin and 10% alcohol;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of a white bamboo cane specimen soaked in 5% formalin + 10% alcohol as a conventional soaking solution;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of a Indocalamus tessellatus primary color soaked specimen and a specimen prepared by using a traditional soaking solution of 5% formalin and 10% alcohol;
FIG. 4 is a specimen label format;
fig. 5 is a drawing device diagram.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a primary color soaked sample of moso bamboo shoots, which comprises the following steps:
1. collection of Moso bamboo shoots
4, 8 days in 2018, when the moso bamboo shoots are in the full-fleshed period, selecting 3 moso bamboo shoots which are 10-15cm earthy, medium-sized, robust and free of diseases and insect pests from the high-yield forest of the moso bamboo shoots, excavating bamboo shoot taking holes with the diameter of about 30cm around the bamboo shoot bodies by using a hoe, cutting off the stems and the penis at the position which is about 10cm away from the bamboo shoot bodies until the bamboo shoots are deep, and taking out the bamboo shoots and the connected bamboo shoots. Slightly cleaning larger mud blocks on the bamboo shoot body by using a small hoe, filling the bamboo shoot body into a plastic sample bag, sealing the plastic sample bag, and marking.
2. Bamboo shoot body finishing of moso bamboo
Washing 3 taken-back moso bamboo shoots with tap water, removing fine soil adhered to the surfaces of the bamboo shoots with a brush while washing, cutting bamboo shoots at the positions of screws with pruning scissors, trimming damaged sheaths, cutting overlong stumps, rinsing with distilled water for 3 times, and airing at a cool place for about 15min at room temperature.
3. Surface disinfection of moso bamboo shoot
Putting 3 prepared moso bamboo shoots in a white tray, uniformly spraying 75% alcohol on the bamboo shoots by using a spray can, turning over the bamboo shoots while spraying until all the bamboo shoots are wetted by the 75% alcohol and a little alcohol drops, standing, and airing at room temperature for about 20 min.
4. Fixing the primary color of moso bamboo shoot
Taking 3 plastic boxes with the length, width and height of 50cm multiplied by 30cm multiplied by 20cm, respectively adding 3L of bamboo shoot primary color fixing liquid, putting 1 sterilized bamboo shoot in the center of the plastic boxes, then slowly adding the fixing liquid until the liquid level is about 1cm lower than the bamboo shoot body, and standing for 30h until the color of the bamboo shoot is stable. The bamboo shoot primary color fixing solution II and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps: dissolving 150g of magnesium chloride in 300ml of distilled water, weighing 25g of boric acid to dissolve in 200ml of distilled water, combining the two solutions, transferring the combined solution into a 1000ml volumetric flask, adding 10ml of formalin and 25ml of glacial acetic acid, and finally fixing the volume to 1000ml by using distilled water.
5. Bamboo shoot body exhaust of moso bamboo
Taking out 3 moso bamboo shoots fixed in primary color, standing for 5min, after no fixative is dropped, puncturing 3 small holes from bottom to top with steel wires of diameter 2.6mm and length 48cm at the bottom of the moso bamboo shoot body, wherein the small holes are arranged in a triangular manner at intervals of 2.5-2.8cm, and keeping the tops of the steel wires pointing to the tips of the bamboo shoots during puncturing so as not to break the appearance of the bamboo shoot body and influence the attractiveness of the specimen.
6. Soaking moso bamboo shoot specimen
Adding 3L (about one fifth of the total volume) of specimen preservation solution into a glass specimen bottle, vertically putting 1 moso bamboo shoot plant with intact shape and stable color after exhausting into the specimen bottle, adding the preservation solution into the specimen bottle until the ground mouth at the upper end of the specimen bottle reaches 3cm after the moso bamboo shoot stops shaking, and covering with a bottle cap. The used sample bottle is a ground colorless transparent glass sample bottle with the diameter of 18.8cm and the height of 50.3 cm. The preservation solution and the preparation method thereof are as follows: 1000ml of distilled water, 50ml of glacial acetic acid and 20ml of formalin are uniformly mixed, and then 50.5g of white granulated sugar is added and uniformly mixed.
7. Specimen bottle seal
After the prepared moso bamboo shoot specimen is kept stand for 48 hours, the stability of the moso bamboo shoot body is observed, and the appearance is complete and has no damage. Opening the bottle cap, uniformly coating a little vaseline on the ground opening at the upper end, covering the bottle cap, then rotating clockwise and anticlockwise for 3 circles respectively to uniformly coat the vaseline at the bottle opening, and then uniformly pouring molten paraffin for a circle along the edge of the bottle cap to seal the specimen bottle. Before the specimen bottle is sealed, if the bamboo shoot sheaths are damaged or fall off, the bamboo shoot sheaths need to be taken out and replaced, and then the specimen bottle is sealed.
8. Labelling
After the specimen is prepared, a paper specimen name label is attached to the middle upper part (about 11-12cm away from the upper edge) of the specimen bottle. The name tag has a size of 12cm × 10cm, and comprises bamboo science name, alias, Latin name, Classification name, person to be collected, appraiser, place to be collected, and time to be collected.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a primary-color soaked specimen of a bamboo shoot of a white-fed chicken, which comprises the following steps:
1. collection of white bamboo shoots
And 4, 20 days in 2018, wherein the white-fed bamboos grow in the full-growth period, 6 white-fed bamboos which grow 15-20cm in soil, have medium size, are strong and have no diseases or insect pests are selected from the high-yield forest of the white-fed bamboos, the peripheral surface soil is removed by a bamboo shoot shovel, bamboo shoots are dug until the bamboo shoots are reached, the bamboo shoots are cut off at the screw position, the bamboo shoots are separated, the bamboo shoots are not damaged, and the complete appearance of the bamboo shoots is protected. Slightly cleaning larger mud blocks on the bamboo shoot body by using a small hoe, filling the bamboo shoot body into a plastic sample bag, sealing the plastic sample bag, and marking.
2. White bamboo shoot finishing
Washing 6 white bamboo shoots with tap water, removing fine soil adhered to the bamboo shoot surface with a soft brush while washing, pruning to remove overlong stumps and damaged sheaths, rinsing with distilled water for 3 times, air drying in shade, and standing at room temperature for about 12 min.
3. Surface disinfection of bamboo shoots of white-fed chicken
Taking 2 white plastic trays (length multiplied by width multiplied by height is 50cm multiplied by 30cm multiplied by 10cm), respectively adding about 75% of alcohol with the depth of about 3cm, placing 3 trimmed white-fed bamboo shoots in the trays, then slowly adding about 1cm of the 75% alcohol until the bamboo shoots are slightly soaked, standing for 10min, taking out, standing in the shade, airing, and about 18min at room temperature.
4. Air exhaust of bamboo shoots of white-fed chicken
The method comprises puncturing 2 air vents upwards from the bottom of the body of a bamboo shoot of a white-fed chicken bamboo by using a steel wire with the diameter of 2.2mm and the length of 36cm, puncturing 2 air vents by each bamboo shoot in a linear arrangement at a distance of 2.2-2.4cm, and keeping the top of the steel wire pointing to the shoot tip during puncturing so as not to leak through.
5. Bamboo shoot color fixation
Taking 6 plastic boxes with covers with length, width and height of 50cm × 20cm × 10cm, respectively, adding bamboo shoot primary color fixative III 2L, adding 1 strain of white-fed baby chick, slowly adding fixative until the body of the baby chick is about 0.5cm, covering, and standing for 20 h. The bamboo shoot primary color fixing solution III and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps: dissolving 25g of zinc chloride and 2.5g of copper sulfate with distilled water respectively, transferring into a 1000ml volumetric flask, slowly adding 300ml of distilled water, then sequentially adding 50ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, 10ml of formalin solution and 25ml of glacial acetic acid, and finally fixing the volume to 1000ml with distilled water.
6. Binding white bamboo shoots
The 6 white-fed bamboo shoots with fixed primary colors are taken out, slightly kept stand and dried, the room temperature is about 15min, 3 white-fed bamboo shoots with intact shapes and bright colors are selected, fine white cotton threads are wound on the middle lower part of the bamboo shoot body for 4-5 circles to bundle the 3 white-fed bamboo shoots together, the bundle is slightly tight, and the bamboo shoots are prevented from being separated.
7. Soaking white bamboo shoot
Adding 5L (about one third of the total volume) of bamboo shoot specimen preservation solution into a glass specimen bottle, vertically putting 3 bundled white-fed bamboo shoots into the glass specimen bottle, slowly adding the specimen preservation solution to a ground 3cm position at the upper end of the specimen bottle after the 3 bundled white-fed bamboo shoots stop shaking, and covering the bottle with a bottle cover. The used sample bottle is a ground colorless transparent glass sample bottle with the diameter of 18.8cm and the height of 50.3 cm. The bamboo shoot preservation solution and the preparation method thereof are as follows: 1000ml of distilled water, 50ml of glacial acetic acid and 20ml of formalin are uniformly mixed, and then 50.5g of white granulated sugar is added and uniformly mixed.
8. Specimen bottle seal
After the prepared white bamboo shoot specimen for the baby chicken fed with the chickens is kept stand for 48 hours, the bamboo shoot body is observed to be stable and not damaged, the bottle cap is opened, a small amount of vaseline is uniformly coated on the ground opening at the upper end, the bottle cap is covered, then the bottle cap is rotated clockwise and anticlockwise for 3 weeks respectively to enable the vaseline at the bottle opening to be uniformly coated, then molten paraffin is used for uniformly pouring for a circle along the edge of the bottle cap, and the specimen bottle is closed. If the phenomena of bamboo shoot sheath breakage or bamboo shoot sheath shedding and the like occur before the specimen bottle is sealed, the specimen bottle is sealed after being taken out and replaced.
9. Name label for sticking specimen
After the specimen is prepared, a paper specimen name label is attached to the middle upper part (about 11-12cm away from the upper edge) of the specimen bottle. The name tag has a size of 12cm × 10cm, and comprises bamboo science name, alias, Latin name, Classification name, person to be collected, appraiser, place to be collected, and time to be collected.
Example 3
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a primary-color soaked specimen of Indocalamus calabash, which comprises the following steps:
1. collection of bamboo shoots of Indocalamus Mill
In the 4-15 th month in 2018, in the vigorous bamboo shoot growing period, 24 bamboo shoots of indocalamus calamus which are 20-30cm in soil, medium in size, strong and free of plant diseases and insect pests are selected from the indocalamus calamus latiflorus forest, a hoe is used for deeply digging around the bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoots are cut at the positions of bamboo rhizome or bamboo shoot, scissors are used for cutting off the bamboo shoots at the screw positions, the bamboo shoots are taken out, the bamboo shoots are not damaged when being taken, and the complete appearance of the bamboo shoots is protected. And (4) lightly shaking off larger mud blocks on the bamboo shoot bodies, then filling the bamboo shoot bodies into a plastic sample bag, sealing the plastic sample bag, and marking.
2. Finishing of Indocalamus leaf bamboo shoot
Washing 24 taken-back indocalamus calami bamboo shoots with tap water, removing fine soil adhered to the surfaces of the bamboo shoots with a soft brush while washing, pruning and pruning long stumps, damaged sheath sheaths and the like, then rinsing with distilled water for 3 times, airing in a cool place, and keeping the temperature at about 10 min.
3. Disinfection of bamboo shoot surface
Taking 2 white trays (length multiplied by width multiplied by height is 30cm multiplied by 20cm multiplied by 5cm), adding 75% alcohol to the trays to reach about 0.5cm, then putting 12 cleaned Sasa veitchii bamboo shoots into each tray, slowly adding 75% alcohol until the bamboo shoots are about 0.5cm, standing for 6min, taking out, airing in a shade, and keeping the temperature at about 15 min.
4. Indocalamus calabash bamboo shoot body air exhaust
Adding 10L of gas-pumped liquid into a liquid storage tank of the gas-pumping device, wherein the distance from the upper edge of the device is about 4.2 cm; placing 12 sterilized indocalamus calamus bamboo shoots in a liquid storage tank of air extraction equipment, covering a cover, stopping for 5min, opening valves I and II of an air extraction device after the bamboo shoots are static, closing a valve III to enable an air path to be smooth, opening an air extraction switch of a vacuum pump, extracting air for 10min to enable internal negative pressure to reach about 86kPa, enabling a large number of bubbles to emerge from air extraction liquid, sequentially closing the valves I and II, opening the valve III, repeating the operation for 3 times, closing the air extraction switch, standing for 30min, sequentially opening the valves II and I to enable the internal and external air pressures of the device to be balanced, and enabling the indocalamus calamus bamboo shoots to naturally sink. After the air extraction is finished, taking out the bamboo shoots in the indocalamus calamus, placing the bamboo shoots in a shade place for airing, and carrying out bamboo shoot primary color fixation at room temperature for about 20 min.
The air extractor consists of three parts, namely a glass liquid storage tank, a control valve and an air extracting pump (figure 5). The inner diameter of the liquid storage tank is 40cm, the total height is 47.8cm, the height of the liquid storage part is 22.8cm, the top is provided with an air extraction control valve I, the valve is connected with a hose with the length of 40cm and the diameter of 12.7mm, then is connected with a three-way control valve (control valves II and III), and then is connected with a hose with the diameter of 12.7mm by 20cm, and then is connected with a vacuum air pump. The gas-extracting liquid is prepared by adding 10ml formalin solution into 600ml distilled water, adding 25ml glacial acetic acid, and diluting to 1000ml with distilled water.
5. Fixing bamboo shoots in original color
Taking 2 plastic boxes with covers, wherein the length, width and depth of each plastic box are respectively 30cm multiplied by 20cm multiplied by 10cm, adding 1L of bamboo shoot primary color fixing liquid, then placing the bamboo shoots subjected to air exhaust treatment in the plastic boxes, placing 12 plants in each box, then continuously adding the bamboo shoot primary color fixing liquid I until the bamboo shoots submerge about 0.5cm, covering the box with a cover, and standing for 18 hours until the color of the bamboo shoots is stable. The needed bamboo shoot primary color fixing solution I and the preparation method thereof are as follows: weighing 50g of copper sulfate, dissolving in 400ml of distilled water, adding 10ml of formalin solution and 25ml of glacial acetic acid, and finally fixing the volume to 1000ml by using distilled water.
6. Bundling of bamboo shoots in indocalamus marmoreus
Taking out 24 Indocalamus tessellatus shoots with fixed primary colors, standing slightly, airing, selecting 16 Indocalamus tessellatus shoots with intact shapes and bright colors, bundling the 16 Indocalamus tessellatus shoots at one third of the lower parts of the bamboo shoots by using white gauze strips with the width of 0.26cm for 2-3 circles, and firmly bundling the 16 Indocalamus tessellatus shoots into bundles.
7. Soaking bamboo shoot specimen in Indocalamus Mill
Adding 7.5L (about one half of the total volume) of bamboo shoot specimen preservation solution into a glass specimen bottle, vertically putting 16 bundled indocalamus tessellatus bamboo shoots into the glass specimen bottle, slowly adding the specimen preservation solution after the indocalamus tessellatus bamboo shoots stop shaking until the upper end of the specimen bottle is ground to 3cm, and covering the bottle cover. The used sample bottle is a ground glass sample bottle with the diameter of 18.8cm and the height of 50.3 cm. The bamboo shoot preservation solution and the preparation method thereof are as follows: 1000ml of distilled water, 50ml of glacial acetic acid and 20ml of formalin are uniformly mixed, and then 50.5g of white granulated sugar is added and uniformly mixed.
8. Seal of specimen bottle of bamboo shoot in indocalamus meili
After the prepared indocalamus meicosus bamboo shoot soaked specimen is kept stand for 24 hours, the bamboo shoot body is observed to be stable and not damaged, a small amount of vaseline is uniformly smeared at the ground opening at the upper end of the specimen bottle cap after the specimen bottle cap is opened, the specimen bottle cap is covered and is rotated clockwise and anticlockwise for 3 weeks respectively to ensure that the vaseline at the bottle opening is uniformly coated, and then molten paraffin is used for uniformly pouring for one circle along the edge of the specimen bottle cap to ensure that the specimen bottle is sealed. If the phenomena of bamboo shoot sheath breakage or bamboo shoot sheath shedding and the like occur before the specimen bottle is sealed, the specimen bottle is sealed after being taken out and replaced.
9. Name label for sticking specimen
After the specimen is prepared, a paper specimen name label is attached to the middle upper part (about 11-12cm away from the upper edge) of the specimen bottle. The name tag has a size of 12cm × 10cm, and comprises bamboo science name, alias, Latin name, Classification name, person to be collected, appraiser, place to be collected, and time to be collected.
Comparative example 1
The bamboo shoots described in examples 1 to 3 were each soaked with 5% formalin, and air extraction/air discharge treatment was not performed on the bamboo shoots.
Comparative example 2
The bamboo shoots described in examples 1 to 3 were each soaked with 10% alcohol without air extraction/exhaust treatment of the bamboo shoot bodies.
Comparative example 3
The bamboo shoots described in examples 1 to 3 were each soaked with 5% formalin and 10% alcohol, and air extraction/exhaust treatment was not performed on the bamboo shoots.
Examples of the experiments
The specimens in the examples and the comparative examples were prepared in 2018, 4 months, and the relevant indexes were measured in 2020, 7 months, with the results shown in tables 1 to 3.
Wherein, the turbidity, the chromaticity, the suspended matters and the weight loss rate are all detected by adopting a general method in the field.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effect of the bamboo shoot soaking specimen method
From the data, it can be known that bamboo shoot sheaths prepared by 5% formalin, 10% alcohol and the traditional method of 5% formalin + 10% alcohol are floated up and suspended in the preservation solution, the top bamboo shoot sheaths are exposed out of the preservation solution, due to the larger buoyancy, the bamboo shoot sheaths continuously touch the bottle cap of the sample, so that the bamboo shoot sheaths are broken or fall off, and part of nearby biological structures, such as the sheath ears, the bamboo shoot sheaths and the bamboo shoot sheaths are separated from the biological structures,
The bamboo shoot body of the moso bamboo shoot sample in the example 1 sinks to be positioned at the bottom of the sample bottle, so that the bamboo shoot body is complete and in a good state. The moso bamboo shoot specimen prepared in example 1 had a lower turbidity and a lower colorimetric value than those of the moso bamboo shoot specimens prepared by other methods, and the infusion was clear and transparent, and had an excellent sensory effect. The content of suspended substances in the preservation solution and the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots are less than 3 percent, the weight loss rate is reduced by more than 61 percent compared with the traditional method, and the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots after 2 years of preservation is not more than 3 percent and is far lower than 10.80 percent of the weight loss rate of the traditional method.
TABLE 2 comparison of the effect of the method for soaking bamboo shoots of white-fed chicken bamboo
From the above data, 5% formalin, 10% alcohol and conventional methods were usedA white-fed chicken bamboo shoot specimen prepared by a method of 5% formalin and 10% alcohol is characterized in that bamboo shoot bodies float upwards and are suspended in a preservation solution, the top bamboo shoot sheaths are exposed out of the preservation solution and are reversely folded, the specimen bottle caps are continuously touched due to large buoyancy, the bamboo shoot sheaths are broken, twisted and shed, and part of nearby biological structures such as shoot sheaths, ears, leaves, stems, leaves, and the like,
The hairs and the like fall off, the top sheath leaves are seriously damaged, while the bamboo shoot body of the white-fed bamboo shoot specimen prepared in the example 2 sinks and is positioned at the bottom of the specimen bottle
The bamboo shoot shells are complete, the bamboo shoot shells are intact, and the state is good. The turbidity and the chromatic value of the preservation solution of the white bamboo shoot specimen of the bamboos in the embodiment 2 are lower than those of the preservation solution prepared by other methods, and the soaking solution is clear and transparent and has excellent appearance effect. The content of suspended matters in the preservation solution is lower than 2%, the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots is less than 2.5%, the weight loss rate is respectively reduced by 50.54% and 77.93% compared with the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots in the traditional method, and the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots after 2 years of preservation is only 2.12%, which is far lower than 9.61% of the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots in the traditional method.
TABLE 3 comparison of the effect of the method for soaking specimen in bamboo shoot of Indocalamus Mill
From the data, it can be known that, in the bamboo shoot specimen in indocalamus calamus prepared by 5% formalin, 70% alcohol and the traditional method of 5% formalin + 10% alcohol, the bamboo shoot body floats upwards obviously and is suspended in the preservation solution, the bamboo shoot sheaths at the top are exposed out of the preservation solution, and due to the large buoyancy, the tips of the bamboo shoot sheaths touch the bottle cap of the specimen continuously, so that the tips of the bamboo shoot sheaths are broken, bent, deformed or shed, and part of attached structures, particularly the attached structures
The bamboo shoot body of the moso bamboo shoot sample prepared in example 3 sinks to be located at the bottom of the sample bottle, and the bamboo shoot ears are covered with the bamboo shoot shell
The bamboo shoot shells are complete, the bamboo shoot shells are intact, and the state is good. The specimen of the indocalamus marmoreus of example 3 has low turbidity and chroma value which are less than 20% of those of other methods, and the soaking liquid is clear and transparent and has good appearance effect. The content of suspended matters in the preservation solution is lower than 1 percent, the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots is less than 4 percent, the weight loss rate is respectively reduced by 63.05 percent and 70.28 percent compared with the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots in the traditional method, and the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots after 2 years of preservation is only 3.92 percent and is far lower than 13.19 percent of the weight loss rate of the bamboo shoots in the traditional method.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a bamboo shoot soaked specimen is characterized in that a soaking liquid used in the specimen soaking process is a mixed solution of glacial acetic acid, formalin and white granulated sugar, and 45-55 ml of glacial acetic acid, 15-25 ml of formalin and 48-52 g of white granulated sugar are added into every 1000ml of distilled water.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, comprising the operations of bamboo shoot collection, bamboo shoot finishing, bamboo shoot surface sterilization, bamboo shoot air exhaust, bamboo shoot body color fixation, specimen infusion and specimen bottle sealing.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the bamboo shoot is specifically evacuated in an evacuation liquid in order to settle at the bottom of the evacuation liquid.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the gas-extracting liquid is a mixture of formalin and glacial acetic acid, and each 1000ml of the gas-extracting liquid comprises 8-12 ml of formalin and 22-28 ml of glacial acetic acid.
5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the specific operation of the bamboo shoot air exhaust is to form small holes with a diameter of 2-3 mm in the bottom of the bamboo shoot for large bamboo species.
6. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the bamboo shoots are green, the fixing solution used in the process of fixing the primary colors of the bamboo shoots is a mixed solution of copper sulfate, formalin and glacial acetic acid, each 1000ml of the mixed solution comprises 40-60 g of copper sulfate, 8-12 ml of formalin, 22-28 ml of glacial acetic acid and water for making up the balance; preferably, the bamboo shoot is a green bamboo, a four-season bamboo, a moustache or a indocalamus calamus.
7. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein if the bamboo shoot is brown or red, the fixing solution used in the process of fixing the primary color of the bamboo shoot body is a mixed solution of magnesium chloride, boric acid, formalin and glacial acetic acid, wherein each 1000ml of the mixed solution comprises 140-160 g of magnesium chloride, 22-28 g of boric acid, 22-28 ml of formalin and 22-28 ml of glacial acetic acid, and water is used to make up the balance; preferably, the bamboo shoot is moso bamboo, thoroughfare county red-shell bamboo, high-knot bamboo or red-fed dendrocalamus latiflorus.
8. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the bamboo shoots are light in color, the fixing solution for fixing the primary color of the bamboo shoots is a mixed solution of zinc chloride, copper sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol, formalin solution and glacial acetic acid, each 1000ml of the mixed solution comprises 22-28 g of zinc chloride, 2-3 g of copper sulfate, 40-60 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, 8-12 ml of formalin and 22-28 ml of glacial acetic acid, and the balance is water; preferably, the bamboo shoot is selected from the group consisting of a white bamboo, a white bamboo shell and a bamboo.
9. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the specific operation of bamboo shoot surface sterilization is as follows:
for large bamboo seeds, spraying 75% alcohol for sterilization, spraying alcohol on the surface of bamboo shoots until the bamboo shoots are wetted by the alcohol and the alcohol drops, standing in the shade and airing;
or, for small and medium sized bamboo and ground cover bamboo shoots, completely placing the bamboo shoots in 75% alcohol for 5-10min, taking out, and air drying in the shade for about 15-20min at room temperature.
10. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the operation of sealing the specimen bottle further comprises an operation of labeling the surface of the specimen bottle.
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