CN113530553A - Three-step construction process based on tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley - Google Patents
Three-step construction process based on tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley Download PDFInfo
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- CN113530553A CN113530553A CN202110714069.0A CN202110714069A CN113530553A CN 113530553 A CN113530553 A CN 113530553A CN 202110714069 A CN202110714069 A CN 202110714069A CN 113530553 A CN113530553 A CN 113530553A
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- arch
- working
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- working arm
- construction
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/40—Devices or apparatus specially adapted for handling or placing units of linings or supporting units for tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
Abstract
The invention relates to a construction process of a three-step method based on a tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley, and provides a construction process of reserved core soil of three steps of a tunnel, which comprises a trolley station, wherein an upper trolley is longitudinally moved forwards to perform advance support and advance support, after drilling operation and drilling on the face of an upper step are finished, the working attachment of the working arm on the upper rack is replaced by the planing and milling machine assembly to carry out milling and digging on the upper step, the slag soil is cleaned after milling and digging, the working attachment of the working arm on the upper rack is replaced by the wet spraying machine assembly while cleaning the slag soil, and the wet spraying material supply system is connected to carry out primary spraying operation on the upper step, the construction process integrates excavation, arch center installation, anchor rods and wet-spraying support, does not need multiple devices to work alternately, meanwhile, an operation mode of milling and spraying is adopted, surrounding rock disturbance is reduced, fast excavation, fast support and parallel operation are realized, and construction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a three-step construction process based on a tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley.
Background
At present, tunnel excavation construction mainly has two modes: one is to use the artificial portal as the operation platform, use the hand-held or hydrodrill as the operation mode of the tool; the other is a mechanized construction mode taking the drill jumbo as main construction equipment; the first mode is flexible, strong in adaptability, particularly suitable for various and complex working conditions of surrounding rocks, high in efficiency, high in human working strength and high in risk, and meanwhile, along with rapid increase of labor cost, the construction equipment manufacturing technology is continuously developed and renovated, and the advantages of manual excavation relative to construction of a rock drilling trolley are not existed. The drilling operation of tunnel excavation by using the drill jumbo becomes a common method in the drilling and blasting tunnel construction abroad, the hydraulic drill jumbo has high degree of mechanization, advanced technology, safety and reliability, and has more than forty years of development history abroad. At present, single-arm, double-arm, three-arm and four-arm hydraulic drill jumbo are used for different tunnel construction occasions abroad, and the problem of tunnel drilling by a drilling and blasting method under the concept of balanced construction speed is basically solved. The drill jumbo can be well adapted to tunnels with good geological conditions such as full sections and the like, certain requirements are provided for field operation and maintenance personnel, and the drill jumbo still has incomparable advantages of manual excavation in large and long tunnels.
However, the mechanized construction mode using the drill jumbo as the main construction equipment can realize rapid construction only under the condition of good stability of hard rock or surrounding rock, and has the disadvantages of high equipment cost, single function, high use and maintenance cost and difficulty in forming advanced mechanized operation lines on most projects. In order to solve the defects, the intelligent, information and mechanical development of tunnel construction is inevitable through the analysis and research of the conventional construction method and construction equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a construction process for solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The construction process of the three-step method based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley integrates excavation, installation of the arch frame, the anchor rod and wet spraying support, multiple devices do not need to work alternately, and meanwhile, the operation mode of milling and spraying is adopted, so that the disturbance of surrounding rocks is reduced, the fast excavation and fast support and parallel operation are realized, and the construction efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the above purpose of the invention is as follows:
a three-step construction process based on a tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley comprises the following steps:
(1) after the tunnel forms three steps according to the conventional process, the trolley moves to the front of the three steps to stand, the upper rack corresponds to the middle step, the lower rack corresponds to the lower step, the reserved core soil is inserted into the middle gap of the trolley, and the upper rack longitudinally moves forwards to the upper part of the lower step and supports the tunnel face in advance;
(2) after the advance support is completed, the working arm is provided with a rock drill assembly and extends out through the first longitudinal moving mechanism to start the face drilling operation of the upper step;
(3) after drilling is finished, the working attachment of the working arm is replaced by a planing and milling machine assembly to carry out milling and digging on the upper step, the slag soil is cleaned after milling and digging, the working attachment of the working arm is replaced by a wet spraying machine assembly while cleaning the slag soil, and the wet spraying material supply system is connected to carry out primary spraying operation on the upper step;
(4) the trolley performs pre-assembly operation of the arch frames while performing slag tapping and primary spraying operation, a cantilever crane lifts one top arch frame and places the top arch frame on the arch frame transport vehicle, the arch frame transport vehicle carries the top arch frame and moves to the upper side of the arch frame installation vehicle through a third longitudinal movement mechanism, the arch frame transport vehicle contracts downwards to place the top arch frame on the arch frame installation vehicle, the arch frame transport vehicle moves backwards, and the operation is circulated until the pre-assembly operation of the top arch frame is completed;
(5) after the primary spraying operation and the pre-assembling operation are finished, the upper rack moves forwards again, the front section of the second longitudinal moving mechanism extends forwards and supports the arch mounting vehicle to the arch mounting position on the upper step, and the working accessory of the working arm is replaced by the rock drill assembly and extends out to finish the reinforcing mesh mounting operation of the top arch;
(6) after the top arch frame is installed, the second longitudinal moving mechanism is retracted, the upper rack is moved backwards to the anchor rod construction position, the working arm drills an anchor rod hole, and the foot locking anchor rod and radial anchor rod construction is completed;
(7) after the construction of the locking anchor rod and the radial anchor rod is finished, the working accessory of the working arm is replaced by a wet spraying machine assembly and is connected with a wet spraying material supply mechanism to carry out wet spraying operation;
(8) after wet blasting is finished, the working attachment of the working arm is replaced by a planing and milling machine assembly, the middle step, the lower step and the reserved core soil are milled and dug in sequence according to a three-step seven-step excavation method, the working attachment of the working arm is replaced when slag is milled and dug, primary blasting operation of the middle step and the lower step, installation of the side arch and wet blasting operation are carried out, the side arch is hoisted to a side wall through the working arm to be connected with the top arch, installation operation of the reinforcing mesh and construction of a foot locking anchor rod and a radial anchor rod are finished, and single circulation construction is finished after supporting of the middle step and the lower step is finished.
And the upper rack longitudinally moves forwards through a fourth longitudinally moving mechanism.
And (2) adopting an advanced anchor rod method for advance support in the step (1), longitudinally moving the working arm on the first longitudinal moving mechanism, drilling an arc guide pit on the face of the upper step, and longitudinally driving the anchor rod into a rock mass.
And (3) the footage of the drilling operation in the step (2) is an arch center distance.
And (3) the trolley in the step (2) plans the design drawing to carry out drilling operation according to the drilling parameters which are pre-imported into the vehicle-mounted computer.
And (5) the slag discharged in the step (3) and the step (8) enters the excavation surface from the lower part of the lower rack by a slag discharging vehicle to discharge the slag.
And (5) splicing the side arch frame and the top arch frame in the step (8) through bolts.
And (4) replacing the working arm accessory in the installation of the side arch in the step (8) with a lifting hand assembly to hoist the side arch to the side wall so that the side arch is connected with the top arch, and completing the installation operation of the steel bar net and the construction of the foot locking anchor rod and the radial anchor rod for the rock drill assembly after the connection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the construction process provided by the invention integrates excavation, installation of the arch frame, the anchor rod and wet-spraying support, does not need multiple devices to work alternately, is simple to operate, high in automation degree, high in accuracy and small in error, saves cost, improves construction quality and construction efficiency, reduces water consumption during excavation, causes low pollution to the environment of a construction site, reduces cleaning workload and reduces potential safety hazards; 2. the construction process provided by the invention adopts an operation mode of milling while spraying, reduces disturbance to surrounding rocks, realizes quick excavation and quick support, inhibits deformation, ensures safety, realizes quick sealing, shortens the exposure time of the surrounding rocks, reduces construction interference, creates convenient conditions for subsequent construction, ensures safety and realizes parallel operation; 3. the construction process provided by the invention is convenient for flexibly and timely converting construction procedures and adjusting the construction method when geological conditions change, and meanwhile, when the surrounding rock is deformed greatly or suddenly changed, the closing time can be adjusted as soon as possible on the premise of ensuring safety and meeting clearance requirements, and the safety coefficient is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the integrated trolley for tunnel excavation and support provided in this embodiment;
fig. 2 is a partial structure diagram of the integrated trolley for tunnel excavation and supporting provided in this embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a stage in the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a structural view of a fourth longitudinal movement mechanism in the present embodiment;
wherein (a) is a side view of the fourth longitudinal moving mechanism, and (b) (c) and (d) are both cross-sectional views of the fourth longitudinal moving mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of the first longitudinal movement mechanism in the present embodiment;
fig. 6 is a front view of the integrated tunnel excavation supporting trolley provided in this embodiment, in which (b) is a partial enlarged view of a in (a);
FIG. 7 is a structural view of the working arm in the present embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a structural view of the working attachment in the present embodiment;
wherein, (a) the rock drill assembly, (b) is the wet blasting machine assembly, (c) is the planer assembly;
fig. 9 is a structural view of the quick-change coupler according to the embodiment;
wherein (a) is a structure diagram of each part of the quick-change connector, and (b) is a structure diagram of the assembled quick-change connector;
FIG. 10 is a view showing the construction of the work tables on both sides of the upper stage in the present embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a view showing the connection between the work table and the stand according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a view showing the construction of the boom hoist, the robot and the arch support bar in the present embodiment;
wherein (a) is a cantilever crane, (b) is a manipulator, and (c) is an arch support rod;
FIG. 13 is a structural view of the arch transport vehicle and the third longitudinal movement mechanism in this embodiment;
fig. 14 is a structural view of a second longitudinal movement mechanism in the present embodiment;
wherein (a) is a side view of the second longitudinal moving mechanism, and (b) (c) (d) are both cross-sectional views of the second longitudinal moving mechanism;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the second longitudinal moving mechanism of the present embodiment in different directions;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the arch mounting cart of this embodiment in a different orientation;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view showing the construction of a running gear of this embodiment, wherein (a) and (b) are perspective views in different directions;
FIG. 18 is a structural view of a supporting mechanism in the present embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a wet blasting supply system of the present invention used with an integrated trolley;
FIG. 20 is a first schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a second schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a third schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a fourth schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 24 is a fifth construction schematic provided by the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a sixth exemplary illustration of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a rack, 101-an upper rack, 1011-an upper top plate, 1012-an upper support, 1013-a side frame, 102-a lower rack, 1021-a lower top plate, 1022-a lower support, 103-a fourth longitudinal movement mechanism, 1031-a rack rail, 1032-a rack support, 1033-a fourth riding wheel, 1034-a fourth riding rail, 1035-a fourth pulley, 1036-a fourth rack, 1037-a fourth hydraulic motor, 1038-a fourth gear and 104-a lifting cylinder A;
20-a working platform, 21-a suspension bracket, 22-a telescopic platform, 23-a transverse moving oil cylinder, 24-a ladder, 200-a fifth longitudinal moving mechanism, 201-a platform track and 202-a suspension disc;
3-a working arm, 301-a frame, 302-a rotary component, 303-an amplitude-changing component, 304-a basic arm support and 305-a telescopic arm support;
4-running gear, 401-steering assembly, 402-suspension assembly, 403-tires, 404-drive motor, 405-axle;
5-a supporting mechanism, 501-a connecting seat, 502-a supporting oil cylinder and 503-a supporting seat;
61-arch mounting vehicle, 611-vehicle frame, 6111-top frame, 6112-support frame, 6113-longitudinal frame, 612-arch jacking assembly, 6121-jacking oil cylinder, 6122-jacking piece, 613-mounting vehicle longitudinal moving assembly, 6131-longitudinal moving frame, 6132-mounting vehicle traveling wheel, 6133-sixth hydraulic motor, 614-telescopic joint and 615-lifting oil cylinder B;
62-a second longitudinal moving mechanism, 621-a fixed rail, 622-a sliding rail, 623-a second riding wheel, 624-a second riding rail, 625-a second pulley, 626-a second rack, 627-a second hydraulic motor, 628-a second gear and 629-an arch mounting vehicle rail;
63-an arch carrier vehicle, 631-a vertical column, 632-an arch clamping device, 64-a third longitudinal moving mechanism, 641-a carrier vehicle track, 642-a carrier vehicle support, 65-a cantilever crane, 66-a manipulator, 67-an arch support rod and 68-an inclined support rod;
7-a first longitudinal moving mechanism, 701-a working arm track, 702-a working arm support, 703-a first rack, 704-a first hydraulic motor, 705-a first gear;
8-quick-change connector, 801-working arm connector, 8011-hook, 802-working accessory connector, 8021-hanging groove, 803-hydraulic pin shaft, 9-rock drill assembly, 10-wet blasting machine assembly, 11-planing and milling machine assembly and 12-wet blasting material supply system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The integral structure of the tunnel excavation supporting trolley provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises a trolley body, an electric hydraulic system which is positioned on the trolley body and provides operation power for each component on the trolley, a working arm 3 used for tunnel excavation and supporting construction, a walking mechanism 4 and a supporting mechanism 5 which are connected to the bottom of the trolley body, and an arch installing unit, wherein the trolley body comprises a rack 1 and a working platform 20. The integrated trolley can realize the integration of drilling and blasting holes, charging, arch center pre-installation, anchor rod holes, anchor rod installation grouting, arch center net piece installation, milling and digging operation, concrete wet spraying operation and the like, and is suitable for tunnel construction of various construction methods such as a full-section method, a step method, a three-step reserved core soil and the like.
In this embodiment, two vertically arranged gantries 1 are respectively an upper gantry 101 and a lower gantry 102, the upper gantry comprises an upper top plate 1011, an upper bracket 1012 connected and fixed under the upper top plate and a side frame 1013 connected to the bottom of the upper bracket and extending along the inner side of the upper bracket, the lower gantry comprises a lower top plate 1021 and a lower bracket 1022 connected and fixed under the lower top plate, the upper bracket is connected to the lower top plate through a fourth longitudinal movement mechanism 103, so that the upper gantry is connected to the lower gantry and the upper gantry moves longitudinally along the lower gantry; the upper support and the lower support are of telescopic structures and are connected with lifting oil cylinders A104 in a uniformly distributed mode, so that the heights of the upper rack and the lower rack are adjusted along with the lifting oil cylinders. The structure of the rack is shown in fig. 3, and two lifting oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the upper rack and the lower rack. When the integral type platform truck is under construction, go up the rack and can indulge forward through indulging moving the mechanism and move 0 ~ 4m, in addition, every rack height-adjustable 0 ~ 1m, the whole height-adjustable 0 ~ 2m of integral type platform truck, can adapt to the step method construction when satisfying the full section construction. In addition, the height of the lower rack can reach 3.5-4.5 m (including the height of a walking mechanism) through the lifting oil cylinder, after drilling and blasting are completed, the slag discharging vehicle can enter an excavation surface from the lower part of the lower rack and discharge slag, the integrated trolley can not exit the tunnel excavation surface, and the arch frame, the connecting ribs and the reinforcing mesh can be grouped and pre-assembled while discharging slag, so that the construction efficiency is improved.
The fourth longitudinal moving mechanism 103 comprises a rack rail 1031 fixed on the lower top plate, a rack support 1032 fixed on the bottom of the upper support and arranged in the rack rail, a fourth riding wheel 1033, a fourth riding rail 1034, a fourth pulley 1035 arranged on two sides of the rack support and close to the rear end of the trolley, a fourth rack 1036 connected to the bottom of the rack support, and a fourth hydraulic motor 1037 and a fourth gear 1038 connected on the upper support and fixedly connected, wherein the rack rail is a groove structure assembled by two steel rails with cross sections in a shape of [, the fourth gear is meshed with the fourth rack, the rack transmission is driven by the fourth hydraulic motor to enable the rack support and the upper support to integrally move on the rack rail, the structure of the fourth longitudinal moving mechanism is as shown in figure 4, the fourth riding rail is connected to the bottom of the rack support and arranged in parallel with the fourth rack, the fourth riding wheel straddles the fourth riding rail and is connected and fixed on the upper support close to the front end of the trolley, the support of the rack is prevented from being separated from the track of the rack during longitudinal movement; the length of the rack rail is consistent with that of the rack.
The working arm 3 is arranged on the rack and is connected with the rack through a first longitudinal moving mechanism 7, and the working arm is driven by the first longitudinal moving mechanism to move longitudinally along the rack. The first longitudinal moving mechanism comprises an i-shaped working arm track 701, a working arm support 702 straddling on the working arm track, a first rack 703 fixed on the side surface of the working arm track, and a first hydraulic motor 704 and a first gear 705 which are fixedly connected with the working arm support, wherein the first gear is meshed with the first rack, the first hydraulic motor drives the gear rack to drive the gear rack to move the working arm support on the working arm track, and the structure of the first longitudinal moving mechanism is shown in fig. 5. The working arm rails are correspondingly distributed and connected to the upper top plate, the lower top plate and the upper support, the working arm rails on the upper support are fixedly connected to the upper support through the bottom of the upper support along the side frame 1013 extending on the inner side of the upper support, the working arm rails are arranged along the direction of the trolley, the length of the working arm rails is consistent with that of the trolley, and the working arm supports are connected with the working arms so that the working arms can move longitudinally along the trolley. In this embodiment, six working arms are provided, two working arms are respectively provided on the upper surface of the upper top plate and the lower surfaces of the upper support and the lower top plate, wherein the working arms of the upper top plate and the upper support are mounted on the first longitudinal moving mechanism in an upright manner, the working arms of the lower top plate are mounted on the first longitudinal moving mechanism in an inverted and suspended manner, the positions of the working arms are distributed as shown in fig. 6, and the distribution positions of the working arm supports in the drawing are the distribution positions of the working arms. In addition, the number of the working arms can be further increased, and the working arms are specifically adjusted according to actual requirements.
The working arm 3 comprises a frame 301, a rotation component 302, an amplitude variation component 303, a base arm support 304 and a telescopic arm support 305, the structure of the working arm is shown in fig. 7, wherein the frame is connected with a working arm support in the first longitudinal movement mechanism, the base arm support is connected with the frame through the rotation component and moves back and forth along the transverse direction under the drive of the rotation component, the telescopic arm support is connected with the base arm support through the amplitude variation component and moves back and forth along the vertical direction under the drive of the amplitude variation component, and a telescopic oil cylinder is installed in the telescopic arm support and moves back and forth along the longitudinal direction under the drive of the telescopic oil cylinder, so that the working arm works in three freedom directions.
The head of the working arm is connected with different working accessories for drilling, wet blasting, milling and digging and arch erecting processes in tunnel construction through a quick-change connector 8, the working accessories comprise a rock drill assembly 9, a wet blasting machine assembly 10, a planing and milling machine assembly 11 and a crane assembly, the structure of the working accessories is shown in fig. 8, a grabbing hand assembly is used for grabbing side arches to side walls, the grabbing hand assembly and a manipulator in an arch installing unit in the embodiment are both the existing mature technology and are similar in structure, and the details are omitted here. The quick-change connector comprises a working arm connector 801 connected with a working arm and a working accessory connector 802 connected with a working accessory, one end of the working arm connector and one end of the working accessory connector are respectively provided with a hook 8011 and a hanging groove 8021 which are matched, the hook is hung on the hanging groove, the other end of the working arm connector and the other end of the working accessory connector are hinged through a hydraulic pin shaft 803, the structure of the quick-change connector is shown in fig. 9, when the working accessory is replaced, after the hook and the hanging groove are hung, the working arm is lifted, the hinged point on the working accessory connector is automatically centered, and the hydraulic pin shaft finishes bolt action under the action of hydraulic pressure after the centering of a sensor sensing hole position, so that the quick change of the accessory is completed, and the manual quick-change work can be avoided. When the trolley performs concrete wet spraying operation, the working accessory is a wet spraying manipulator assembly, the trolley is provided with a wet spraying material supply system 19, the wet spraying material supply system comprises a pumping device, an accelerator quantitative filling device, a wheel type walking device, an automatic intelligent device and a wireless remote controller, and the structure of the wet spraying material supply system is shown in fig. 19.
The working platform 20 is connected to two sides of the rack in a hanging manner, specifically, a hanging frame 21 is connected to one side of the working platform, and the working platform is connected to the rack through the hanging frame, and the structure of the working platform is as shown in fig. 10 and 11; the suspension bracket is connected to two sides of the rack in a hanging manner through a fifth longitudinal moving mechanism 200 to enable the working platform to move longitudinally along the rack, the fifth longitudinal moving mechanism comprises a platform rail 201 connected to the side face of the rack, fifth racks arranged in the platform rail, suspension discs 202 which are distributed on the suspension bracket and clamped in the platform rail, a fifth hydraulic motor and a fifth gear, the fifth hydraulic motor and the fifth gear are fixedly connected to the suspension bracket, the platform rail is of a groove type structure, the two platform rails are arranged in parallel, the two rows of the suspension discs are distributed in parallel at corresponding positions, the fifth gear is meshed with the fifth rack, and the gear rack is driven by the fifth hydraulic motor to enable the suspension bracket to move on the platform rail, so that the working platform moves along the rack; the working platforms on two sides of the upper rack are respectively provided with two layers, the working platforms on two sides of the lower rack are respectively provided with one layer, the number of the layers of the working platforms is consistent with the number of the working arms, and the working platforms are both positioned below the working arms; the working platform is provided with a telescopic platform through the transverse moving oil cylinder connection, the telescopic platform 22 is driven by the transverse moving oil cylinder 23 to move transversely along one side of the working platform, which is far away from the rack, the telescopic platform is located at the front end of the working platform, the integral longitudinal moving distance of the working platform is 0-4 m in the embodiment, the telescopic platform is provided with 4m, and the transverse moving distance is 0-4 m, so that the powder filling operation of different tunnel construction methods is met. The rear end of the working platform is provided with a frame ladder 24, so that constructors can get on and off the trolley conveniently.
The arch installing unit comprises an arch installing vehicle 61, an arch transport vehicle 63, a cantilever crane 65, a second longitudinal moving mechanism 62, a third longitudinal moving mechanism 64, a mechanical arm 66 and an arch support rod 67 which are used for pre-assembling a plurality of arch tops, wherein the mechanical arm and the arch support rod are both installed and fixed on the telescopic platforms of the working platforms on the two sides of the upper rack and are both positioned at the front ends of the telescopic platforms, the arch support rod is positioned on the upper telescopic platform, and the mechanical arm is positioned on the lower working platform. The manipulator has three degrees of freedom, can realize that the side encircles supplementary installation actions such as snatching, lifting, can replace the manual work to realize the side encircles with the work such as hole aligning, adjustment of top arch, effectively use manpower sparingly, improve work efficiency. The arch support rod is connected with an inclined support rod 68 through a pin shaft, the pin shaft is installed when the arch is installed, the arch support rod is erected, the pin shaft is pulled out after the arch is installed, the arch support rod is laid flat, workers can conveniently pass through and operate, and the arch support rod is used for supporting the top arch when the top arch is connected with the side arch in a hole-to-hole mode. The cantilever crane 65 is arranged at the rear end of the upper rack and is used for hoisting a crown arch, and in the embodiment, the cantilever crane is provided with a 1t electric hoist. The installation position of the arch installation unit on the upper rack and the working platform is shown in figure 1, and the structure of the cantilever crane, the manipulator and the arch support rod is shown in figure 12.
The second longitudinal moving mechanism and the third longitudinal moving mechanism are both arranged on the upper rack and are arranged in parallel with the first longitudinal moving mechanism, the third longitudinal moving mechanism is positioned on the outer side of the upper rack, the second longitudinal moving mechanism is positioned on the inner side of the upper rack, the left end and the right end of the arch truss installation vehicle are both arranged on the second longitudinal moving mechanism and longitudinally move through the second longitudinal moving mechanism, the arch truss transport vehicle is arranged on the third longitudinal moving mechanism and longitudinally moves through the third longitudinal moving mechanism, in the embodiment, the third longitudinal moving mechanism 64 comprises an I-shaped transport vehicle track 641, a transport vehicle support 642 straddling the transport vehicle track, transport vehicle wheels arranged at the bottom of the transport vehicle support, a fixedly connected third traveling motor and a motor output shaft gear which are positioned on the working arm support, and a third gear fixedly connected with the transport vehicle traveling wheels, the transport vehicle support is fixedly connected with the arch truss transport vehicle, the motor output shaft gear is meshed with the third gear, the third hydraulic motor drives the motor output shaft gear and the third gear to transmit and drive the arch frame transport vehicle to integrally and longitudinally move, the transport vehicle track is connected to the upper rack, and the length of the transport vehicle track is consistent with that of the upper rack. The arch transport vehicle 63 comprises a column 631 of a telescopic structure and an arch clamping device 632 connected to the top of the column, wherein the height of the column is adjusted by a lift cylinder. The cantilever crane places the lifted top arch on the arch frame transport vehicle, and after the arch frame transport vehicle longitudinally moves to the corresponding position of the arch frame installation vehicle, the height of the arch frame transport vehicle is adjusted to be low, so that the top arch is placed on the arch frame installation vehicle, and the structures of the arch frame transport vehicle and the third longitudinal movement mechanism are shown in fig. 13.
The second is indulged and is moved mechanism 62 and indulge for dual and move the structure, can realize that slide rail and bow member installation car are whole to move on last rack, can also realize that the bow member installation car moves on the slide rail. The second longitudinal moving mechanism comprises a fixed rail 621 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper rack, a slide rail 622, a second supporting wheel 623, a second supporting rail 624, a second pulley 625 arranged on two sides of the slide rail and close to the rear end of the trolley, a second rack 626 connected to the bottom of the slide rail, and a second hydraulic motor 627 and a second gear 628 fixedly connected to the upper support, wherein the fixed rail is of a groove structure assembled by two steel rails with cross sections in a [ -shape, the second gear is meshed with the second rack, and is driven by the second hydraulic motor to drive the gear rack to move on the fixed rail; an arch installing vehicle rail 629 is arranged at the top of the slide rail, the arch installing vehicle is installed on the arch installing vehicle rail and moves longitudinally along the slide rail, the length of the slide rail and the length of the arch installing vehicle rail are consistent with the length of the upper rack, and the connecting structure of the slide rail and other components in the second longitudinal movement mechanism is shown in fig. 14 and 15.
The arch installing vehicle 61 comprises a vehicle frame 611, an arch jacking assembly 612 and an installing vehicle longitudinal movement assembly 613 which are integrally arched, the vehicle frame comprises a rectangular top frame 6111 positioned at the top, semi-arched supporting frames 6112 connected with four corners of the top frame and longitudinal frames 6113 arranged along the direction of the trolley and connected between two parallel supporting frames, the three supporting frames are connected into an integral structure, the arch jacking assemblies are distributed on the top frame in a matrix mode, the arch jacking assemblies distributed along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the trolley are in a group, the arch jacking assemblies are arranged in more than three groups, telescopic sections 614 in the shape of ']' are connected to two sides of the front end and the rear end of the trolley on the top frame through telescopic cylinders, the telescopic sections are provided with more than one group of arch jacking assemblies, and the distance between the arch jacking assemblies on the telescopic sections and the arch jacking assemblies on the top frame is adjusted through the telescopic cylinders. In the embodiment, three groups of arch jacking assemblies are arranged on the top frame, the distance between each group of arch jacking assemblies is 0.6m, a group of arch jacking assemblies are respectively arranged on the telescopic joints at two sides and used for installing three arches with the arch jacking assembly positioned in the middle on the top frame, the assembly of the top three arches and the integral erection of the arch can be realized, and the distance between each arch can be adjusted to be 0.6-1.2 m, so that the requirements of erection under different working conditions are met. The support frame is of a telescopic structure, and the height of the support frame is adjusted through a lifting oil cylinder B615 connected between the longitudinal frame and the longitudinal moving frame. The arch frame jacking assembly comprises a jacking oil cylinder 6121 and a groove-shaped jacking part 6122 connected to the top of the jacking oil cylinder, the height of the jacking part is adjusted through the jacking oil cylinder, the mounting vehicle longitudinal movement assembly comprises a longitudinal movement frame 6131 connected to the bottoms of the two parallel support frames and arranged along the direction of the trolley, a mounting vehicle travelling wheel 6132 mounted at the bottom of the longitudinal movement frame, a sixth hydraulic motor 6133 and a motor output shaft gear which are fixedly connected to the side face of the longitudinal movement frame, and a sixth gear fixedly connected to the mounting vehicle travelling wheel, the mounting vehicle travelling wheel straddles on the second longitudinal movement mechanism, the motor output shaft gear is meshed with the sixth gear, the sixth hydraulic motor drives the motor output shaft gear and the sixth gear to transmit and drive the integral longitudinal movement of the arch frame mounting vehicle, and the structure of the arch frame mounting vehicle is shown in fig. 16.
The running mechanism 4 is of a tire type or crawler type structure, the running mechanism is of a tire type structure in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 17, the running mechanism comprises a steering assembly 401, a suspension assembly 402, tires 403, a driving motor 404 and an axle 405, the steering assembly can realize functions of longitudinal movement, transverse movement, steering and the like of the whole trolley through a driving motor slewing bearing, and the suspension assembly is automatically adjusted through a suspension oil cylinder, so that the tire stress balance is ensured, and the trolley is suitable for uneven road surfaces. In addition, the crawler-type structure can be selected and matched according to needs, and the crawler-type walking mechanism is stronger in load bearing capacity and climbing capacity. The supporting mechanism 5 comprises a connecting seat 501, a supporting cylinder 502 and a supporting seat 503, the trolley supports the ground and stabilizes the trolley during operation, and the structure of the supporting seat in this embodiment is shown in fig. 18.
The three-step construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) after the tunnel forms three steps according to a conventional process, the trolley moves to the front of the three steps to stand, the upper rack corresponds to the middle step, the lower rack corresponds to the lower step, the reserved core soil is inserted into a gap in the middle of the trolley, the upper rack longitudinally moves forwards to the position above the lower step and performs advanced support on a tunnel face, the advanced support adopts an advanced anchor rod method, a working arm on the upper rack longitudinally moves on a first longitudinally moving mechanism and drills a hole at the top of the tunnel face of the upper step, and then an anchor rod is longitudinally driven into a rock mass as shown in fig. 20;
(2) after advance support is completed, the working arm is provided with a rock drill assembly and extends out through the first longitudinal moving mechanism to start drilling operation on the tunnel face of the upper step, and footage is an arch center interval as shown in fig. 21;
(3) after drilling is finished, the working attachment of the working arm on the upper rack is changed into a milling machine assembly from a rock drill assembly, milling and digging of an upper step are carried out, slag soil is cleaned after milling and digging is finished, a slag discharging vehicle enters an excavation surface from the lower part of the lower rack and discharges slag, the working attachment of the working arm on the upper rack is changed into a wet spraying machine assembly from the milling machine assembly and is connected with a wet spraying material supply system to carry out primary spraying operation of the upper step, and the operation is shown in figure 22;
(4) the method comprises the following steps that when deslagging and primary spraying are carried out, a trolley carries out pre-assembly operation on arch frames, three top arch frame sheets are spliced on the ground in advance through bolts by workers, a cantilever crane lifts one top arch frame and is placed on an arch frame transport vehicle, the arch frame transport vehicle carries the top arch frame to be moved to the upper side of an arch frame installation vehicle through a third longitudinal moving mechanism, a lifting oil cylinder of the arch frame transport vehicle contracts downwards to place the top arch frame on the arch frame installation vehicle, so that the top arch frame is clamped with a jacking piece on an arch frame jacking assembly, stress of the top arch frame is transferred to the jacking piece of the arch frame installation vehicle from the arch frame transport vehicle, after the top arch frame transport vehicle is moved backwards to the cantilever crane after the top arch frame is completely assembled, the next top arch frame is transported in a matched mode with the cantilever crane continuously, and the step is repeated until the three top arch frames are placed on the arch frame installation vehicle, namely the pre-assembly operation of the top arch frames is completed;
(5) after the primary spraying operation and the pre-assembling operation are completed, the upper rack moves forwards through the fourth longitudinal moving mechanism, the front section of the second longitudinal moving mechanism extends forwards to an upper step, the arch center mounting vehicle supports the pre-assembled top arch center to move on the second longitudinal moving mechanism, when the arch center moves to the upper step, the jacking oil cylinder jacks to enable the arch center jacking assembly to be located above the reserved core soil and place the top arch center at the arch center mounting position, and the working accessory of the working arm is changed from the wet spraying machine assembly into the rock drilling machine assembly and extends out to complete the reinforcing mesh mounting operation of the arch center, as shown in fig. 23;
(6) after the top arch is installed, the second longitudinal moving mechanism and the arch installing vehicle move backwards and retract, the upper rack moves backwards, the working arm moves to the anchor rod construction position to drill an anchor rod hole, and the working arm is matched with a worker to complete foot locking anchor rod and radial anchor rod construction, as shown in fig. 24;
(7) after the construction of the foot-locking anchor rod and the radial anchor rod is completed, the rock drill assembly of the working arm on the upper rack is dismounted, the wet spraying machine assembly is mounted, and the rock drill assembly is connected with the wet spraying material supply mechanism to perform wet spraying operation, as shown in fig. 25;
(8) after wet blasting is finished, the working accessory of the working arm is changed into a milling machine assembly, the working accessory of the working arm is changed into the milling machine assembly, the middle step is milled and excavated according to a three-step seven-step excavation method, the working accessory of the working arm on the bench is changed into the wet blasting machine assembly to perform primary blasting operation while slag is milled and excavated, after the primary blasting operation is finished, the working accessory of the working arm is changed into a grabbing and lifting hand assembly to hoist the side arch to the side wall and connect the side arch with the top arch, the working accessory of the working arm is changed into a rock drilling machine assembly to complete the installation operation of a steel mesh of the side arch, the construction of a foot locking anchor rod and a radial anchor rod, finally, the wet blasting machine assembly is changed into the wet blasting operation, the middle step is milled and excavated, the milling and excavation of the lower step are started, the side arch is installed and wet blasting support is performed according to the operation of the middle step while slag is milled and the core soil is reserved after the wet blasting operation of the lower step is finished, the milling, digging and supporting processes are parallel operation, and single-cycle construction is completed after the middle step and the lower step are supported.
Claims (8)
1. A three-step construction process based on a tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after the tunnel forms three steps according to the conventional process, the trolley moves to the front of the three steps to stand, the upper rack corresponds to the middle step, the lower rack corresponds to the lower step, the reserved core soil is inserted into the middle gap of the trolley, and the upper rack longitudinally moves forwards to the upper part of the lower step and supports the tunnel face in advance;
(2) after the advance support is completed, the working arm is provided with a rock drill assembly and extends out through the first longitudinal moving mechanism to start the face drilling operation of the upper step;
(3) after drilling is finished, the working attachment of the working arm is replaced by a planing and milling machine assembly to carry out milling and digging on the upper step, the slag soil is cleaned after milling and digging, the working attachment of the working arm is replaced by a wet spraying machine assembly while cleaning the slag soil, and the wet spraying material supply system is connected to carry out primary spraying operation on the upper step;
(4) the trolley performs pre-assembly operation of the arch frames while performing slag tapping and primary spraying operation, a cantilever crane lifts one top arch frame and places the top arch frame on the arch frame transport vehicle, the arch frame transport vehicle carries the top arch frame and moves to the upper side of the arch frame installation vehicle through a third longitudinal movement mechanism, the arch frame transport vehicle contracts downwards to place the top arch frame on the arch frame installation vehicle, the arch frame transport vehicle moves backwards, and the operation is circulated until the pre-assembly operation of the top arch frame is completed;
(5) after the primary spraying operation and the pre-assembling operation are finished, the upper rack moves forwards again, the front section of the second longitudinal moving mechanism extends forwards and supports the arch mounting vehicle to the arch mounting position on the upper step, and the working accessory of the working arm is replaced by the rock drill assembly and extends out to finish the reinforcing mesh mounting operation of the top arch;
(6) after the top arch frame is installed, the second longitudinal moving mechanism is retracted, the upper rack is moved backwards to the anchor rod construction position, the working arm drills an anchor rod hole, and the foot locking anchor rod and radial anchor rod construction is completed;
(7) after the construction of the locking anchor rod and the radial anchor rod is finished, the working accessory of the working arm is replaced by a wet spraying machine assembly and is connected with a wet spraying material supply mechanism to carry out wet spraying operation;
(8) after wet blasting is finished, the working attachment of the working arm is replaced by a planing and milling machine assembly, the middle step, the lower step and the reserved core soil are milled and dug in sequence according to a three-step seven-step excavation method, the working attachment of the working arm is replaced when slag is milled and dug, primary blasting operation of the middle step and the lower step, installation of the side arch and wet blasting operation are carried out, the side arch is hoisted to a side wall through the working arm to be connected with the top arch, installation operation of the reinforcing mesh and construction of a foot locking anchor rod and a radial anchor rod are finished, and single circulation construction is finished after supporting of the middle step and the lower step is finished.
2. The three-step construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the upper rack longitudinally moves forwards through a fourth longitudinally moving mechanism.
3. The three-step construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) adopting an advanced anchor rod method for advance support in the step (1), longitudinally moving the working arm on the first longitudinal moving mechanism, drilling an arc guide pit on the face of the upper step, and longitudinally driving the anchor rod into a rock mass.
4. The three-step construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) the footage of the drilling operation in the step (2) is an arch center distance.
5. The three-step construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) the trolley in the step (2) plans the design drawing to carry out drilling operation according to the drilling parameters which are pre-imported into the vehicle-mounted computer.
6. The three-step construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (5) the slag discharged in the step (3) and the step (8) enters the excavation surface from the lower part of the lower rack by a slag discharging vehicle to discharge the slag.
7. The three-step construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (5) splicing the side arch frame and the top arch frame in the step (8) through bolts.
8. The three-step construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) replacing the working arm accessory in the installation of the side arch in the step (8) with a lifting hand assembly to hoist the side arch to the side wall so that the side arch is connected with the top arch, and completing the installation operation of the steel bar net and the construction of the foot locking anchor rod and the radial anchor rod for the rock drill assembly after the connection.
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