CN114961744A - Supporting platform and hard rock tunnel non-blasting excavation construction method - Google Patents
Supporting platform and hard rock tunnel non-blasting excavation construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114961744A CN114961744A CN202210649870.6A CN202210649870A CN114961744A CN 114961744 A CN114961744 A CN 114961744A CN 202210649870 A CN202210649870 A CN 202210649870A CN 114961744 A CN114961744 A CN 114961744A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/122—Working or loading platforms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a supporting platform and a non-blasting excavation construction method for a hard rock tunnel, wherein the supporting platform comprises a platform main body, a guide structure, a device loading mechanism, a driving mechanism and a moving platform assembly, the device loading mechanism is used for loading and lifting devices, the moving platform assembly is used for extending forwards to balance devices lifted at the rear side, the driving mechanism is used for driving the device loading mechanism and the moving platform assembly to move simultaneously, the guide structure is used for guiding the moving platform assembly, and a connecting mechanism which is detachably and fixedly connected with a cantilever type tunneling machine is arranged below the top of the platform main body. The invention can utilize the cantilever type development machine to transport the supporting platform and the equipment at the same time, avoid the obstruction to the retreat of the cantilever type development machine and improve the stability of the supporting platform in the transport state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a supporting platform and a non-blasting excavation construction method for a hard rock tunnel.
Background
The tunnel non-blasting excavation construction process of excavating by using the cantilever type heading machine needs to be supported after excavating one section, and the corresponding process comprises the following steps: after the heading machine is heading forwards for one working step, the heading machine needs to stop working and retreat, a supporting platform close to the top of the tunnel is built in a heading area, a worker climbs the supporting platform and operates a machine to weld and fix the top through a pipe anchor and an arch frame, concrete is sprayed before and after supporting, concrete with the thickness of 3-5 cm is sprayed on the inner side firstly, and the steel arch frame is erected and then the concrete is sprayed to the designed thickness. And backfilling and grouting after the primary support back to follow the primary support surface in time, and changing the mechanical state of the surrounding rock through the grouted supporting structure so as to achieve the aim of maintaining the stability of the roadway.
Obviously, the supporting operation needs a plurality of steps of platform building, manual anchoring, concrete spraying, backfill grouting and the like, and the supporting process is gradually carried out along with the excavation and tunneling process, so that the corresponding supporting platform, the concrete stirring device, the grouting pump used for grouting and other equipment are conveyed forward section by section for the supporting process. However, the non-blasting excavation construction method relies on the boom-type excavator for excavation, and the boom-type excavator occupies a large space in the tunnel, so that the large transport vehicle is difficult to immediately follow the upper supporting platform and the surrounding equipment to carry out corresponding supporting platform and equipment transportation under the condition that the boom-type excavator retreats, manual transportation of the large transport vehicle through the simple transportation trolley is caused under most conditions, the workload of field personnel is greatly increased, and the boom-type excavator is easy to collide with the platform and the equipment in transportation, so that the equipment or the excavator is damaged.
In order to solve the problems, the prior art has two solutions, one is to lift the cutting part through the boom-type excavator without depending on a transport vehicle, lift the support platform through the cutting part and move the support platform forward, and the other is to mount the support platform on the boom-type excavator, split and fold the platform through a corresponding motion mechanism so as to avoid hindering the operation of the excavator, and assemble the support platform on the excavator through the motion mechanism when the support is needed. However, the two modes only solve the problem that the supporting platform moves forwards through the development machine in the construction process, the supporting platform has larger vibration in the operation process such as a stirring machine and an injection pump, and equipment which is convenient to feed and cannot be arranged at the top of the supporting platform is arranged, the supporting platform cannot move together in the construction process in the prior art, and the equipment is generally supported on the ground and is most likely to collide with the development machine when the development machine moves backwards, so that the manpower consumed for conveying the supporting platform, the concrete stirring device, the injection pump and the like is reduced in the process of gradually establishing the supporting system, the probability of collision between the equipment and the development machine in the conveying process is reduced, and the problem to be solved in the prior art still remains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a supporting platform and a non-blasting excavation construction method for a hard rock tunnel, which are used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, equipment such as the supporting platform, a concrete stirring device, a grouting pump and the like are affected by a cantilever type tunneling machine, so that the transportation is inconvenient, and the tunneling machine is easy to collide.
The supporting platform comprises a platform main body, a guide structure, an equipment loading mechanism, a driving mechanism and a moving platform assembly, wherein the equipment loading mechanism comprises a lifting guide rail connected with a side pillar of the platform main body in a sliding manner, a sliding beam inserted with the lifting guide rail in a sliding manner and an equipment loading platform arranged at the rear end of the sliding beam, the guide structure is arranged at the top of the platform main body and is provided with a guide groove arranged in the front and back direction, the moving platform assembly comprises a moving platform plate connected with the guide grooves on two sides in a sliding manner, a push plate extending downwards from the bottom of the moving platform plate, a balance weight is arranged at the front part of the moving platform plate, the driving mechanism comprises a bidirectional linear driving device arranged in the front and back direction and a driving lever arm hinged at the rear end of the top of the platform main body at the upper end, and the driving lever arm is rotatably connected with the rear end of the sliding beam on the corresponding side, the bidirectional linear driving device is installed below the top of the platform main body, a rear end telescopic rod of the bidirectional linear driving device is connected with the driving lever arm through a sliding structure capable of rotating relatively, a front end telescopic rod of the bidirectional linear driving device is fixed on the push plate, and a connecting mechanism used for being fixedly connected with the cantilever type tunneling machine in a separable mode is installed below the top of the platform main body.
Preferably, coupling mechanism includes clamping component and pressure strip, cantilever type entry driving machine upper portion install with coupling mechanism complex brace table, be fixed with a pair of tight cell body that upright board and bilateral symmetry set up on the support flat board at brace table top, upright board is installed location cell body rear, clamping component includes the tight beam column of clamp that the fore-and-aft direction set up, the power telescopic link that is located the outside and the connecting rod that is located the inboard, press from both sides tight beam column and the tight cell body cooperation of clamp that corresponds of pegging graft, the connecting rod with the two both ends of power telescopic link articulate respectively the top of platform main part with press from both sides tight beam column on, the pressure strip is installed the bottom of moving platform subassembly, clamping component with the pressure strip can press from both sides tightly in the past back the upright board.
Preferably, moving platform board rear end is equipped with back opening spout and sliding connection and is in last slide in the back opening spout, the pressure strip is fixed below last slide, still be fixed with on the moving platform board and be located the preceding limiting plate of back opening spout, install the guide post that stretches out forward above the last slide, the guide post slides and passes the limiting plate, the front end of guide post then is fixed with the baffle, the baffle with be connected with the cover between the limiting plate and the pressure spring on the guide post.
Preferably, the moving platform plate is provided with a falling prevention mechanism, the falling prevention mechanism comprises steel wire slings, sling spring drums corresponding to the steel wire slings, a non-return ratchet wheel coaxially connected with the sling spring drums, a falling prevention shell covering the non-return ratchet wheel and a plug non-return structure transversely slidably mounted on the falling prevention shell, when the inserting non-return structure is inserted into the non-return ratchet wheel, each non-return pawl can be inserted into the position provided with the ratchet, the ratchet can only rotate in one direction and passes through the position provided with the non-return pawl, each lifting guide rail is connected with the steel wire sling through at least two hanging structures, the bottom surface of the top of the supporting platform is provided with guide pulleys corresponding to the steel wire slings, the steel wire slings are wound on corresponding sling spring drums after passing through the guide pulleys, and the sling spring drums store energy through volute springs.
Preferably, the inserting and stopping structure is provided with a stopping pawl which can be clamped on one side of a ratchet on the stopping ratchet wheel in a one-way mode and an inserting operation piece which is connected with each stopping pawl, the inserting operation piece is provided with an operation end which transversely extends out of the anti-falling shell, the inserting operation piece is hinged to the upper end of the stopping pawl and is provided with a stop block which is abutted against one side of the stopping pawl to prevent the stopping pawl from rotating towards one side.
Preferably, the platform main part includes hollow roof, installs side pillar below the hollow roof both sides, install lateral sliding structure of both sides around above the hollow roof with install lateral adjustment plate above the lateral sliding structure, clamping component installs lateral adjustment plate bottom, guide structure installs above the hollow roof, guide structure includes flute profile installed part and longitudinal rail, be equipped with the transverse groove on the flute profile installed part, longitudinal rail sliding connection be in the transverse groove, lateral adjustment plate's both sides sliding connection be in the longitudinal rail.
Preferably, the main part of two-way sharp drive arrangement is fixed through the vertical mounting panel at both ends horizontal regulating plate bottom, and through horizontal hub connection between the actuating lever arm, be equipped with on the actuating lever arm with horizontal hub connection's pole groove, the pole groove with actuating lever arm syntropy extends, the pole cover has been cup jointed in the activity of horizontal hub, the pole cover can be relative horizontal hub rotation and edge horizontal hub horizontal slip, the end that stretches out of rear end telescopic link is fixed on the pole cover.
The invention also provides a non-blasting excavation construction method for the hard rock tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
step one, completing construction preparation, drawing a groove and repairing a slope through a cantilever type tunneling machine, and preparing for later excavation;
step two, gradually excavating and tunneling the cantilever type tunneling machine forwards;
step three, arranging the supporting platform and the equipment for supporting construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7 behind a cantilever type tunneling machine, transporting the supporting platform and the equipment by using the cantilever type tunneling machine, and enabling the cantilever type tunneling machine to withdraw from the area where the supporting platform is located;
step four, performing primary support construction;
and forming a gradual tunneling cycle from the second step to the fourth step, loading the equipment into the equipment loading platform after the primary supporting construction of each step is completed, lifting the equipment loading platform, reserving a channel for the cantilever type tunneling machine to pass through below the supporting platform, performing the next excavation by the cantilever type tunneling machine to the tunnel face, and performing the next cycle from the second step.
Preferably, the third step includes:
step 3.1, arranging a supporting platform and supporting construction equipment;
3.2, moving the cantilever type tunneling machine backwards until the supporting table is positioned below the connecting mechanism, the vertical plate is positioned between the clamping assembly and the pressing plate, and starting the connecting mechanism to unfold at the moment to enable the connecting mechanism to be supported on the supporting table;
3.3, the driving mechanism is started to push the equipment loading platform on the rear side up, and meanwhile, the movable platform assembly is pushed out forwards, so that the equipment is lifted and the balance of the supporting platform is kept;
step 3.4, the cantilever type tunneling machine transports the supporting platform and the equipment to the position of the tunnel face excavated in front, the supporting platform is disconnected from the supporting platform and put down, the transportation state is kept while the supporting platform is put down, and the cantilever type tunneling machine withdraws from the rear side of the supporting platform;
and 3.5, the supporting platform descends the equipment loading platform, the movable platform assembly is retracted to the top of the platform main body, field personnel check the equipment state, and the equipment needing to be placed on the ground is moved to the ground.
Preferably, the step 3.2 specifically includes: the clamping assemblies are symmetrically clamped inwards to realize centering and clamping in the left and right directions, and if the lateral position of the cantilever type tunneling machine deviates greatly, so that the lateral movement of the platform main body after the platform main body is supported and lifted is prevented by equipment or a tunnel side wall, the lateral position of the platform main body is adjusted through a lateral sliding structure and a lateral adjusting plate.
The invention has the following advantages: supporting platform can be used for the transportation when strut not set up with the equipment at platform top, and realize the lifting and the decline of equipment through actuating mechanism and equipment loading mechanism, the equipment load platform after the lifting does not hinder the back-and-forth movement of platform main part below cantilever type entry driving machine simultaneously, and in order to avoid influencing supporting platform's focus after the equipment load platform lifting, cause the whole focus of platform skew supporting bench's support region, actuating mechanism still in step will be equipped with the moving platform subassembly of balance weight and impel forward the regulation that realizes centrobaric, improve the stability of supporting platform under the transport state.
Because cantilever type entry driving machine's removal has the error, this scheme utilizes the supporting bench of installing on cantilever type entry driving machine and the cooperation of supporting the last connection structure of platform, both realized that supporting platform and supporting bench support center's centering are tight, guarantee to support reliable and stable, the platform accident of turning on one's side that avoids the skew support center of focus to cause, on the other hand utilizes lateral sliding structure and lateral adjustment board again to let platform main part can do lateral shifting limitedly, avoid cantilever type entry driving machine lateral shifting to cause the excessive sideslip of platform main part when more, bump equipment or touch the tunnel lateral wall.
Supporting platform has set up anti-falling mechanism for sharing the support burden of drive lever arm and preventing that the equipment loading platform from falling in this scheme, has improved the security and the reliability of this supporting platform transportation greatly, has increased the life of drive lever arm, reduces the probability that the equipment loading platform accident takes place that falls.
The non-blasting excavation construction method for the hard rock tunnel provided by the invention has the advantages that by applying the supporting platform, the supporting platform loaded with equipment can be simultaneously transported to an area to be supported at the front part by the cantilever type tunneling machine in the construction process, the equipment is conveniently transported from the ground to the equipment loading platform with a lower position, and the equipment is lifted after being subsequently converted into a transportation state, so that the situation that the equipment on the ground obstructs the forward and backward movement of the cantilever type tunneling machine is avoided, the equipment can conveniently retreat and leave from the position where the supporting platform is arranged, and the equipment loading platform is descended by the supporting platform, so that the equipment to be arranged on the ground can be placed on the ground, the manpower consumed by equipment transportation is reduced, the possibility of collision between the equipment on the ground and the cantilever type tunneling machine is greatly reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, and the equipment loss is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic structural views of a supporting platform in the invention.
Fig. 3 is a right side view of the structure shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the structure shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable platform assembly in the structure shown in fig. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the fall arrest mechanism of the arrangement of FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a support stage of the structure shown in FIG. 1.
In the drawings, labeled as: 1. a platform body, 101, a hollow top plate, 102, a channel-shaped mounting part, 103, a longitudinal guide rail, 104, a transverse sliding structure, 105, a transverse adjusting plate, 106, a side pillar, 107, a side platform, 108, a triangular support plate, 2, a moving platform component, 201, a moving platform plate, 202, a balance weight, 203, an upper sliding plate, 204, a limit plate, 205, a pressure spring, 206, a guide pillar, 207, a baffle plate, 208, a push plate, 3, a device loading mechanism, 301, a device loading platform, 302, a sliding beam, 303, a guide rail structure, 304, a rail mounting plate, 306, a lifting sleeve, 4, a driving mechanism, 401, a bidirectional linear driving device, 402, a rear end telescopic rod, 403, a front end telescopic rod, 404, a driving lever arm, 405, a transverse shaft, 406, a lever sleeve, 407, a lever groove, 5, an anti-falling mechanism, 501, a guide pulley, 502, a steel wire, 503, an anti-falling shell, 504, a plug-in operation part, 505. the device comprises a non-return ratchet wheel, 506, a non-return pawl, 507, a stop block, 508, a sling spring reel, 6, a connecting mechanism, 601, a power telescopic rod, 602, a connecting rod, 603, a clamping beam column, 604, a pressing plate, 7, a supporting table, 701, a supporting flat plate, 702, a clamping groove body, 703 and an upright plate.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, for a more complete and accurate understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the present invention provides a supporting platform, which comprises a platform main body 1, a guiding structure, a device loading mechanism 3, a driving mechanism 4 and a moving platform assembly 2, wherein the platform main body 1 is a "door" type structure, the device loading mechanism 3 comprises a liftable guide rail slidably connected with a side pillar 106 of the platform main body 1, a sliding beam 302 slidably inserted with the liftable guide rail transversely arranged, and a device loading platform 301 installed at the rear end of the sliding beam 302, the guiding structure is installed at the top of the platform main body 1 and provided with guide slots arranged in the front-back direction, the moving platform assembly 2 comprises a moving platform plate 201 slidably connected with the guide slots at two sides and capable of moving back and forth, a push plate 208 installed at the bottom of the moving platform plate 201 and extending downward to pass through the top of the platform main body 1, a balance weight 202 is installed at the front of the moving platform plate 201, the driving mechanism 4 comprises a bidirectional linear driving device 401 arranged in the front-back direction and a driving lever arm 404 with the upper end hinged at the rear end of the top of the platform main body 1, the driving lever arm 404 is rotatably connected with the rear end of the sliding beam 302 at the corresponding side through a connecting shaft, the bidirectional linear driving device 401 is installed below the top of the platform main body 1, a rear end telescopic rod 402 of the bidirectional linear driving device 401 is connected with the driving lever arm 404 through a sliding structure capable of rotating relatively, a front end telescopic rod 403 of the bidirectional linear driving device 401 is fixed on the push plate 208, a connecting mechanism 6 for being detachably and fixedly connected with the cantilever type tunneling machine is installed below the top of the platform main body 1, the driving mechanism 4 pushes the equipment loading platform 301 with equipment placed on to the upper position at the back part in a transportation state, and simultaneously pushes the moving platform assembly 2 forward to the front of the platform main body 1, the balance weight 202 balances the equipment to maintain the center of gravity of the overall shoring platform within the area supported by the attachment mechanism 6. The bidirectional linear driving device 401 may be a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder, a bidirectional air cylinder, a bidirectional electric cylinder, or other telescopic devices capable of driving the telescopic rods of the corresponding ends to move linearly in the front and back directions.
The connecting mechanism 6 comprises a clamping component and a pressing plate 604, a supporting platform 7 matched with the connecting mechanism 6 is installed on the upper portion of the cantilever type excavator, an upright plate 703 and a pair of clamping groove bodies 702 symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction are fixed on a supporting flat plate 701 at the top of the supporting platform 7, the upright plate 703 is installed behind the positioning groove bodies, the positioning groove bodies are arranged in the front-back direction, notches face outwards, the clamping component is also symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction and comprises a clamping beam column 603 arranged in the front-back direction, a power telescopic rod 601 located on the outer side and a connecting rod 602 located on the inner side, the clamping beam column 603 is in inserted connection and matching with the notches, the upper ends of the connecting rod 602 and the power telescopic rod 601 are hinged to the top of the platform main body 1, the lower ends of the connecting rod 602 and the power telescopic rod 601 are hinged to the clamping beam column 603, and the pressing plate 604 is installed at the bottom of the moving platform component 2, after the power expansion rod 601 extends out, the upright plate 703 is located between the clamping component and the pressing plate 604, and when the moving platform component 2 moves forward, the pressing plate 604 is pressed towards the clamping component to be clamped.
The clamping components in the structure are symmetrically clamped inwards, the centering and clamping in the left and right directions are realized through the symmetrical clamping groove bodies 702, the clamped connecting rod 602 is in a splayed shape and supports the platform main body 1, the vertical plate 703 is clamped by the pressing plate 604 and the clamping components relatively, the clamping and fixing in the front and back directions of the supporting platform 7 are realized, so that the supporting and fixing of the supporting platform 7 on the supporting platform can be preliminarily realized through the connecting mechanism 6, the supporting and fixing of the supporting platform can be realized through the forward movement of the moving platform component 2 in the conveying state transition process, the supporting platform is further positioned and clamped with the supporting platform 7 in the front and back directions, the gravity center of the supporting platform is ensured to fall on the supporting platform 7, and the stability of the supporting platform in the conveying process is maintained.
Platform main part 1 includes hollow roof 101, installs side pillar 106 below hollow roof 101 both sides installs horizontal sliding structure 104 of both sides around above the hollow roof 101 with install horizontal regulating plate 105 above horizontal sliding structure 104, clamping components installs horizontal regulating plate 105 bottom, guide structure installs above the hollow roof 101, guide structure includes slot-shaped installed part 102 and longitudinal rail 103, be equipped with the transverse groove on the slot-shaped installed part 102, longitudinal rail 103 sliding connection be in the transverse groove, horizontal regulating plate 105's both sides sliding connection be in the longitudinal rail 103. Thus, when the platform body 1 is too deviated to one side of the tunnel after centering and is blocked by the tunnel side wall or equipment, and the center of gravity of the platform body 1 cannot be further adjusted, the transverse position of the platform body 1 can be adjusted to a certain extent by the left-right transverse movement of the transverse adjusting plate 105 relative to the hollow top plate 101, that is, the center of gravity of the platform body 1 is transversely adjusted based on the transverse adjusting plate 105 connected with the support table 7, so that the stability of the support platform is maintained, and at the moment, the longitudinal guide rail 103 also transversely deviates in the transverse groove. The main body part of the two-way linear driving device 401 is fixed at the bottom of the transverse adjusting plate 105 through vertical mounting plates at two ends, the driving lever arms 404 are connected through a transverse shaft 405, a lever groove 407 in sliding connection with the transverse shaft 405 is formed in each driving lever arm 404, the lever groove 407 and the driving lever arms 404 extend in the same direction, a lever sleeve 406 is movably sleeved on each transverse shaft 405, the lever sleeve 406 can slide left and right along the transverse shaft 405, and the extending end of the rear-end telescopic rod 402 is fixed on the lever sleeve 406, so that the transverse adjusting plate 105 can be adapted to move left and right of the hollow top plate 101.
The anti-falling mechanism 5 is arranged on the moving platform plate 201, the anti-falling mechanism 5 comprises steel wire slings 502, sling spring winding drums 508 corresponding to each steel wire sling 502, a reverse stopping ratchet 505 coaxially connected with the sling spring winding drums 508, an anti-falling shell 503 covering the reverse stopping ratchet 505, and an inserting anti-falling structure transversely installed on the anti-falling shell 503 in a sliding manner, the inserting anti-falling structure is provided with a reverse stopping pawl 506 capable of being clamped on one side of a ratchet on the reverse stopping ratchet 505 in a one-way manner and an inserting operating part 504 connected with each reverse stopping pawl 506, the inserting operating part 504 is provided with an operating end transversely extending out of the anti-falling shell 503, the upper end of the reverse stopping pawl 506 hinged on the inserting operating part 504 is provided with a stop block 507 abutted against one side of the reverse stopping pawl 506 to prevent the reverse stopping pawl 506 from rotating towards one side, and when the inserting anti-falling stopping pawl is inserted into the reverse stopping ratchet 505 by the inserting anti-falling operating part, the ratchet can only rotate in one direction through the position where the check pawl 506 is provided. The lifting guide rail is connected with the steel wire slings 502 through at least two hanging structures, guide pulleys 501 corresponding to the steel wire slings 502 are installed on the bottom surface of the top of the supporting platform, the steel wire slings 502 are wound around the guide pulleys 501 and then wound on corresponding sling spring drums 508, and the sling spring drums 508 store energy through spiral springs.
When the driving mechanism 4 pushes the driving lever arm 404 to rotate towards the rear upper side, each lifting guide rail connected with the driving lever arm moves upwards synchronously, the sling spring drum 508 collects sling along with the sling, the non-return ratchet wheel 505 rotates along with the non-return ratchet wheel, the non-return pawl 506 is pulled by one side of the ratchet inclined plane to rotate upwards, the rotation of the sling spring drum 508 is not affected, the steel wire sling 502 cannot be reversely released due to the action of the stop block 507 and the pawl, the lifting guide rails can be pulled, the lifting support effect of the equipment loading platform 301 can be achieved through the lifting guide rails, the anti-falling effect of the equipment loading platform 301 can be achieved under the condition that the supporting effect of the driving lever arm 404 cannot be guaranteed, the supporting effect borne by the driving lever arm 404 is shared, the equipment loading platform 301 can be prevented from falling, and the reliability and safety of the supporting platform are improved. If the liftable guide rail is to be lowered, the constructor pulls the insertion non-return structure inwards to enable the non-return pawl 506 and the non-return ratchet 505 to move transversely and relatively to be separated from contact, so that the non-return ratchet 505 can rotate reversely under the condition that the non-return pawl 506 does not block the non-return ratchet, and the constructor can normally lower the equipment loading platform 301.
The rear end of the moving platform plate 201 is provided with a rear opening sliding groove and an upper sliding plate 203 which is connected in the rear opening sliding groove in a sliding way, the pressing plate 604 is fixed under the upper sliding plate 203, a limiting plate 204 positioned in front of the rear open chute is also fixed on the moving platform plate 201, a guide post 206 extending forwards is mounted on the upper sliding plate 203, the guide post 206 slides through the limit plate 204, a baffle 207 is fixed at the front end of the guide column 206, a pressure spring 205 sleeved on the guide column 206 is connected between the baffle 207 and the limit plate 204, thus, when the pressing plate 604 presses the upright plate 703 with the moving platform assembly 2, the moving platform plate 201 can further move forward, pushing the counterweight to a position where the front and rear gravity is balanced, meanwhile, the pressure of the pressing plate 604 is increased continuously due to the compression of the compression spring 205, and the clamping and fixing effects are ensured. On the other hand, in the transportation state, the pressing plate 604 can be released from pressing and fixing the upright plate 703 by pushing the baffle 207 backward to further compress the compression spring 205, so that the connection relationship between the connection mechanism 6 and the support table 7 can be conveniently released, and the boom-type excavator can move away from the support platform.
The lifting guide rail comprises a lifting sleeve 306 which is sleeved with the side pillar 106 in a sliding manner, a rail mounting plate 304 which is connected with each lifting sleeve 306 on the same side, and a guide rail structure 303 which is fixed on the rail mounting plate 304 in the same direction, wherein the guide rail structure 303 and the rail mounting plate 304 are arranged in the front-back direction. The side pillar 106 outside still is fixed with side platform 107, makes things convenient for the staff to step on and struts the construction to the tunnel lateral wall, side platform 107 passes through the outside fixed connection of triangular support board 108 with side pillar 106, lifting sleeve 306 is equipped with dodges triangular support board 108 and lets its outside through groove that passes through.
The non-blasting excavation construction method for the hard rock tunnel by adopting the supporting platform comprises the following steps.
And step one, completing construction preparation, drawing a groove and repairing a slope through a cantilever type tunneling machine, and preparing for later excavation.
At the moment, the supporting table 7 is arranged on the cantilever type tunneling machine, and the structure of the supporting table 7 is obviously smaller than that of a supporting platform, so that the operation of the cantilever type tunneling machine is usually not hindered; and the connection structure of the support table 7 and the boom-type roadheader depends on the structural model of the boom-type roadheader, so that special purchasing of the boom-type roadheader is not needed, and the application range is expanded.
And step two, gradually excavating and tunneling the cantilever type tunneling machine forwards.
The specific operation mode of the step is determined according to the field requirements, for example, in the embodiment, the construction is performed by adopting an up-down step method according to the coverage height of the cantilever excavator and the geological condition of the field, wherein the height of the up step is 5.3 meters, and the height of the down step is 3.45 meters. In order to ensure the safe step pitch, the inverted arch is closed into a ring segment, the distance between the segment and the tunnel face is kept within 60 meters, the length of an upper step is about 40 meters, and the length of a slope way is about 20 meters. After the cantilever tunneling machine is in place, a groove is horizontally cut from the bottom of the tunnel face, the tunneling machine is moved forwards to be in place again, and after the cantilever tunneling machine is in place, the cutting head performs left-right circular cutting from top to bottom. And performing works such as spray dust removal, residue soil transportation and the like in the excavation process, performing secondary trimming after the primary section is excavated to achieve an accurate design section, and combining manual trimming on local four-angle positions to ensure no underexcavation.
And thirdly, arranging the support platform and the equipment for support construction at the rear part of the cantilever type tunneling machine, transporting the support platform and the equipment by using the cantilever type tunneling machine, and withdrawing the cantilever type tunneling machine from the area where the support platform is located.
This step specifically includes the following substeps.
And 3.1, arranging a supporting platform and supporting construction equipment.
The supporting platform and the equipment for supporting construction are arranged behind the cantilever type tunneling machine, and after the supporting platform is arranged, the equipment such as spray anchor equipment, a concrete stirring device and a grouting pump is transported to the site and respectively loaded on the equipment loading platform 301 on the supporting platform. The supporting platform is in a normal supporting state, not a transportation state, in which the driving lever arm 404 naturally droops, each equipment loading platform 301 leans against the rear side of the platform main body 1, the outermost equipment loading platform 301 is close to the ground, and the moving platform assembly 2 is positioned right above the platform main body 1, at this time, the structure and the gravity center of the supporting platform are stable. Meanwhile, the clamping assembly in the connecting mechanism 6 is in a contracted state and is positioned close to the moving platform assembly 2 without obstructing the supporting platform 7 from passing through.
And 3.2, moving the cantilever type excavator backwards until the support platform 7 is positioned below the connecting mechanism 6, positioning the upright plate 703 between the clamping assembly and the pressing plate 604, and starting the connecting mechanism 6 to unfold at the moment so that the connecting mechanism 6 is supported on the support platform 7.
In the process, the clamping assemblies are symmetrically clamped inwards, so that centering and clamping in the left and right directions are realized, the center of the platform main body 1 corresponds to the supporting center of the supporting platform 7 in the transverse position, and the supporting stability is ensured. If the lateral position of the boom excavator deviates greatly, which causes the equipment or the tunnel side wall to obstruct the lateral movement of the platform body 1 after being supported and lifted, the lateral position of the platform body 1 is adjusted by the lateral sliding structure 104 and the lateral adjusting plate 105, so as to avoid interference with other equipment or the tunnel side wall while keeping the center of gravity coincident with the support center.
And 3.3, starting the driving mechanism 4 to push the equipment loading platform 301 at the rear side high, and simultaneously pushing the mobile platform assembly 2 forwards, so that the equipment is lifted and the balance of the supporting platform is kept.
The step realizes the front-back direction positioning and fixing of the supporting platform and the supporting platform 7, simultaneously pushes and lifts the equipment, avoids the equipment from being influenced by obstacles such as broken stones on the ground when moving, and simultaneously frees space for the back-off of the cantilever type tunneling machine.
And 3.4, the cantilever type tunneling machine transports the supporting platform and the equipment to the position of the tunnel face excavated in front, the supporting platform is disconnected from the supporting table 7 and put down, the transportation state is kept while the supporting platform is put down, and the cantilever type tunneling machine withdraws from the rear side of the supporting platform.
At the moment, the equipment is still lifted at a high position, so that the back of the cantilever type tunneling machine cannot be hindered, and the equipment and the cantilever type tunneling machine are prevented from colliding.
And 3.5, the supporting platform lowers the equipment loading platform 301, the movable platform assembly 2 is retracted to the top of the platform main body 1, field personnel check the equipment state, and equipment needing to be placed on the ground is moved to the ground.
And step four, performing primary support construction. The method comprises the following steps.
And 4.1, constructing a steel frame and a lock pin anchor pipe. The steel arch frame is made of 122a I-shaped steel, the distance between the I-shaped steel and the steel arch frame is 0.75M, M27 bolts are used for connection, bolt holes with the diameter of 29 mm are reserved in the processed steel frame connecting plate, and the bolts are screwed tightly to ensure that the two steel frames are firmly connected.
And 4.2, spraying concrete. The sprayed concrete is sprayed along with excavation, firstly, the concrete with the thickness of 3-5 cm is sprayed on the inner side, and then, the concrete is sprayed to the designed thickness after the steel arch frame is erected.
And 4.3, backfilling and grouting after primary support and back support. And the backfill grouting pipe after the primary support and the back adopts a DN32 small guide pipe and is arranged along the arch part and the side wall according to the design requirement. And backfilling and grouting after the primary support back to follow the primary support surface in time, wherein grouting is carried out from the arch foot to the arch crown and from no water to the water direction. The ground surface and stratum sedimentation can be effectively controlled by backfilling and grouting after primary support and back support.
And step two to step four form a tunneling cycle which is carried out step by step, according to design requirements, generally 1-2 arch frames are a one-step cycle, after primary supporting construction of each step is completed, the equipment is loaded into the equipment loading platform 301, the equipment loading platform 301 is lifted, a channel which is convenient for the cantilever type tunneling machine to pass through is reserved below the supporting platform, the cantilever type tunneling machine goes to the tunnel face to carry out the next excavation, namely, the next cycle is carried out from step two until tunnel excavation for a certain distance is completed. Specifically, after the excavation of the upper step at the distance is finished, the remaining sections are lower step excavation sections, the lower step excavation cycle is similar to that of the upper step excavation, but the excavation distance of each step can be longer, and only the side excavation part needs to be supported during supporting, and after the lower step formed by excavation follows the upper step for a certain distance, the upper step excavation is carried out again, and the step distance between the upper step and the lower step is generally controlled to be about 30 meters.
The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the specific implementation of the invention is not limited by the above-mentioned manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt various insubstantial modifications of the inventive concept and solution of the invention, or to apply the inventive concept and solution directly to other applications without modification.
Claims (10)
1. A supporting platform is characterized in that: including platform main part (1), guide structure, equipment loading mechanism (3), actuating mechanism (4) and moving platform subassembly (2), equipment loading mechanism (3) include with side pillar (106) sliding connection's of platform main part (1) liftable guide rail, with sliding beam (302) that liftable guide rail slides and pegs graft and install the equipment loading platform (301) of sliding beam (302) rear end, the guide structure is installed platform main part (1) top is equipped with the guide slot that the fore-and-aft direction set up, moving platform subassembly (2) include with both sides's guide slot sliding connection's moving platform board (201), install moving platform board (201) bottom push pedal (208) that stretch out downwards, moving platform board (201) front-mounted has balance weight (202), actuating mechanism (4) articulate including preceding to two-way linear driving device (401) and the upper end that set up platform main part (1) top back the platform main part The drive lever arm (404) of end, drive lever arm (404) and the sliding beam (302) rear end rotation connection that corresponds the side, two-way linear drive device (401) are installed platform main part (1) top below, two-way linear drive device (401) rear end telescopic link (402) with drive lever arm (404) link to each other through the sliding structure that can rotate relatively, two-way linear drive device (401) front end telescopic link (403) are fixed on push pedal (208), install below platform main part (1) top and be used for with detachable fixed connection's of cantilever type entry driving machine coupling mechanism (6).
2. A support platform according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting mechanism (6) comprises a clamping assembly and a pressing plate (604), a supporting platform (7) matched with the connecting mechanism (6) is installed on the upper portion of the cantilever type heading machine, an upright plate (703) and a pair of clamping groove bodies (702) symmetrically arranged in the left-right direction are fixed on a supporting flat plate (701) at the top of the supporting platform (7), the upright plate (703) is installed behind the positioning groove bodies, the clamping assembly comprises a clamping beam column (603) arranged in the front-back direction, a power telescopic rod (601) arranged on the outer side and a connecting rod (602) arranged on the inner side, the clamping beam column (603) is in inserting fit with the corresponding clamping groove bodies (702), two ends of the connecting rod (602) and the power telescopic rod (601) are respectively hinged to the top of the platform main body (1) and the clamping beam column (603), the pressing plate (604) is installed at the bottom of the moving platform assembly (2), the clamping assembly and the hold-down plate (604) can clamp the upright plate (703) from both the front and the back.
3. A support platform according to claim 2, wherein: remove platform board (201) rear end is equipped with back opening spout and sliding connection and is in last slide (203) in the back opening spout, pressure strip (604) are fixed below last slide (203), still be fixed with on removing platform board (201) and be located the preceding limiting plate (204) of back opening spout, upward install guide post (206) that stretches out forward above slide (203), guide post (206) slide and pass limiting plate (204), the front end of guide post (206) then is fixed with baffle (207), baffle (207) with be connected with the cover between limiting plate (204) pressure spring (205) on guide post (206).
4. A support platform according to claim 1, wherein: be equipped with on moving platform board (201) and prevent weighing down mechanism (5), prevent weighing down mechanism (5) including wire sling (502), the hoist cable spring reel (508) that corresponds every wire sling (502), with hoist cable spring reel (508) coaxial coupling's contrary ratchet (505), cover prevent weighing down the casing (503) and lateral sliding install outside contrary ratchet (505) prevent weighing down the grafting contrary structure on casing (503), insert to contrary ratchet (505) when grafting contrary structure and can let each contrary pawl (506) insert the position that is equipped with the ratchet, the ratchet can only unidirectional rotation through being equipped with the position of contrary pawl (506), be connected with wire sling (502) through two at least hanging structures on every liftable guide rail, the bottom surface at supporting platform top is installed and is corresponded direction pulley (501) of each wire sling (502), the steel wire sling (502) is wound on a corresponding sling spring winding drum (508) after passing through the guide pulley (501), and the sling spring winding drum (508) stores energy through a volute spring.
5. A support platform according to claim 4, wherein: the inserting and non-return structure is provided with non-return pawls (506) which can be clamped on one side of ratchets on the non-return ratchet wheels (505) in a one-way mode and inserting operation pieces (504) connected with the non-return pawls (506), the inserting operation pieces (504) are provided with operation ends which transversely extend out of the anti-falling shell (503), the inserting operation pieces (504) are hinged to the upper ends of the non-return pawls (506) and are provided with stop blocks (507) which abut against one sides of the non-return pawls (506) to prevent the non-return pawls (506) from rotating towards one side.
6. A support platform according to claim 3, wherein: platform main part (1) includes hollow roof (101), installs side pillar (106) below hollow roof (101) both sides, install transverse sliding structure (104) of both sides around above hollow roof (101) and installing transverse adjusting plate (105) above transverse sliding structure (104), clamping unit installs transverse adjusting plate (105) bottom, guide structure installs above hollow roof (101), guide structure includes trough-shaped installed part (102) and longitudinal rail (103), be equipped with the transverse groove on trough-shaped installed part (102), longitudinal rail (103) sliding connection be in the transverse groove, the both sides sliding connection of transverse adjusting plate (105) is in longitudinal rail (103).
7. The support platform of claim 6, wherein: the main body part of the bidirectional linear driving device (401) is fixed at the bottom of the transverse adjusting plate (105) through vertical mounting plates at two ends, the driving lever arms (404) are connected through a transverse shaft (405), a lever groove (407) in sliding connection with the transverse shaft (405) is formed in each driving lever arm (404), the lever grooves (407) and the driving lever arms (404) extend in the same direction, a lever sleeve (406) is movably sleeved on the transverse shaft (405), the lever sleeve (406) can slide left and right along the transverse shaft (405), and the extending end of the rear end telescopic rod (402) is fixed on the lever sleeve (406).
8. A non-blasting excavation construction method for a hard rock tunnel is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
step one, completing construction preparation, drawing a groove and repairing a slope through a cantilever type tunneling machine, and preparing for later excavation;
step two, gradually excavating and tunneling the cantilever type tunneling machine forwards;
step three, arranging the supporting platform and the equipment for supporting construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7 behind a cantilever type tunneling machine, transporting the supporting platform and the equipment by using the cantilever type tunneling machine, and enabling the cantilever type tunneling machine to withdraw from the area where the supporting platform is located;
step four, performing primary support construction;
and step two to step four form a gradual tunneling cycle, when the primary supporting construction of each step is completed, the equipment is loaded into the equipment loading platform (301), the equipment loading platform (301) is lifted, a channel convenient for the cantilever type tunneling machine to pass through is reserved below the supporting platform, the cantilever type tunneling machine goes to the tunnel face to perform the next excavation, and the next cycle is performed from the step two.
9. The non-blasting excavation construction method for the hard rock tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: the third step comprises:
step 3.1, arranging a supporting platform and supporting construction equipment;
3.2, moving the cantilever type tunneling machine backwards until the supporting platform (7) is positioned below the connecting mechanism (6), positioning the upright plate (703) between the clamping assembly and the pressing plate (604), starting the connecting mechanism (6) to unfold at the moment, and enabling the connecting mechanism (6) to be supported on the supporting platform (7);
3.3, the starting driving mechanism (4) is used for pushing up the equipment loading platform (301) on the rear side, meanwhile, the mobile platform assembly (2) is pushed forward, and the balance of the supporting platform is kept while the equipment is lifted;
step 3.4, the cantilever type heading machine transports the supporting platform and the equipment to the position of the tunnel face excavated in front, the supporting platform is disconnected with the supporting table (7) and put down, the transportation state is kept while the supporting platform is put down, and the cantilever type heading machine withdraws from the rear side of the supporting platform;
and 3.5, the supporting platform descends the equipment loading platform (301), the movable platform assembly (2) is retracted to the top of the platform main body (1), field personnel check the equipment state, and equipment needing to be placed on the ground is moved to the ground.
10. The non-blasting excavation construction method for the hard rock tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: the step 3.2 specifically comprises: the clamping assemblies are symmetrically clamped inwards to realize centering and clamping in the left and right directions, and if the lateral position of the cantilever type heading machine deviates greatly, so that equipment or a tunnel side wall prevents the lateral movement of the platform main body (1) after the platform main body is supported and lifted, the lateral position of the platform main body (1) is adjusted through a lateral sliding structure (104) and a lateral adjusting plate (105).
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Effective date of registration: 20221110 Address after: No.278, JIANGCHANG Third Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai Applicant after: SHANGHAI CIVIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. OF CREC Applicant after: THE FIRST CIVIL ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CREC SHANGHAI Group Address before: 241000 bujiadian, Jiujiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province Applicant before: THE FIRST CIVIL ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CREC SHANGHAI Group |
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