CN113530554B - Full-section construction process based on tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley - Google Patents

Full-section construction process based on tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113530554B
CN113530554B CN202110714087.9A CN202110714087A CN113530554B CN 113530554 B CN113530554 B CN 113530554B CN 202110714087 A CN202110714087 A CN 202110714087A CN 113530554 B CN113530554 B CN 113530554B
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arch
trolley
working
frame
support
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CN113530554A (en
Inventor
王文胜
张光明
周聪
刘新华
吕虎
王嵽显
何亮
陈晓飞
杨奥飞
张添程
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China Railway 11th Bureau Group Co Ltd
China Railway 11th Bureau Group Hanjiang Heavy Industry Co Ltd
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China Railway 11th Bureau Group Co Ltd
China Railway 11th Bureau Group Hanjiang Heavy Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110714087.9A priority Critical patent/CN113530554B/en
Publication of CN113530554A publication Critical patent/CN113530554A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/006Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/02Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
    • E21B7/025Rock drills, i.e. jumbo drills
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E21D11/152Laggings made of grids or nettings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/40Devices or apparatus specially adapted for handling or placing units of linings or supporting units for tunnels or galleries
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00Setting anchoring-bolts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a full-section construction process based on a tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley, which comprises the steps of measuring and lofting a tunnel, determining a trolley station, extending a working arm behind the trolley station to perform drilling operation on a tunnel face, withdrawing the working arm by the trolley, moving the trolley to the front of the tunnel face to finish charging and connecting line operation, moving the trolley to a safe position after the operation is finished, performing blasting and slag tapping after the blasting is finished, performing top arch pre-assembly operation at the same time of slag tapping, hoisting a top arch by a cantilever and placing the top arch on an arch transport vehicle, moving the arch transport vehicle to the arch mounting vehicle through a third longitudinal moving mechanism, shrinking the arch transport vehicle downwards to place the top arch on the arch mounting vehicle, moving the arch transport vehicle backwards, circulating the operation until the top arch is pre-completed, and the like The installation arch center, the anchor rod and the wet spraying support are integrated, multiple devices do not need to work alternately, the operation is simple, the automation degree is high, the precision is high, and meanwhile, the potential safety hazard is reduced.

Description

Full-section construction process based on tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a full-section construction process based on a tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley.
Background
At present, tunnel excavation construction mainly has two modes: one is to use the artificial portal as the operation platform, use the hand-held or hydrodrill as the operation mode of the tool; the other is a mechanized construction mode taking the drill jumbo as main construction equipment; the first mode is flexible, strong in adaptability, particularly suitable for various and complex working conditions of surrounding rocks, high in efficiency, high in human working strength and high in risk, and meanwhile, along with rapid increase of labor cost, the construction equipment manufacturing technology is continuously developed and renovated, and the advantages of manual excavation relative to construction of a rock drilling trolley are not existed. The drilling operation of tunnel excavation by using the drill jumbo becomes a common method in the drilling and blasting tunnel construction abroad, the hydraulic drill jumbo has high degree of mechanization, advanced technology, safety and reliability, and has more than forty years of development history abroad. At present, single-arm, double-arm, three-arm and four-arm hydraulic drill jumbo are used for different tunnel construction occasions abroad, and the problem of tunnel drilling by a drilling and blasting method under the concept of balanced construction speed is basically solved. The drill jumbo can be well adapted to tunnels with good geological conditions such as full sections and the like, certain requirements are provided for field operation and maintenance personnel, and the drill jumbo still has incomparable advantages of manual excavation in large and long tunnels.
However, the mechanical construction mode using the drill jumbo as the main construction equipment can realize rapid construction only under the condition of good stability of hard rock or surrounding rock, and has the advantages of high equipment cost, single function and high use and maintenance cost; it is difficult to form advanced mechanized lines on most projects. In order to solve the defects, the intelligent, information and mechanical development of tunnel construction is inevitable through the analysis and research of the conventional construction method and construction equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a construction process for solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The full-section construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley provided by the invention integrates excavation, installation of the arch frame, the anchor rod and wet-spraying support, does not need multiple devices to work alternately, is simple to operate, has high automation degree and high precision, reduces potential safety hazards and improves the construction efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the above purpose of the invention is as follows:
a full-section construction process based on a tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring and lofting the tunnel and determining a station position of the trolley;
(2) after the trolley stands, the working arm is provided with a rock drill assembly to drill the tunnel face;
(3) after the drilling operation is finished, the trolley retracts the working arm and moves to the front of the tunnel face, a worker climbs the trolley to finish charging and connecting operation, and the trolley moves to a safe position to perform blasting after the operation is finished;
(4) after blasting, deslagging is carried out, and simultaneously, top arch pre-assembly operation is carried out, wherein one top arch is hoisted by a cantilever and placed on an arch transport vehicle, the arch transport vehicle carries the top arch and moves to the upper side of an arch mounting vehicle through a third longitudinal movement mechanism, the arch transport vehicle contracts downwards to place the top arch on the arch mounting vehicle, the arch transport vehicle moves backwards, and the operation is circulated until the top arch is pre-assembled;
(5) after deslagging is finished, pre-assembling the top arch, moving the trolley to an arch mounting position, replacing a working accessory of the working arm with a grabbing and lifting hand assembly, hoisting the side arch to a side wall, moving the arch mounting trolley to the arch mounting position, adjusting the side arch through a mechanical arm to enable the side arch to correspond to the top arch in position, and connecting the side arch with the top arch;
(6) after the side arch frame and the top arch frame are connected, welding a steel bar net piece, retreating the welded trolley to an anchor rod construction position, replacing a working accessory of a working arm with a rock drill assembly, extending out to drill an anchor rod hole, and completing construction of a foot locking anchor rod and a radial anchor rod;
(7) after the construction of the locking pin anchor rod and the radial anchor rod is completed, the working arm is provided with the wet spraying machine assembly and is connected with the wet spraying material supply system to perform wet spraying operation, and after the wet spraying operation is completed, one working cycle is completed.
The trolley is moved through the walking mechanism in the whole construction process and stands through the supporting mechanism.
And (3) the trolley in the step (2) plans the design drawing to carry out drilling operation according to the drilling parameters which are pre-imported into the vehicle-mounted computer.
The working arm is moved longitudinally by a first longitudinal movement mechanism.
The number of the top arches in the step (4) is 3, wherein each top arch is spliced by 3 top arch pieces through bolts.
And (4) enabling the slag discharging vehicle to enter the tunnel face from the lower part of the lower rack and discharging slag.
And (4) moving the arch frame transport vehicle to the arch frame installation vehicle through the third longitudinal moving mechanism, and moving the arch frame installation vehicle through the second longitudinal moving mechanism.
And (4) the top arch is positioned on a jacking piece on an arch jacking assembly of the arch mounting vehicle.
And (4) the arch frame transport vehicle contracts downwards through the lifting oil cylinder to place the top arch frame on the arch frame installation vehicle.
And (5) splicing the top arch and the side arch by a worker climbing up the working platform.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the construction process provided by the invention integrates excavation, installation of the arch frame, the anchor rod and wet-spraying support, does not need multiple devices to work alternately, is simple to operate, high in automation degree, high in accuracy and small in error, saves cost, improves construction quality and construction efficiency, reduces water consumption during excavation, causes low pollution to the environment of a construction site, reduces cleaning workload and reduces potential safety hazards; 2. the construction process provided by the invention has more drilling operation points, and the shutdown of the full section can not be caused under the condition that individual air guns and the like are damaged; 3. the construction process provided by the invention can synchronously carry out anchor rod, locking pin and advanced drilling, can carry out grouting operation by multiple persons simultaneously, avoids moving the trolley for multiple times, is favorable for saving time, and has the advantages of high anchor spraying speed and small rebound quantity by adopting a wet blasting machine assembly for supporting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the integrated trolley for tunnel excavation and support provided in this embodiment;
fig. 2 is a partial structure diagram of the integrated trolley for tunnel excavation and support provided in this embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a stage in the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a structural view of a fourth longitudinal movement mechanism in the present embodiment;
wherein (a) is a side view of the fourth longitudinal moving mechanism, and (b) (c) and (d) are both cross-sectional views of the fourth longitudinal moving mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of the first longitudinal movement mechanism in the present embodiment;
fig. 6 is a front view of the integrated tunnel excavation supporting trolley provided in this embodiment, in which (b) is a partial enlarged view of a in (a);
FIG. 7 is a structural view of the working arm in the present embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a structural view of the working attachment in the present embodiment;
wherein, (a) the rock drill assembly, (b) is the wet blasting machine assembly, (c) is the planer assembly;
fig. 9 is a structural view of the quick-change coupler according to the embodiment;
wherein (a) is a structure diagram of each part of the quick-change connector, and (b) is a structure diagram of the assembled quick-change connector;
FIG. 10 is a view showing the construction of the work tables on both sides of the upper stage in the present embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a view showing the connection between the work table and the stand according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a view showing the construction of the boom hoist, the robot and the arch support bar in the present embodiment;
wherein (a) is a cantilever crane, (b) is a manipulator, and (c) is an arch support rod;
FIG. 13 is a structural view of the arch transport vehicle and the third longitudinal movement mechanism in this embodiment;
fig. 14 is a structural view of a second longitudinal movement mechanism in the present embodiment;
wherein (a) is a side view of the second longitudinal moving mechanism, and (b) (c) (d) are both cross-sectional views of the second longitudinal moving mechanism;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the second longitudinal moving mechanism of the present embodiment in different directions;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the arch mounting cart of this embodiment in a different orientation;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view showing the construction of a running gear of this embodiment, wherein (a) and (b) are perspective views in different directions;
FIG. 18 is a structural view of a supporting mechanism in the present embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a wet blasting supply system of the present invention used with an integrated trolley;
FIG. 20 is a first construction schematic provided by the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a second schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a third schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a fourth schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 24 is a fifth construction schematic provided by the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a sixth exemplary illustration of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a seventh schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 27 is an eighth schematic view of the construction provided by the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a rack, 101-an upper rack, 1011-an upper top plate, 1012-an upper support, 1013-a side frame, 102-a lower rack, 1021-a lower top plate, 1022-a lower support, 103-a fourth longitudinal movement mechanism, 1031-a rack rail, 1032-a rack support, 1033-a fourth riding wheel, 1034-a fourth riding rail, 1035-a fourth pulley, 1036-a fourth rack, 1037-a fourth hydraulic motor, 1038-a fourth gear and 104-a lifting cylinder A;
20-a working platform, 21-a suspension bracket, 22-a telescopic platform, 23-a transverse moving oil cylinder, 24-a ladder, 200-a fifth longitudinal moving mechanism, 201-a platform track and 202-a suspension disc;
3-a working arm, 301-a frame, 302-a rotary component, 303-an amplitude-changing component, 304-a basic arm support and 305-a telescopic arm support;
4-running gear, 401-steering assembly, 402-suspension assembly, 403-tires, 404-drive motor, 405-axle;
5-a supporting mechanism, 501-a connecting seat, 502-a supporting oil cylinder and 503-a supporting seat;
61-arch mounting vehicle, 611-vehicle frame, 6111-top frame, 6112-support frame, 6113-longitudinal frame, 612-arch jacking assembly, 6121-jacking oil cylinder, 6122-jacking piece, 613-mounting vehicle longitudinal moving assembly, 6131-longitudinal moving frame, 6132-mounting vehicle traveling wheel, 6133-sixth hydraulic motor, 614-telescopic joint and 615-lifting oil cylinder B;
62-a second longitudinal moving mechanism, 621-a fixed rail, 622-a sliding rail, 623-a second riding wheel, 624-a second riding rail, 625-a second pulley, 626-a second rack, 627-a second hydraulic motor, 628-a second gear and 629-an arch mounting vehicle rail;
63-an arch carrier vehicle, 631-a vertical column, 632-an arch clamping device, 64-a third longitudinal moving mechanism, 641-a carrier vehicle track, 642-a carrier vehicle support, 65-a cantilever crane, 66-a manipulator, 67-an arch support rod and 68-an inclined support rod;
7-a first longitudinal moving mechanism, 701-a working arm track, 702-a working arm support, 703-a first rack, 704-a first hydraulic motor, 705-a first gear;
8-quick-change connector, 801-working arm connector, 8011-hook, 802-working accessory connector, 8021-hanging groove, 803-hydraulic pin shaft, 9-rock drill assembly, 10-wet blasting machine assembly, 11-planing and milling machine assembly and 12-wet blasting material supply system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The integral structure of the tunnel excavation supporting trolley provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises a trolley body, an electric hydraulic system which is positioned on the trolley body and provides operation power for each component on the trolley, a working arm 3 used for tunnel excavation and supporting construction, a walking mechanism 4 and a supporting mechanism 5 which are connected to the bottom of the trolley body, and an arch installing unit, wherein the trolley body comprises a rack 1 and a working platform 20. The integrated trolley can realize the integration of drilling and blasting holes, charging, arch center pre-installation, anchor rod holes, anchor rod installation grouting, arch center net piece installation, milling and digging operation, concrete wet spraying operation and the like, and is suitable for tunnel construction of various construction methods such as a full-section method, a step method, a three-step reserved core soil and the like.
In this embodiment, two vertically arranged gantries 1 are respectively an upper gantry 101 and a lower gantry 102, the upper gantry comprises an upper top plate 1011, an upper bracket 1012 connected and fixed under the upper top plate and a side frame 1013 connected to the bottom of the upper bracket and extending along the inner side of the upper bracket, the lower gantry comprises a lower top plate 1021 and a lower bracket 1022 connected and fixed under the lower top plate, the upper bracket is connected to the lower top plate through a fourth longitudinal movement mechanism 103, so that the upper gantry is connected to the lower gantry and the upper gantry moves longitudinally along the lower gantry; the upper support and the lower support are of telescopic structures and are connected with lifting oil cylinders A104 in a uniformly distributed mode, so that the heights of the upper rack and the lower rack are adjusted along with the lifting oil cylinders. The structure of the rack is shown in fig. 3, and two lifting oil cylinders are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the upper rack and the lower rack. When the integral type platform truck is under construction, go up the rack and can indulge forward through indulging moving the mechanism and move 0 ~ 4m, in addition, every rack height-adjustable 0 ~ 1m, the whole height-adjustable 0 ~ 2m of integral type platform truck, can adapt to the step method construction when satisfying the full section construction. In addition, the height of the lower rack can reach 3.5-4.5 m (including the height of a walking mechanism) through the lifting oil cylinder, after drilling and blasting are completed, the slag discharging vehicle can enter an excavation surface from the lower part of the lower rack and discharge slag, the integrated trolley can not exit the tunnel excavation surface, and the arch frame, the connecting ribs and the reinforcing mesh can be grouped and pre-assembled while discharging slag, so that the construction efficiency is improved.
The fourth longitudinal moving mechanism 103 comprises a rack rail 1031 fixed on the lower top plate, a rack support 1032 fixed on the bottom of the upper support and arranged in the rack rail, a fourth riding wheel 1033, a fourth riding rail 1034, a fourth pulley 1035 arranged on two sides of the rack support and close to the rear end of the trolley, a fourth rack 1036 connected to the bottom of the rack support, and a fourth hydraulic motor 1037 and a fourth gear 1038 connected on the upper support and fixedly connected, wherein the rack rail is a groove structure assembled by two steel rails with cross sections in a shape of [, the fourth gear is meshed with the fourth rack, the rack transmission is driven by the fourth hydraulic motor to enable the rack support and the upper support to integrally move on the rack rail, the structure of the fourth longitudinal moving mechanism is as shown in figure 4, the fourth riding rail is connected to the bottom of the rack support and arranged in parallel with the fourth rack, the fourth riding wheel straddles the fourth riding rail and is connected and fixed on the upper support close to the front end of the trolley, the support of the rack is prevented from being separated from the track of the rack during longitudinal movement; the length of the rack rail is consistent with that of the rack.
The working arm 3 is arranged on the rack and is connected with the rack through a first longitudinal moving mechanism 7, and the working arm is driven by the first longitudinal moving mechanism to move longitudinally along the rack. The first longitudinal moving mechanism comprises an i-shaped working arm track 701, a working arm support 702 straddling on the working arm track, a first rack 703 fixed on the side surface of the working arm track, and a first hydraulic motor 704 and a first gear 705 which are fixedly connected with the working arm support, wherein the first gear is meshed with the first rack, the first hydraulic motor drives the gear rack to drive the gear rack to move the working arm support on the working arm track, and the structure of the first longitudinal moving mechanism is shown in fig. 5. The working arm rails are correspondingly distributed and connected to the upper top plate, the lower top plate and the upper support, the working arm rails on the upper support are fixedly connected to the upper support through a side frame 1013 at the bottom of the upper support and extending along the inner side of the upper support, the working arm rails are arranged along the direction of the trolley, the length of the working arm rails is consistent with that of the trolley, and the working arm supports are connected with the working arms, so that the working arms can longitudinally move along the trolley. In this embodiment, six working arms are provided, two working arms are respectively provided on the upper surface of the upper top plate and the lower surfaces of the upper support and the lower top plate, wherein the working arms of the upper top plate and the upper support are mounted on the first longitudinal moving mechanism in an upright manner, the working arms of the lower top plate are mounted on the first longitudinal moving mechanism in an inverted and suspended manner, the positions of the working arms are distributed as shown in fig. 6, and the distribution positions of the working arm supports in the drawing are the distribution positions of the working arms. In addition, the number of the working arms can be further increased, and the working arms are specifically adjusted according to actual requirements.
The working arm 3 comprises a frame 301, a rotation component 302, an amplitude variation component 303, a base arm support 304 and a telescopic arm support 305, the structure of the working arm is shown in fig. 7, wherein the frame is connected with a working arm support in the first longitudinal movement mechanism, the base arm support is connected with the frame through the rotation component and moves back and forth along the transverse direction under the drive of the rotation component, the telescopic arm support is connected with the base arm support through the amplitude variation component and moves back and forth along the vertical direction under the drive of the amplitude variation component, and a telescopic oil cylinder is installed in the telescopic arm support and moves back and forth along the longitudinal direction under the drive of the telescopic oil cylinder, so that the working arm works in three freedom directions.
The head of the working arm is connected with different working accessories for drilling, wet spraying, milling and arch erecting procedures in tunnel construction through a quick-change connector 8, the working accessories comprise a rock drill assembly 9, a wet spraying machine assembly 10, a milling and planing machine assembly 11 and a crane assembly, the structure of the working accessories is shown in fig. 8, a grabbing hand assembly is used for grabbing side arches to side walls, the grabbing hand assembly and the mechanical arm in the arch installing unit in the embodiment are both existing mature technologies and are similar in structure, and the description is omitted here. The quick-change connector comprises a working arm connector 801 connected with a working arm and a working accessory connector 802 connected with a working accessory, one end of the working arm connector and one end of the working accessory connector are respectively provided with a hook 8011 and a hanging groove 8021 which are matched, the hook is hung on the hanging groove, the other end of the working arm connector and the other end of the working accessory connector are hinged through a hydraulic pin shaft 803, the structure of the quick-change connector is shown in fig. 9, when the working accessory is replaced, after the hook and the hanging groove are hung, the working arm is lifted, the hinged point on the working accessory connector is automatically centered, and the hydraulic pin shaft finishes bolt action under the action of hydraulic pressure after the centering of a sensor sensing hole position, so that the quick change of the accessory is completed, and the manual quick-change work can be avoided. When the trolley performs concrete wet spraying operation, the working accessory is a wet spraying manipulator assembly, the trolley is provided with a wet spraying material supply system 19, the wet spraying material supply system comprises a pumping device, an accelerator quantitative filling device, a wheel type walking device, an automatic intelligent device and a wireless remote controller, and the structure of the wet spraying material supply system is shown in fig. 19.
The working platform 20 is connected to two sides of the rack in a hanging manner, specifically, a hanging frame 21 is connected to one side of the working platform, and the working platform is connected to the rack through the hanging frame, and the structure of the working platform is as shown in fig. 10 and 11; the suspension bracket is connected to two sides of the rack in a hanging manner through a fifth longitudinal moving mechanism 200 to enable the working platform to move longitudinally along the rack, the fifth longitudinal moving mechanism comprises a platform rail 201 connected to the side face of the rack, fifth racks arranged in the platform rail, suspension discs 202 which are distributed on the suspension bracket and clamped in the platform rail, a fifth hydraulic motor and a fifth gear, the fifth hydraulic motor and the fifth gear are fixedly connected to the suspension bracket, the platform rail is of a groove type structure, the two platform rails are arranged in parallel, the two rows of the suspension discs are distributed in parallel at corresponding positions, the fifth gear is meshed with the fifth rack, and the gear rack is driven by the fifth hydraulic motor to enable the suspension bracket to move on the platform rail, so that the working platform moves along the rack; the working platforms on two sides of the upper rack are respectively provided with two layers, the working platforms on two sides of the lower rack are respectively provided with one layer, the number of the layers of the working platforms is consistent with the number of the working arms, and the working platforms are both positioned below the working arms; the working platform is provided with a telescopic platform through the transverse moving oil cylinder connection, the telescopic platform 22 is driven by the transverse moving oil cylinder 23 to move transversely along one side of the working platform, which is far away from the rack, the telescopic platform is located at the front end of the working platform, the integral longitudinal moving distance of the working platform is 0-4 m in the embodiment, the telescopic platform is provided with 4m, and the transverse moving distance is 0-4 m, so that the powder filling operation of different tunnel construction methods is met. The rear end of the working platform is provided with a frame ladder 24, so that constructors can get on and off the trolley conveniently.
The arch installing unit comprises an arch installing vehicle 61, an arch transport vehicle 63, a cantilever crane 65, a second longitudinal moving mechanism 62, a third longitudinal moving mechanism 64, a mechanical arm 66 and an arch support rod 67 which are used for pre-assembling a plurality of arch tops, wherein the mechanical arm and the arch support rod are both installed and fixed on the telescopic platforms of the working platforms on the two sides of the upper rack and are both positioned at the front ends of the telescopic platforms, the arch support rod is positioned on the upper telescopic platform, and the mechanical arm is positioned on the lower working platform. The manipulator has three degrees of freedom, can realize the side and encircle snatch, lift etc. supplementary installation action, can replace the manual work to realize the side and encircle and the work such as hole, adjustment of top arch, effectively use manpower sparingly, improve work efficiency. The arch support rod is connected with an inclined support rod 68 through a pin shaft, the pin shaft is installed when the arch is installed, the arch support rod is erected, the pin shaft is pulled out after the arch is installed, the arch support rod is laid flat, workers can conveniently pass through and operate, and the arch support rod is used for supporting the top arch when the top arch is connected with the side arch in a hole-to-hole mode. The cantilever crane 65 is arranged at the rear end of the upper rack and is used for hoisting a crown arch, and in the embodiment, the cantilever crane is provided with a 1t electric hoist. The installation position of the arch installation unit on the upper rack and the working platform is shown in figure 1, and the structure of the cantilever crane, the manipulator and the arch support rod is shown in figure 12.
The second longitudinal moving mechanism and the third longitudinal moving mechanism are both arranged on the upper rack and are arranged in parallel with the first longitudinal moving mechanism, the third longitudinal moving mechanism is positioned on the outer side of the upper rack, the second longitudinal moving mechanism is positioned on the inner side of the upper rack, the left end and the right end of the arch truss installation vehicle are both arranged on the second longitudinal moving mechanism and longitudinally move through the second longitudinal moving mechanism, the arch truss transport vehicle is arranged on the third longitudinal moving mechanism and longitudinally moves through the third longitudinal moving mechanism, in the embodiment, the third longitudinal moving mechanism 64 comprises an I-shaped transport vehicle track 641, a transport vehicle support 642 straddling the transport vehicle track, transport vehicle wheels arranged at the bottom of the transport vehicle support, a fixedly connected third traveling motor and a motor output shaft gear which are positioned on the working arm support, and a third gear fixedly connected with the transport vehicle traveling wheels, the transport vehicle support is fixedly connected with the arch truss transport vehicle, the motor output shaft gear is meshed with the third gear, the third hydraulic motor drives the motor output shaft gear and the third gear to transmit and drive the arch frame transport vehicle to integrally and longitudinally move, the transport vehicle track is connected to the upper rack, and the length of the transport vehicle track is consistent with that of the upper rack. The arch transport vehicle 63 comprises a column 631 of a telescopic structure and an arch clamping device 632 connected to the top of the column, wherein the height of the column is adjusted by a lift cylinder. The cantilever crane places the lifted top arch on the arch frame transport vehicle, and after the arch frame transport vehicle longitudinally moves to the corresponding position of the arch frame installation vehicle, the height of the arch frame transport vehicle is adjusted to be low, so that the top arch is placed on the arch frame installation vehicle, and the structures of the arch frame transport vehicle and the third longitudinal movement mechanism are shown in fig. 13.
The second is indulged and is moved mechanism 62 and indulge for dual and move the structure, can realize that slide rail and bow member installation car are whole to move on last rack, can also realize that the bow member installation car moves on the slide rail. The second longitudinal moving mechanism comprises a fixed rail 621 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper rack, a slide rail 622, a second supporting wheel 623, a second supporting rail 624, a second pulley 625 arranged on two sides of the slide rail and close to the rear end of the trolley, a second rack 626 connected to the bottom of the slide rail, and a second hydraulic motor 627 and a second gear 628 fixedly connected to the upper support, wherein the fixed rail is of a groove structure assembled by two steel rails with cross sections in a [ -shape, the second gear is meshed with the second rack, and is driven by the second hydraulic motor to drive the gear rack to move on the fixed rail; an arch installing vehicle rail 629 is arranged at the top of the slide rail, the arch installing vehicle is installed on the arch installing vehicle rail and moves longitudinally along the slide rail, the length of the slide rail and the length of the arch installing vehicle rail are consistent with the length of the upper rack, and the connecting structure of the slide rail and other components in the second longitudinal movement mechanism is shown in fig. 14 and 15.
The arch installing vehicle 61 comprises an overall arched frame 611, an arch jacking assembly 612 and an installing vehicle longitudinal movement assembly 613, the frame comprises a rectangular top frame 6111 positioned at the top, a semi-arched support frame 6112 connected with four corners of the top frame and a longitudinal frame 6113 connected between two parallel support frames, the three are connected into an integral structure, the arch jacking assemblies are distributed on the top frame in a matrix mode, the arch jacking assemblies distributed along the support frame direction are in a group, the arch jacking assemblies are provided with more than three groups, three groups of arch jacking assemblies are arranged in the embodiment, and assembly and overall erection of three arch frames at the top can be achieved. The two sides of the top frame, which are perpendicular to the supporting frame, are connected with an expansion joint 614 through expansion oil cylinders, the expansion joint is provided with more than one group of arch frame jacking assemblies, and the distance between the arch frame jacking assemblies on the expansion joint and the arch frame jacking assemblies on the top frame is adjusted through the expansion oil cylinders; in the embodiment, the telescopic joints at two sides are respectively provided with a group of arch frame jacking assemblies, and the arch frame jacking assemblies positioned in the middle of the top frame are used for mounting three arch frames, so that the distance between every two arch frames is adjusted to be 0.6-1.2 m, and the requirements of erecting frames under different working conditions are met. The support frame is of a telescopic structure, and the height of the support frame is adjusted through a lifting oil cylinder B615 connected between the longitudinal frame and the longitudinal moving frame. The arch frame jacking assembly comprises a jacking oil cylinder 6121 and a groove-shaped jacking part 6122 connected to the top of the jacking oil cylinder, the height of the jacking part is adjusted through the jacking oil cylinder, the mounting vehicle longitudinal movement assembly comprises a longitudinal movement frame 6131 connected to the bottoms of the two parallel support frames and arranged along the direction of the trolley, a mounting vehicle travelling wheel 6132 installed at the bottom of the longitudinal movement frame, a sixth hydraulic motor 6133 and a motor output shaft gear which are fixedly connected to the side face of the longitudinal movement frame, and a sixth gear fixedly connected to the mounting vehicle travelling wheel, the mounting vehicle travelling wheel straddles on the second longitudinal movement mechanism, the motor output shaft gear is meshed with the sixth gear, the sixth hydraulic motor drives the motor output shaft gear and the sixth gear to transmit and drive the integral longitudinal movement of the arch frame mounting vehicle, and the structure of the arch frame mounting vehicle is shown in fig. 16.
The running mechanism 4 is of a tire type or crawler type structure, the running mechanism is of a tire type structure in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 17, the running mechanism comprises a steering assembly 401, a suspension assembly 402, tires 403, a driving motor 404 and an axle 405, the steering assembly can realize functions of longitudinal movement, transverse movement, steering and the like of the whole trolley through a driving motor slewing bearing, and the suspension assembly is automatically adjusted through a suspension oil cylinder, so that the tire stress balance is ensured, and the trolley is suitable for uneven road surfaces. In addition, the crawler-type structure can be selected and matched according to needs, and the crawler-type walking mechanism is stronger in load bearing capacity and climbing capacity. The supporting mechanism 5 comprises a connecting seat 501, a supporting cylinder 502 and a supporting seat 503, the trolley supports the ground and stabilizes the trolley during operation, and the structure of the supporting seat in this embodiment is shown in fig. 18.
The construction process of the full section method based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific construction steps:
(1) carrying out measurement lofting on the tunnel to be constructed and determining a trolley station, as shown in fig. 20;
(2) the trolley moves to the front of the tunnel face through the walking mechanism and stands through the supporting mechanism, then all the working arms move longitudinally and extend out of the first longitudinal moving mechanism, the working arms are provided with the rock drill assembly and plan a design drawing according to drilling parameters led into a vehicle-mounted computer in advance to carry out drilling operation on the tunnel face, and the drilling operation is shown in figure 21;
(3) after the drilling operation of the tunnel face is finished, the trolley retracts all the working arms and moves to the front of the tunnel face, a worker climbs the trolley to carry out charging and wiring operation, after the charging and wiring operation is finished, the trolley retracts the supporting mechanism, moves to a safe position through the walking mechanism and then carries out blasting, and the blasting operation is shown in figures 22 and 23;
(4) after blasting, deslagging is carried out, a deslagging vehicle enters an excavation surface from the lower part of a lower platform and deslagging is carried out, top arch pre-assembly operation is carried out simultaneously, three top arch pieces are spliced on the ground by workers in advance by using bolts to form a top arch, a cantilever crane lifts one spliced top arch and places the top arch on an arch transport vehicle, the arch transport vehicle moves to an arch installation vehicle through a third longitudinal moving mechanism, a lifting oil cylinder on the arch transport vehicle contracts downwards to enable the top arch to be clamped with a jacking piece on an arch jacking component, stress of the top arch is transferred to the jacking piece from the arch transport vehicle, after transferring is finished, the arch transport vehicle retreats to the cantilever crane, the next top arch is transported by being matched with the cantilever crane continuously, and the step is repeated until the three top arches are placed on the arch installation vehicle, as shown in fig. 24;
(5) after deslagging is finished, pre-assembling three top arches, moving a trolley to an arch mounting position through a walking mechanism and standing through a supporting mechanism, splicing two side arch pieces on the ground by using bolts by workers in advance, replacing working accessories of a working arm on an upper rack with a grabbing and lifting hand assembly, hoisting the three spliced side arches to a side wall through the working arm, supporting the three top arches to move to the arch mounting position through a second longitudinal moving mechanism by the arch mounting trolley, operating a mechanical hand on a working platform to adjust the side arches to enable the side arches to correspond to the top arch to form an arch after positioning of the top arches, and connecting the top arch with the side arches and welding mesh sheets on the top arches through a frame ladder and the trolley by the workers, wherein the working platform is erected with the trolley, and the mesh sheets on the top arches are welded as shown in fig. 25;
(6) after the welding of the steel mesh sheets is completed, the trolley retreats to the anchor rod construction position, the working attachments of the working arm on the upper rack and the working arm below the lower rack are replaced by the working attachments of the rock drill assembly which extends out to drill an anchor rod hole, and the foot locking anchor rod and the radial anchor rod construction are completed by matching with workers, as shown in fig. 26;
(7) after the construction of the foot locking anchor rod and the radial anchor rod is completed, the working attachment of the working arm above the lower rack is replaced, the rock drill assembly is detached, the wet spraying machine assembly is installed and connected with the wet spraying material supply system for wet spraying operation, and after the wet spraying operation is completed, one working cycle of the full-section construction is completed, as shown in fig. 27.

Claims (6)

1. A full-section construction process based on a tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the integrated trolley for tunnel excavation and support comprises a trolley body, an electric hydraulic system, a working arm, a traveling mechanism, a supporting mechanism and an arch mounting unit, wherein the electric hydraulic system is positioned on the trolley body and used for providing operation power for all components on the trolley, the working arm is used for tunnel excavation and support construction, the traveling mechanism and the supporting mechanism are connected to the bottom of the trolley body, the arch mounting unit is connected to the bottom of the trolley body, the trolley body comprises a rack and two working platforms, the two working platforms are connected to two sides of the rack in a hanging mode, and the two racks are an upper rack and a lower rack respectively;
the working arm is arranged on the rack and is connected with the rack through a first longitudinal moving mechanism, and the working arm is driven by the first longitudinal moving mechanism to move longitudinally along the rack; the head of the working arm is connected with different working accessories for drilling, wet blasting, milling and digging and arch erection processes in tunnel construction through a quick-change connector, and the working accessories comprise a rock drill assembly, a wet blasting machine assembly, a planing and milling machine assembly and a crane assembly;
the arch mounting unit comprises an arch mounting vehicle, an arch transport vehicle, a cantilever crane, a second longitudinal moving mechanism, a third longitudinal moving mechanism, a mechanical arm and an arch support rod, wherein the arch mounting vehicle, the arch transport vehicle, the cantilever crane, the second longitudinal moving mechanism, the third longitudinal moving mechanism, the mechanical arm and the arch support rod are used for pre-assembling a plurality of arch roofs, the mechanical arm and the arch support rod are both mounted and fixed on telescopic platforms of working platforms on two sides of an upper rack and are both positioned at the front end of the telescopic platforms, the arch support rod is positioned on the upper telescopic platform, and the mechanical arm is positioned on a lower working platform; the arch frame mounting vehicle comprises an integrally arched frame, arch frame jacking components and a mounting vehicle longitudinal moving component, wherein the frame comprises a rectangular top frame positioned at the top, semi-arched support frames connected with four corners of the top frame and a longitudinal frame connected between two parallel support frames, the rectangular top frame, the semi-arched support frames and the longitudinal frame are connected into an integrated structure, the arch frame jacking components are distributed on the top frame in a matrix manner, the arch frame jacking components distributed along the direction of the support frames form a group, the arch frame jacking components are provided with three groups, and the assembly and integral erection of three arch frames at the top can be realized;
the full-section construction process comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring and lofting the tunnel and determining a station position of the trolley;
(2) after the trolley stands, the working arm is provided with a rock drill assembly to drill the tunnel face;
(3) after the drilling operation is finished, the trolley retracts the working arm and moves to the front of a tunnel face, a worker climbs the trolley to finish charging and connecting operation, and the trolley moves to a safe position after the operation is finished to perform blasting;
(4) after blasting, deslagging is carried out, simultaneously carrying out top arch preassembling operation on the slag, hoisting a top arch by a cantilever and placing the top arch on an arch transport vehicle, carrying the top arch by the arch transport vehicle to the upper side of an arch mounting vehicle through a third longitudinal moving mechanism, contracting the arch transport vehicle downwards to place the top arch on an arch jacking assembly on the arch mounting vehicle, moving the arch transport vehicle backwards, and circulating the operation until the top arch preassembling is completed; the number of the top arches is 3, wherein each top arch is spliced by 3 top arch pieces through bolts;
(5) after deslagging is finished, pre-assembling the top arch, moving the trolley to an arch mounting position, replacing a working accessory of the working arm with a grabbing and lifting hand assembly, hoisting the side arch to a side wall, moving the arch mounting trolley to the arch mounting position through a second longitudinal moving mechanism, adjusting the side arch through a mechanical arm to enable the side arch to correspond to the top arch in position, and connecting the side arch with the top arch;
(6) after the side arch frame and the top arch frame are connected, welding a steel bar net piece, retreating the welded trolley to an anchor rod construction position, replacing a working accessory of a working arm with a rock drill assembly, extending out to drill an anchor rod hole, and completing construction of a foot locking anchor rod and a radial anchor rod;
(7) after the construction of the locking pin anchor rod and the radial anchor rod is completed, the working arm is provided with the wet spraying machine assembly and is connected with the wet spraying material supply system to perform wet spraying operation, and after the wet spraying operation is completed, one working cycle is completed.
2. The full-section construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trolley is moved through the walking mechanism in the whole construction process and stands through the supporting mechanism.
3. The full-section construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) the trolley in the step (2) plans the design drawing to carry out drilling operation according to the drilling parameters which are pre-imported into the vehicle-mounted computer.
4. The full-section construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (5) in the step (4), the slag discharging vehicle enters the tunnel face from the lower part of the lower rack and discharges slag.
5. The full-section construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) the arch frame transport vehicle contracts downwards through the lifting oil cylinder to place the top arch frame on the arch frame installation vehicle.
6. The full-section construction process based on the tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (5) splicing the top arch and the side arch by a worker climbing up the working platform.
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JPH11190192A (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-07-13 Kajima Corp Tunnel boring method and tunnel liner
CN207420596U (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-05-29 中交第一公路工程局有限公司 Tunnel bow member preassembling trolley
CN108150177A (en) * 2017-12-18 2018-06-12 中国矿业大学 Multi-functional hard-rock tunnel fast digging technique and equipment
CN111058881A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-04-24 涪特智能装备(重庆)有限公司 Tunnel construction trolley with convertible construction modes and construction method
CN111119733A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-08 涪特智能装备(重庆)有限公司 Tunnel comprehensive construction trolley and construction method
CN111997622A (en) * 2020-08-17 2020-11-27 中铁十九局集团第二工程有限公司 Tunnel IV-grade and V-grade weak surrounding rock full-section and micro-step mechanized matching construction method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11190192A (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-07-13 Kajima Corp Tunnel boring method and tunnel liner
CN207420596U (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-05-29 中交第一公路工程局有限公司 Tunnel bow member preassembling trolley
CN108150177A (en) * 2017-12-18 2018-06-12 中国矿业大学 Multi-functional hard-rock tunnel fast digging technique and equipment
CN111058881A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-04-24 涪特智能装备(重庆)有限公司 Tunnel construction trolley with convertible construction modes and construction method
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