CN113519267B - Hand self-propelled small-size capsicum harvester - Google Patents
Hand self-propelled small-size capsicum harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN113519267B CN113519267B CN202110785500.0A CN202110785500A CN113519267B CN 113519267 B CN113519267 B CN 113519267B CN 202110785500 A CN202110785500 A CN 202110785500A CN 113519267 B CN113519267 B CN 113519267B
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- picking
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- spiral
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
- A01D46/22—Baskets or bags attachable to the picker
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D69/00—Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
- A01D69/06—Gearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
- F16H1/22—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H1/222—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with non-parallel axes
Abstract
The invention provides a hand-held self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester which comprises a picking unit, a collecting and discharging unit, a transmission unit and a chassis walking unit, wherein the picking unit is arranged on the chassis walking unit; the picking unit is arranged in front of the chassis walking unit, the collecting and discharging unit is arranged on the chassis walking unit and is positioned behind the picking unit, and the transmission unit is arranged on the chassis walking unit and is connected with the picking unit to drive the picking unit to pick. The invention can directly harvest the peppers in the field, greatly saves manpower and material resources, has reasonable structure, is convenient and practical, has high clean rate and good picking effect in the actual working process, is particularly suitable for the pepper harvesting operation in small-area planting areas, effectively improves the labor efficiency and reduces the pepper harvesting cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a hand-held self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester which can realize one-time harvesting of single-row peppers.
Background
The capsicum contains rich nutritive value, is not only an important vegetable, but also an important industrial raw material, and is widely applied to the industries of chemical engineering, pharmacy and the like. Traditional chilli harvesting operation relies on manual picking, and is high in labor intensity and low in working efficiency, and severely restricts the development of the chilli industry. Up to now, a plurality of large-scale pepper harvesting machines have been successfully developed at home and abroad, and are only suitable for the pepper harvesting operation of large farms or large fields with the area of more than 1 hectare. In view of the fact that provincial terrains such as Jiangsu, henan, hubei, yunnan and Guizhou are mainly hills, mountains and plain, and pepper planting is mainly performed on small fields or greenhouses, the pepper planting area is mainly smaller than 1 hectare, and a large-scale pepper harvester obviously cannot meet the working requirements. Therefore, developing a small capsicum harvesting machine suitable for field or greenhouse operation has become a highly desirable problem. The hand-held self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester can be well suitable for the agronomic features of pepper planting in eastern areas of China, and can harvest peppers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a hand-held self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester which integrates picking, collecting and discharging, and has the advantages of high operation efficiency, high net collection rate, good harvesting quality, economy and practicability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a hand-held self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester comprises a picking unit, a collecting and discharging unit, a transmission unit and a chassis walking unit;
the picking unit is arranged in front of the chassis walking unit, the collecting and discharging unit is arranged on the chassis walking unit and is positioned behind the picking unit, and the transmission unit is arranged on the chassis walking unit and is connected with the picking unit to drive the picking unit to pick.
In the scheme, the picking unit comprises a picking frame, a picking screw fixing frame and a divider;
the picking frame comprises a picking compression bar height adjuster, a picking compression bar and a picking frame rack; a picking pressure lever height adjuster is arranged on the picking frame, and a picking pressure lever is arranged on the picking pressure lever height adjuster; the front end of the picking screw is connected with the picking screw fixing frame and is arranged on the frame of the chassis walking unit; in front of the picking screw, a pair of crop dividers which are arranged in a horn shape are arranged, and the crop dividers are arranged at the front end of the frame of the chassis walking unit and on the picking frame.
Further, the frame periphery of the picking frame is coated with a plastic film.
Furthermore, the height adjuster of the picking compression bar is provided with a plurality of height gradient holes for adjusting the installation height of the picking compression bar, so that the peppers at the high position are pressed down and smoothly enter the middle of the high-speed rotary picking spiral to be picked.
In the scheme, the material collecting and discharging unit comprises a material box and a material box front baffle plate; the bin is located the rear of picking unit, and a pair of bin front baffle has been installed to the symmetry slope in the frame of picking unit front lower chassis walking unit, the bin front baffle is used for stopping the splashing of low hot pepper to drop, makes the hot pepper roll back to the bin along the inclined plane of bin front baffle.
In the scheme, the transmission unit comprises a flywheel, a belt transmission mechanism and a secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box; the engine output shaft of the chassis walking unit is connected with the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box through a belt transmission mechanism; the flywheel is mounted on the engine output shaft.
In the scheme, the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box comprises a small bevel gear, a large bevel gear, a left spiral meshing gear, a right spiral meshing gear, a left picking spiral shaft, a reduction box output shaft and a reduction box intermediate shaft; the power of the input shaft of the reduction gearbox is firstly transmitted to the intermediate shaft of the reduction gearbox after first-stage reduction and reversing by the engagement of the small bevel gear and the large bevel gear, the engagement of the small bevel gear on the intermediate shaft of the reduction gearbox and the large bevel gear on the output shaft of the reduction gearbox forms second-stage reduction, then the power is transmitted to the right spiral engagement gear on the output shaft of the reduction gearbox, and the left picking spiral shaft and the picking spiral connected on the output shaft of the reduction gearbox acquire opposite rotation speeds through the synchronous engagement of the right spiral engagement gear and the left spiral engagement gear.
In the scheme, the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box comprises a small bevel gear, a large bevel gear, a left spiral meshing gear, a right spiral meshing gear, a left picking spiral shaft, a reduction box output shaft and a reduction box intermediate shaft; the power of the input shaft of the reduction gearbox is firstly transmitted to the big bevel gear on the middle shaft of the reduction gearbox through the small bevel gear, so that the small bevel gear on the middle shaft of the reduction gearbox drives the big bevel gear, the left spiral meshing gear and the right spiral meshing gear on the output shaft of the reduction gearbox are synchronously meshed, and the left picking spiral shaft and the picking spiral connected to the output shaft of the reduction gearbox obtain opposite rotation speeds.
In the scheme, the chassis walking unit comprises a rear wheel of the pepper harvester, an engine, a hand handle, a frame height regulator, a front guide wheel and a frame; the engine drives the rear wheel of the pepper harvester to walk, the hand handle is arranged above the engine, the front guide wheel is arranged at the front part of the frame through the frame height adjuster, and the height between the frame and the ground is adjusted through the frame height adjuster.
In the scheme, the picking screw comprises a left picking screw and a right picking screw which are arranged in pairs; two spiral lines distributed at 180 degrees are wound on the spiral shafts of the left picking spiral and the right picking spiral in a seamless way.
In the scheme, the transmission unit comprises a hydraulic motor and a secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box; the hydraulic motor is connected with the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box to drive the picking screw to rotate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can directly harvest the peppers in the field, greatly saves manpower and material resources, has reasonable structure, is convenient and practical, has high clean rate and good picking effect in the actual working process, is particularly suitable for the pepper harvesting operation in small-area planting areas, effectively improves the labor efficiency and reduces the pepper harvesting cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a walking self-propelled small capsicum harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a walking self-propelled small capsicum harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of a walking self-propelled small capsicum harvester according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a walking self-propelled small capsicum harvester according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a sectional structure of a two-stage conical cylindrical gear reducer in A-A direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage conical cylindrical gear reduction box according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a picking helix in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-picking unit, 101-picking rack, 1011-picking pressure lever height adjuster, 1012-picking pressure lever, 1013-picking rack frame, 102-picking screw, 1021-left picking screw, 1022-right picking screw, 10211-screw shaft, 10212-screw shaft, 103-picking screw fixing frame, 104-divider, 2-collection unloading unit, 201-bin, 2011-left bin, 2012-right bin, 202 bin front baffle, 203-bin handle, 3-transmission unit, 301-flywheel, 302-belt transmission mechanism, 3021-reduction box input shaft, 303-secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box, 3031-small bevel gear, 3032-large bevel gear, 3033-small bevel gear, 3034-large bevel gear, 3035-left screw meshing gear, 3036-right screw meshing gear, 3037-left picking screw shaft, 3038-reduction box output shaft, 3039-reduction box intermediate shaft, 4-chassis walking unit, 401-pepper harvester rear wheel, 402-engine, 403-hand handle, 404-frame height adjuster, 405-front frame guide, 406-front frame.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Fig. 1 and 2 show a preferred embodiment of the hand-held self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester according to the present invention, which comprises a picking unit 1, a collecting and discharging unit 2, a transmission unit 3 and a chassis walking unit 4; the picking unit 1 is arranged in front of the chassis walking unit 4, the collecting and discharging unit 2 is arranged on the chassis walking unit 4 and is positioned behind the picking unit 1, and the transmission unit 3 is arranged on the chassis walking unit 4 and is connected with the picking unit 1 to drive the picking unit 1 to pick.
As shown in fig. 3, the picking unit 1 comprises a picking frame 101, a picking screw 102, a picking screw fixing frame 103 and a crop divider 104; the picking frame 101 comprises a picking compression bar height adjuster 1011, a picking compression bar 1012 and a picking frame 1013; the picking frame 1013 is formed by welding square steel and is welded and fixed on the frame 406, the picking press lever height adjuster 1011 is arranged on the picking frame 1013, and the picking press lever 1012 is arranged on the picking press lever height adjuster 1011; the front end of the picking screw 102 is connected with the picking screw fixing frame 103 and is arranged on a rack 406 of the chassis walking unit 4; in front of the picking screw 102, a pair of outwardly flared crop dividers 104 are arranged, and the bottom and top ends of the crop dividers 104 are respectively welded to the front end of the frame 406 of the chassis walking unit 4 and the picking frame 1013 by square steel. The plastic film is coated on the periphery of the frame of the picking frame 101, so that splashing, falling and loss of peppers at the high position in the picking process can be effectively limited. The height adjuster 1011 of the picking compression bar is provided with a plurality of height gradient holes for adjusting the installation height of the picking compression bar 1012, so that the high-altitude peppers are pressed down and smoothly enter the middle of the high-speed rotary picking screw 102 to be picked.
As shown in fig. 4 and 7, the picking screw 102 includes a left picking screw 1021 and a right picking screw 1022 arranged in a double-screw pair; two 180-degree distributed spiral lines 10212 are seamlessly wound on the spiral shaft 10211 of the left picking spiral 1021 and the right picking spiral 1022, the picking spiral 102 is suitable for picking single-row peppers, the picking spirals 102 are arranged in pairs, in the traveling process of the hand-held self-propelled small capsicum harvester, capsicum on one row enters a gap between a pair of picking screws 102 and is picked under the actions of friction, brushing and beating of the rotating picking screws 102.
The collecting and discharging unit 2 comprises a bin 201, a bin front baffle 202 and a bin handle 203; the bin 201 is located at the rear of the picking unit 1, a pair of bin front baffles 202 are symmetrically and obliquely installed on a rack 406 of the chassis walking unit 4 at the front lower part of the picking frame 101 of the picking unit 1, and the obliquely installed bin front baffles 202 are used for effectively blocking splashing and dropping of low peppers, so that peppers fall back to the bin 201 along the inclined plane of the bin front baffles 202.
Preferably, under the picking screw 102, left and right bins 2011 and 2012 are symmetrically arranged left and right, and two bins 201 are installed at the bottom position of the rack 406; the bin handle 203 is arranged on the bin 201, so that the bin 201 is conveniently taken out from the left side and the right side for discharging.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a sectional structure of a two-stage conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303A-A, which reduces the power reduced by the pulley transmission mechanism by two stages of gear reduction. As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the transmission unit 3 includes a flywheel 301, a belt transmission mechanism 302, and a secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303; the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303 is positioned at the upper part of the picking unit 1, and an output shaft of an engine 402 of the chassis walking unit 4 is connected with the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303 through a belt transmission mechanism 302; the flywheel 301 is mounted on the output shaft of the engine 402; the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303 comprises a small bevel gear 3031, a large bevel gear 3032, a small bevel gear 3033, a large bevel gear 3034, a left spiral meshing gear 3035, a right spiral meshing gear 3036, a left picking spiral shaft 3037, a reduction box output shaft 3038 and a reduction box intermediate shaft 3039; the power of the input shaft 3021 of the gearbox is firstly transmitted to the intermediate shaft 3039 of the gearbox after first-stage speed reduction and reversing by meshing the small bevel gear 3031 with the large bevel gear 3032, the meshing of the small bevel gear 3033 on the intermediate shaft 3039 of the gearbox and the large bevel gear 3034 on the output shaft 3038 of the gearbox forms second-stage speed reduction, and then the power is transmitted to the right spiral meshing gear 3036 on the output shaft 3038 of the gearbox, and the left picking spiral shaft 3037 and the picking spiral 102 connected to the output shaft 3038 of the gearbox obtain opposite rotation speeds by synchronous meshing of the right spiral meshing gear 3036 and the left spiral meshing gear 3035.
Preferably, a second-stage conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303 is mounted at the tail of the stand 406 through bolts, and a part of power of the engine 402 at the tail end of the stand 406 is transmitted to the picking screw 102 after being reduced through the belt transmission mechanism 302 and the second-stage conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303, so that the picking screw 102 obtains a working rotation speed of 500-700 revolutions per minute, and further, the capsicum picking is completed. The flywheel 301 is fixedly arranged on the belt transmission mechanism 302 through bolts, so that the belt transmission mechanism can play a role in stabilizing and regulating speed; the other part of power of the engine 402 is transmitted to the rear wheel 401 of the pepper harvester after being decelerated, and preferably, the pepper harvester keeps a working running speed of about 0.3m/s, so that reasonable pepper picking is ensured.
The chassis walking unit 4 comprises a rear wheel 401 of the pepper harvester, an engine 402, a hand handle 403, a frame height adjuster 404, a front guide wheel 405 and a frame 406; the engine 402 drives the rear wheel 401 of the pepper harvester to walk, the hand handle 403 is arranged above the engine 402, the frame 406 is formed by welding square steel, channel steel or round steel, the front guide wheel 405 can rotate by 360 degrees and is arranged at the front part of the frame 406 through the frame height adjuster 404, the height between the frame 406 and the ground is adjusted through the frame height adjuster 404, the installation inclination angle and the lowest picking height of the picking screw 102 are changed, the picking parameters can be reasonably adjusted according to peppers with different heights to obtain the optimal picking effect, the good picking rate is finally ensured, and the impurity content is reduced. Preferably, the engine 402 is a diesel engine.
The invention can directly harvest the peppers in the field, can harvest single-row peppers at one time, greatly saves manpower and material resources, has compact and reasonable structure, is convenient and practical, has high harvest rate and good picking effect in the actual working process, is particularly suitable for small-field operation in small-surface planting areas, effectively improves labor efficiency and reduces the harvesting cost of peppers.
The working process of the hand-held self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester is as follows: when the pepper picking operation is performed, the whole machine is mainly driven and walked by the power of the engine 402 on the frame 406. On the one hand, a part of power of the engine 402 drives the rear wheel 401 of the pepper harvester to rotate through an internal speed reducer, so that the pepper harvester can obtain a slower and stable working running speed. An operator can adjust the advancing direction of the pepper harvester by controlling the hand grip 403 at the tail of the pepper harvester, ensuring that the machine advances straight. On the other hand, the other part of the power of the engine 402 is transmitted to the front picking screw 102 after being decelerated by the pulley transmission mechanism 302 by the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303, so that the pair of picking screws 102 which are arranged in an inclined manner obtain rotation speeds in opposite directions, for example, the left picking screw 1021 rotates counterclockwise, and the right picking screw 1022 rotates clockwise. As the pepper harvester advances, a row of peppers is continuously fed through the front pair of hopper-shaped dividers 104 between the left 1021 and right 1022 picking screws. The pepper fruits on the pepper plants are successfully picked and fall into the left bin 2011 and the right bin 2012 which are symmetrically distributed on two sides under the actions of friction, brushing and beating of the picking screw 102 rotating at high speed. The picking frame 101 is arranged above the picking screw, the picking frame 101 is provided with the picking compression bar 1012 with adjustable height, and the pepper fruit at the higher position of the pepper plant can be pressed down by the picking compression bar 1012, so that the pepper fruit can enter the middle of the picking screw 102, and the picking without missing picking is ensured. In addition, the front guide wheel 405 of the pepper harvester is also provided with a frame height adjuster 404, so that the height between the frame 406 and the ground can be adjusted, and the installation inclination angle of the picking screw 102 and the lowest picking height, which is the acute angle between the picking screw 102 and the ground, can be changed, and the lowest picking height is the height of the picking screw 102, which can successfully pick the peppers to the lowest position. When the peppers with different heights are picked, the optimal picking effect is obtained by reasonably adjusting the picking parameters, so that the good picking rate is finally ensured, and the impurity content is reduced.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 6, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the hand-held self-propelled small capsicum harvester is that two bevel gears are meshed to be put into the second stage of reduction, two bevel gears are meshed to be put into the first stage of reduction, and a left spiral meshing gear is arranged on the output shaft of the reduction gearbox where the big bevel gear is located after the change, so that the left spiral meshing gear is synchronously meshed with the right spiral meshing gear, and the same picking spiral rotating effect as that of embodiment 1 is achieved. Specifically, the transmission unit 3 includes a flywheel 301, a belt transmission mechanism 302, and a secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303; the output shaft of the engine 402 of the disc running unit 4 is connected with the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303 through the belt transmission mechanism 302; the flywheel 301 is mounted on the output shaft of the engine 402; the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303 comprises a small bevel gear 3031, a large bevel gear 3032, a small bevel gear 3033, a large bevel gear 3034, a left spiral meshing gear 3035, a right spiral meshing gear 3036, a left picking spiral shaft 3037, a reduction box output shaft 3038 and a reduction box intermediate shaft 3039; the power of the gearbox input shaft 3021 is firstly transmitted to the large bevel gear 3034 on the gearbox intermediate shaft 3039 through the small bevel gear 3033, so that the small bevel gear 3031 on the gearbox intermediate shaft 3039 drives the large bevel gear 3032, the left spiral meshing gear 3035 and the right spiral meshing gear 3036 on the gearbox output shaft 3038 are synchronously meshed, and the left picking spiral shaft 3037 and the picking spiral 102 connected to the gearbox output shaft 3038 obtain opposite rotation speeds. The present embodiment rearranges the reduction gear inside the two-stage conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303 of embodiment 1, puts the meshing of a pair of bevel gears to the second stage reduction, and the meshing of a pair of bevel gears to the first stage reduction, and arranges the left-handed meshing gear 3035 on the reduction box output shaft 3038 on which the large bevel gear 3032 is located after the change, thereby further meshing with the right-handed meshing gear 3036 in synchronization, and achieves the same picking screw rotation effect as embodiment 1.
Example 3
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the transmission unit 3 includes a hydraulic motor and a secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303; the hydraulic motor is connected with a secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box 303 to drive the picking screw 102 to rotate. Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment is easier to adjust the rotating speed of the picking spiral, and is beneficial to improving the picking efficiency. But adds extra weight to the whole machine, improves the production cost and is unfavorable for the operation of operators.
It should be understood that although the present disclosure has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate technical solution, and this description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should consider the disclosure as a whole, and the technical solutions in the various embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The working method of the hand self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester comprises a picking unit, a collecting and discharging unit, a transmission unit and a chassis walking unit; the picking unit is arranged in front of the chassis walking unit, the collecting and discharging unit is arranged on the chassis walking unit and is positioned behind the picking unit, and the transmission unit is arranged on the chassis walking unit and is connected with the picking unit to drive the picking unit to pick;
the picking unit comprises a picking frame, a picking screw fixing frame and a crop divider; the picking frame comprises a picking compression bar height adjuster, a picking compression bar and a picking frame rack; the picking frame is formed by welding square steel and is welded and fixed on the frame, a picking press rod height adjuster is arranged on the picking frame, and a picking press rod is arranged on the picking press rod height adjuster; the front end of the picking screw is connected with the picking screw fixing frame and is arranged on the frame of the chassis walking unit; a pair of outwardly flared grain dividers are arranged in front of the picking screw, and the bottom ends and the top ends of the grain dividers are respectively welded on the front end of the frame of the chassis walking unit and the picking frame by square steel; the plastic film is coated on the periphery of the frame of the picking frame, so that splashing, dropping and loss of peppers at the high position in the picking process can be effectively limited; the height adjuster of the picking compression bar is provided with a plurality of height gradient holes for adjusting the installation height of the picking compression bar, so that the peppers at the high position are pressed down and smoothly enter the middle of the high-speed rotary picking spiral to be picked;
the picking spirals comprise a left picking spiral and a right picking spiral which are arranged in pairs; two 180-degree spiral lines are seamlessly wound on the spiral shafts of the left picking spiral and the right picking spiral, and the picking spiral lines are suitable for picking single-row peppers, are arranged in pairs in double spirals, and in the travelling process of a hand-held self-propelled small-sized pepper harvester, peppers on one row enter a gap between a pair of picking spirals and are picked under the friction, brushing and beating actions of the rotating picking spirals;
the collecting and discharging unit comprises a feed box, a feed box front baffle plate and a feed box handle; the bin is positioned at the rear of the picking unit, a pair of bin front baffles are symmetrically and obliquely arranged on the frame of the chassis walking unit at the front lower part of the picking frame of the picking unit, and the obliquely arranged bin front baffles are used for effectively blocking splashing and dropping of the low peppers, so that the peppers roll back to the bin along the inclined plane of the bin front baffles; left and right feed boxes are symmetrically arranged left and right below the picking screw, and the two feed boxes are arranged at the bottom of the frame; the bin handles are arranged on the bin, so that the bin can be conveniently taken out from the left side and the right side for discharging;
the transmission unit comprises a flywheel, a belt transmission mechanism and a secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box; the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box is positioned at the upper part of the picking unit, and an engine output shaft of the chassis walking unit is connected with the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box through a belt transmission mechanism; the flywheel is arranged on an output shaft of the engine; the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box comprises a small bevel gear, a large bevel gear, a left spiral meshing gear, a right spiral meshing gear, a left picking spiral shaft, a reduction box output shaft and a reduction box intermediate shaft; the power of the input shaft of the reduction gearbox is firstly transmitted to the intermediate shaft of the reduction gearbox after first-stage reduction and reversing by the engagement of a small bevel gear and a large bevel gear, the engagement of the small bevel gear on the intermediate shaft of the reduction gearbox and the large bevel gear on the output shaft of the reduction gearbox form second-stage reduction, then the power is transmitted to a right spiral engagement gear on the output shaft of the reduction gearbox, and the left picking spiral shaft and a picking spiral connected to the output shaft of the reduction gearbox acquire opposite rotation speeds through the synchronous engagement of the right spiral engagement gear and the left spiral engagement gear;
the tail of the frame is provided with a secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box through a bolt, and a part of power of an engine on the tail end of the frame is transmitted to a picking screw after being decelerated by a belt transmission mechanism and the secondary conical cylindrical gear reduction box, so that the picking screw obtains a working rotation speed of 500-700 revolutions per minute, and further the capsicum is picked; the belt transmission mechanism is fixedly provided with a flywheel through a bolt, so that the belt transmission mechanism can play a role in stabilizing and regulating speed; the other part of power of the engine is transmitted to the rear wheel of the pepper harvester after being decelerated, so that the pepper harvester can keep the working travelling speed of about 0.3m/s, and reasonable pepper picking is further ensured;
the chassis walking unit comprises a rear wheel of the pepper harvester, an engine, a hand handle, a rack height regulator, a front guide wheel and a rack; the engine drives the rear wheel of the pepper harvester to walk, the hand handle is arranged above the engine, the frame is formed by welding square steel, channel steel or round steel, the front guide wheel can rotate by 360 degrees and is arranged at the front part of the frame through the frame height adjuster, the height between the frame and the ground is adjusted through the frame height adjuster, the installation inclination angle and the lowest picking height of the picking screw are further changed, and picking parameters can be reasonably adjusted according to peppers with different heights to obtain an optimal picking effect;
the method is characterized by comprising the following working processes:
when the chilli picking operation is carried out, the whole machine is mainly driven and walked by the power of an engine on a frame;
on one hand, part of power of the engine drives the rear wheel of the pepper harvester to rotate through an internal speed reducer, so that the pepper harvester can obtain a slower and stable working running speed; an operator can adjust the advancing direction of the pepper harvester by controlling the hand handle at the tail part of the pepper harvester, so that the pepper harvester can advance straightly; on the other hand, the other part of power of the engine is transmitted to the front picking screw after being decelerated by the belt wheel transmission mechanism, so that a pair of picking screws which are obliquely arranged acquire opposite rotating speeds, the left picking screw rotates anticlockwise, and the right picking screw rotates clockwise;
along with the advance of the pepper harvester, a row of peppers are continuously fed into the middle of the left picking screw and the right picking screw through a pair of crop dividers which are arranged in a funnel shape at the front end; the pepper fruit on the pepper plants is successfully picked and falls into a left feed box and a right feed box which are symmetrically distributed on both sides under the friction, brushing and beating actions of a picking screw rotating at high speed; a picking frame is arranged above the picking screw, a picking compression bar with adjustable height is arranged on the picking frame, and the higher capsicum fruit on the capsicum plant can be pressed down by the picking compression bar, so that the capsicum fruit can enter the middle of the picking screw, and the picking is not missed;
in addition, the front guide wheel of the pepper harvester is also provided with a rack height adjuster, so that the height between the rack and the ground can be adjusted, the installation inclination angle of the picking screw and the lowest picking height are changed, the installation inclination angle is an acute angle clamped between the picking screw and the ground, and the lowest picking height is the height of the lowest position on the picking screw, which can be successfully picked to the pepper; when the peppers with different heights are picked, the optimal picking effect is obtained by reasonably adjusting the picking parameters, so that the good picking rate is finally ensured, and the impurity content is reduced.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110785500.0A CN113519267B (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Hand self-propelled small-size capsicum harvester |
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| CN113519267B true CN113519267B (en) | 2023-06-16 |
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| CN114402805B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏大学 | Finger-surface collaborative bionic chilli picking roller and harvester |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1209346A (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1986-08-12 | Robert O. Cosimati | Chili pepper harvester |
| CN102334409A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-02-01 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Pickup conveyer and straw harvester comprising same |
| CN202514310U (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-11-07 | 河北雷肯农业机械有限公司 | Self-propelled pepper harvester |
| CN110431991A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-12 | 贵州省山地农业机械研究所 | A kind of adjustable pepper picking device |
| CN212993121U (en) * | 2020-07-19 | 2021-04-20 | 成都大学 | Small-sized hand-held pepper harvester |
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