CN210381921U

CN210381921U - Small self-propelled castor bean harvester

Info

Publication number: CN210381921U
Application number: CN201921006242.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯俊铭; 白晶波; 杨勇; 朱红杰; 姚恩超
Original assignee: Shenyang Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shenyang Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-06-30
Filing date: 2019-06-30
Publication date: 2020-04-24
Anticipated expiration: 2029-06-30

Abstract

A small self-propelled castor harvester belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The harvester comprises a rack, a harvesting device, an auxiliary harvesting device, a grain lifting guide device, a cutting device and a transmission device, wherein the cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the rack below the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device is arranged at the top of the rack and is provided with a side opening collecting box, the harvesting device and the rack are obliquely arranged and are arranged at the opening of the collecting box, the grain lifting guide device is positioned at the front working end of the whole harvester, and the transmission device is respectively connected with the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device and the cutting device and drives the grain lifting guide device to. The utility model discloses can with the castor capsule results of the different levels on same plant, the results is efficient, simple structure, the cost is lower, controls the convenience.

Description

Small self-propelled castor bean harvester

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a small self-propelled castor harvester.

Background

Castor is an important oil crop, and castor seeds can be used for oil extraction and pharmacy. The harvest of the castor capsule is a key part in the castor industry chain, and the raw material supply of the subsequent castor deep processing is directly influenced by the harvest efficiency. At the present stage, a small part of castor planting areas are used for harvesting castor in a mechanized mode, however, the harvesting machines are basically formed by modifying formed wheat harvesting machines, the adaptability is poor, the loss rate is high, and the harvesting requirements cannot be met. Most of other castor planting areas in China still harvest castor by manual stroking, and the harvesting mode has low harvesting efficiency and high labor intensity and cannot meet the demand of the market on castor.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a small self-propelled castor bean harvester, which has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and the like.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention discloses a small self-propelled castor bean harvester which comprises a rack, a harvesting device, an auxiliary harvesting device, a grain lifting guide device, a cutting device and a transmission device, wherein the cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the rack below the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device is arranged at the top of the rack and is provided with a side opening collecting box, the harvesting device and the rack are obliquely arranged and are arranged at the opening of the collecting box, the grain lifting guide device is arranged at the working front end of the whole machine, and the transmission device is respectively connected with the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device and the cutting device and drives the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device and the.

Preferably, harvesting apparatus includes broach cylinder axle and the broach cylinder that the bisymmetry set up, every broach cylinder axle is installed in the broach cylinder, and the broach cylinder is stretched out at both ends and is installed respectively on placing the board from top to bottom in the cylinder of arranging in the frame, and two broach cylinder axles connect transmission respectively, drive two broach cylinders and rotate in opposite directions: the grain lifting guide device is used as the front end, the left roller rotates clockwise, and the right roller rotates anticlockwise.

Preferably, the comb-tooth roller comprises two fixed disks, two comb-tooth fixed plates and comb teeth, the two fixed disks are connected with the plurality of comb-tooth fixed plates along the circumference of the fixed disks, and the comb-tooth fixed plates are provided with a plurality of comb teeth with the same bending direction in parallel.

Preferably, one end of each comb tooth is an L-shaped lug plate connected with the comb tooth fixing plate, the other end of each comb tooth is provided with a bending tooth, each bending tooth is formed by a tooth body and a tooth tip to form a bending angle, and the bending angle between the tooth body and the tooth tip is 130-150 degrees.

Preferably, the axes of the comb rollers form an inclination angle of 30-45 ° with the horizontal plane.

Preferably, the auxiliary harvesting device comprises two symmetrically arranged collecting boxes and two pull stem chains, wherein the collecting boxes are arranged in parallel with the axes of the comb tooth rollers and are positioned at two sides of the two comb tooth rollers, the pull stem chains are positioned at the tops of the collecting boxes and are connected through chain wheels arranged at two top ends of the collecting boxes, and driving chain wheels close to the working rear end are connected with the transmission device; the stem pulling chain is connected with at least 3 stem pulling fingers, the stem pulling fingers are rectangular opening frames and are welded on the stem pulling chain at equal intervals, and a rectangular frame structure is formed outside the stem pulling chain; the moving directions of the two stem pulling chains are as follows: the stalk-pulling chain on the left side rotates clockwise and the stalk-pulling chain on the right side rotates anticlockwise by taking the stalk-supporting guide device as the front end; when the stem pulling chain works, the extending stem pulling fingers have the upward conveying trend to castor plants, so that the castor plants are prevented from inclining forwards in the working area of the roller.

Preferably, the inner bottom surface of the collecting box inclines by 5-10 degrees relative to the plane where the axis of the comb roller is located, the bottom end of the collecting box is provided with a discharge port, and the outer side of the discharge port is provided with a manual type material baffle plate to prevent capsules in the collecting box from falling outside.

Preferably, the grain lifting guide device is positioned at the front end of the whole machine, the whole machine is of a frame structure and is connected with the machine frame through welding, and the two guide devices are opened at an angle of 40-45 degrees along the advancing direction of the machine.

Preferably, the cutting device comprises a cutter head, a cutter shaft, a bearing end cover and a fixed sleeve, the cutter shaft is arranged in the fixed sleeve, two ends of the cutter shaft are installed through the bearing end cover, one end of the cutter shaft extends out of the fixed sleeve to be connected with the transmission device, and the other end of the cutter shaft is connected with the cutter head.

Preferably, the cutting knife is a trapezoidal knife, the cutting edge angle theta is 20 degrees, and the length L of the secondary cutting edge is 19.8 mm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the harvester for castor beans adopts the inclined double-comb-tooth roller, the axis of the comb-tooth roller forms an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees with the horizontal plane, the two comb-tooth rollers can harvest castor capsules of different levels on the same plant in a smaller working interval, and the harvesting efficiency is high.

2. The castor bean harvester collecting device is integrated on two sides of the comb tooth roller, a 130-degree included angle of 150 degrees is formed between the tooth tips of the comb teeth and the tooth body, two comb teeth are distributed on the same tooth body, the distance between the two comb teeth is smaller than the minimum diameter of castor capsule, and after the castor bean is brushed off by the comb teeth, the picked-off castor capsule can continue to move along with the comb teeth and is finally thrown to the side collecting box. The bottom surface of the collecting box inclines by 5-10 degrees relative to the plane where the axis of the comb roller is located, castor in the collecting box can continuously move to the discharge port, the whole machine is compact in structure, and the collection is convenient.

3. The castor harvester has the advantages that the transmission distance of each working part is small, the front and back distributed weight of the whole machine is uniform, and the operation is stable. Compared with the existing castor bean harvester, the castor bean harvester has the advantages of simple harvesting process and low maintenance cost of each part.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the comb drum of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the comb drum of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the comb teeth of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the transmission at the harvesting device of fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the cutting apparatus of fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the side collection tank of fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is the trapezoidal cutter of fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view a-a of fig. 8.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a transmission according to the present invention

In the figure: 1. a standing grain guide device, 2, a roller lower placing plate, 3, a roller shaft, 4, a fixed disc, 5, a comb fixing plate, 6, comb teeth, 61. L-shaped lug plates, 62, a tooth body, 63, a tooth tip, 7, a stem pulling chain, 8, a stem pulling finger, 9, a coupler, 10, a transmission chain, 11, a gear box, 12, an engine, 121, belt wheels I and 13, a handle, 14, a belt wheel V and 15, a roller upper placing plate, 16, a commutator, 17, a belt wheel II, 18, a belt wheel IV, 19, a belt wheel III, 20, a half shaft, 21, a transfer case, 22, a cutting knife transmission shaft, 23, a rear traveling wheel, 24, a belt wheel VI, 25, a cutting knife, a 251, a cutting edge, 252, an auxiliary cutting edge, 26, a cutter head, 27, a front traveling wheel, 28, a frame, 29, a collecting box, 30, a top plate, 302, a bottom plate, 303, a side plate, 31, a fixed material blocking sleeve, 32, 33, a lower, 34. upper bearing end cap, 35 differential.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

Example (b): the invention discloses a small self-propelled castor bean harvester which comprises a rack, a harvesting device, an auxiliary harvesting device, a grain lifting guide device 1, a cutting device and a transmission device, wherein the cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the rack below the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device is arranged at the top of the rack and is provided with a side opening collecting box 30, the harvesting device and the rack are obliquely arranged and are arranged at the opening of the collecting box, the grain lifting guide device 1 is arranged at the front working end of the whole machine, and the transmission device is respectively connected with the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device and the cutting device and drives the grain lifting guide device, the cutting device and.

The auxiliary harvesting device, the grain lifting guide device 1 and the cutting device are arranged symmetrically.

As shown in fig. 2-4, the harvesting device comprises two symmetrically arranged comb tooth roller shafts 3 and comb tooth rollers, each comb tooth roller shaft 3 is installed in a comb tooth roller, two ends of each comb tooth roller shaft extend out of the comb tooth rollers and are respectively installed on the upper and

lower placing plates

15 and 2 of the roller placed on the rack, the two comb tooth roller shafts 3 are respectively connected with a transmission device to drive the two comb tooth rollers to rotate oppositely, namely: the rotation directions of the comb tooth rollers of the two harvesting devices are as follows: the grain lifting guide device 1 is used as the front end, the left roller rotates clockwise, and the right roller rotates anticlockwise.

The broach cylinder includes fixed disk 4, broach fixed plate 5 and broach 6, fixed disk 4 is two, has a plurality of broach fixed plates 5 along 4 circumference connections of fixed disk between two fixed disks 4, sets up a plurality of broach 6 that the direction is unanimous on the broach fixed plate 5 side by side, and its direction of bending is unanimous with broach cylinder direction of rotation, and in the broach cylinder by lower supreme rotation, broach 6 sieves brush capsule from bottom to top, guarantees to fall the capsule comb brush.

One end of the comb teeth 6 is an L-shaped ear plate 61 connected with the comb tooth fixing plate 5, the other end of the comb teeth is provided with bending teeth, the bending teeth are formed by bending angles formed by a tooth body 62 and a tooth tip 63, the bending angle between the tooth body 62 and the tooth tip 63 is 130-150 degrees, and the castor capsules can be better thrown into the collecting boxes on the two sides.

The axial line of the comb-tooth roller forms an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the angle range has better harvesting effect on the castor capsule which grows in a layered mode.

For better being connected with fixed disk 4, broach fixed plate 5 is a long flat board, and both ends have the connecting plate of bending, and broach fixed plate 5 evenly sets up in fixed disk 4 circumference.

The diameter of the fixed disk 4 is 150mm, the thickness of the fixed disk is 10mm, the central shaft hole is 33mm, and phi 5 bolt holes are distributed at equal angles in the circumferential direction and are used for being connected with the comb fixing plate 5.

The auxiliary harvesting device comprises a collecting box 30 and a stem pulling chain 7 which are symmetrically arranged, the comb tooth rollers of the collecting box 30 are parallelly arranged on the outer sides of the two comb tooth rollers and are connected with the rack through ear plates, the stem pulling chain 7 is arranged at the top of the collecting box 30, two chain wheels sleeved with the stem pulling chain 7 are arranged at two ends of the top of the collecting box 30 through belt seat bearings, and a driving chain wheel close to the rear end of the work is connected with a transmission device. The stem pulling chain 7 is connected with stem pulling fingers 8, the stem pulling fingers 8 are rectangular open frames, 3 stem pulling fingers are adopted in the embodiment and are welded on the stem pulling chain 7 at equal intervals, a rectangular frame structure is formed outside the stem pulling chain 7, and the stem pulling fingers 8 are used for feeding plants to one side of the comb tooth roller to prevent the plants from being knocked down by a machine. When the stalk-pulling chain works, the movement directions of the stalk-pulling chains 7 of the two auxiliary harvesting devices are as follows: use standing grain guider 1 to hold up as the front end, the left stem chain of pulling is clockwise rotation, and the stem chain of pulling on right side is anticlockwise rotation, makes two stem chains 7 opposite sides move from bottom to top simultaneously, and the stem of pulling that stretches out indicates 8 to play the upward transport trend to castor plant, avoids castor plant to lean forward in cylinder work area.

As shown in figure 7, the inner bottom surface of the bottom plate 272 of said collecting chamber 30 is inclined by 5 to 10 with respect to the plane of the axis of the comb roller, this angular disposition being effective in preventing the capsules inside the collecting chamber from falling. The bottom end of the side plate 273 of the collecting box 30 is provided with a rectangular discharge opening of 80 x 300mm for discharging the collected castor, and the outside of the discharge opening is provided with a manual type striker plate 29 for preventing the collected castor capsules from falling outside. The end of the top plate of the collecting box 30 is provided with an upward bending plate, which has the function of preventing the harvested capsule from splashing everywhere, so that the capsule can be better thrown into the side collecting box along with the movement of the elastic tooth, and the capsule can be collected to the maximum.

The seedling lifting guide device is of a frame structure and is connected with the rack through welding, a bending baffle is arranged on one side of the seedling lifting guide device, one end of the bending baffle is connected to the rack through a connecting rod, the other end of the bending baffle is a working front end, the top of the bending baffle is connected to the rack through supporting rods respectively, an approximate triangular pyramid frame with the working front end as the top is formed, and the two seedling lifting guide devices are opened by 40-45 degrees along the advancing direction of the machine so as to adapt to the ridge distance range of the plant of the ricinus capsule.

As shown in fig. 6, the cutting device includes a cutter head 26, a cutter 25, a cutter shaft 32, an upper bearing cover 34, a lower bearing cover 33 and a fixing sleeve 31, the cutter shaft 32 is disposed inside the fixing sleeve 31, two ends of the cutter shaft are mounted through the upper and lower bearing covers 34, 33, one end of the cutter shaft 32 extends out of the fixing sleeve 29 to connect with a bevel gear of the transmission device, and the other end is connected with the cutter head 24.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the cutting knife 25 is a trapezoidal knife, the cutting angle θ of the cutting edge 251 is 20 °, and the length L of the secondary cutting edge 252 is 19.8mm, which is beneficial for cutting castor-oil plant.

As shown in fig. 1, the transmission device includes an engine 12, a transmission system between the engine 12 and the harvesting device, a transmission system between the engine 12 and the cutting device, and a transmission system between the engine 12 and the traveling wheels, wherein a pulley i 121 is mounted on an output shaft of the engine 12, and the transmission system between the engine 12 and the harvesting device is: comprises a commutator 16, a belt wheel III 19, a belt wheel VI 24, a belt wheel V14, a gear box 11, a chain wheel and a coupling, the commutator 16 is respectively provided with a belt wheel II 17 and a belt wheel III 19 with mutually vertical axes, namely, the belt wheels II 17 and III 19 are double-groove belt wheels which are respectively arranged on bevel gear sets engaged with each other, the belt wheels II 17 and I121 are connected through a belt, the belt wheel VI 24 is arranged on a cutting knife transmission shaft 22 of a cutting device, the cutting knife transmission shaft 22 is connected and transmitted with a knife shaft 32 through the bevel gear sets, the belt wheel V14 is arranged on an input shaft of a gear box 11, the belt wheel III 19 is respectively connected with the belt wheel VI 24 and the belt wheel V14 through belts, part of power of the commutator 16 is transmitted to the belt wheel VI 24 and the cutting knife transmission shaft 22 through belt transmission, and the tail end of the cutting knife transmission shaft 22 is connected with the knife shaft 32 through a bevel gear to provide power for the cutting device; part of power is transmitted to a belt wheel V14 through belt transmission to drive an input shaft of a gear box 11 to rotate, four groups of bevel gear transmissions are arranged inside the gear box 11, two groups of bevel gears are connected with comb tooth roller shafts 3 through gear box output shafts and couplers, and the two roller shafts 3 drive the two comb tooth rollers to rotate oppositely; the other two groups of bevel gears transmit power through a transmission chain 10 sleeved between a chain wheel arranged on an output shaft of the gear box and a chain wheel on the stem-pulling chain 7, and the power is transmitted to the stem-pulling chain 7 through the transmission chain 10 to realize the stem-pulling effect; the transmission system between the engine 12 and the traveling wheels comprises a belt wheel IV 18, a transfer case, half shafts and bevel gear sets, the belt wheel IV 18 is installed on an input shaft of the transfer case and is connected with a belt wheel II 17 through a belt, part of power of the engine is transmitted to the belt wheel IV 18 through belt transmission, a differential mechanism and a bevel gear set meshed with each other are contained in the transfer case, two ends of the differential mechanism are respectively connected with the half shafts 20, the end parts of the half shafts 20 are respectively connected with rear traveling wheels, the power of the engine is transmitted and steered through the transfer case, and finally the power is provided for the rear traveling wheels.

Claims

1. A small-sized self-propelled castor bean harvester is characterized in that: the harvester comprises a rack, a harvesting device, an auxiliary harvesting device, a grain lifting guide device, a cutting device and a transmission device, wherein the cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the rack below the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device is arranged at the top of the rack and is provided with a side opening collecting box, the harvesting device and the rack are obliquely arranged and are arranged at the opening of the collecting box, the grain lifting guide device is positioned at the front working end of the whole harvester, and the transmission device is respectively connected with the harvesting device, the auxiliary harvesting device and the cutting device and drives the grain lifting guide device to.

2. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 1, wherein: the harvesting device comprises two symmetrically arranged comb tooth roller shafts and comb tooth rollers, each comb tooth roller shaft is arranged in each comb tooth roller, the two ends of each comb tooth roller shaft extend out of the comb tooth rollers and are respectively arranged on the upper and lower placing plates of the rollers arranged on the rack, and the two comb tooth roller shafts are respectively connected with a transmission device to drive the two comb tooth rollers to rotate oppositely: the grain lifting guide device is used as the front end, the left roller rotates clockwise, and the right roller rotates anticlockwise.

3. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 2, wherein: the comb tooth roller comprises two fixed disks, a plurality of comb tooth fixed plates and comb teeth, the fixed disks are connected between the two fixed disks along the circumference of the fixed disks, and the comb tooth fixed plates are provided with a plurality of comb teeth with the same bending direction in parallel.

4. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 3, wherein: one end of each comb tooth is provided with an L-shaped lug plate connected with the comb tooth fixing plate, the other end of each comb tooth is provided with a bending tooth, each bending tooth is formed by a tooth body and a tooth tip to form a bending angle, and the bending angle between the tooth body and the tooth tip is 130-150 degrees.

5. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 2, wherein: the axes of the comb teeth roller and the horizontal plane form an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees.

6. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary harvesting device comprises two symmetrically arranged collecting boxes and two pull stem chains, wherein the collecting boxes are arranged in parallel to the axes of the comb tooth rollers and are positioned at two sides of the two comb tooth rollers, the pull stem chains are positioned at the tops of the collecting boxes and are connected through chain wheels arranged at two top ends of the collecting boxes, and driving chain wheels close to the working rear end are connected with a transmission device; the stem pulling chain is connected with at least 3 stem pulling fingers, the stem pulling fingers are rectangular opening frames and are welded on the stem pulling chain at equal intervals, and a rectangular frame structure is formed outside the stem pulling chain; the moving directions of the two stem pulling chains are as follows: the stalk-pulling chain on the left side rotates clockwise and the stalk-pulling chain on the right side rotates anticlockwise by taking the stalk-supporting guide device as the front end; when the stem pulling chain works, the extending stem pulling fingers have the upward conveying trend to castor plants, so that the castor plants are prevented from inclining forwards in the working area of the roller.

7. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 6, wherein: the bottom surface in the collecting box inclines by 5-10 degrees relative to the plane where the axis of the comb roller is located, the bottom end of the collecting box is provided with a discharge hole, and the outer side of the discharge hole is provided with a manual type striker plate to prevent capsules in the collecting box from falling outside.

8. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 1, wherein: the whole grain lifting guide device is in a frame structure and is connected with the frame through welding, and the two guide devices are opened at an angle of 40-45 degrees along the advancing direction of the machine.

9. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 1, wherein: the cutting device comprises a cutting knife cutter disc, a cutting knife, a knife shaft, a bearing end cover and a fixed sleeve, the knife shaft is arranged inside the fixed sleeve, two ends of the knife shaft are installed through the bearing end cover, one end of the knife shaft extends out of the fixed sleeve to be connected with the transmission device, and the other end of the knife shaft is connected with the cutting knife cutter disc.

10. The small self-propelled castor bean harvester according to claim 9, wherein: the cutting knife is a trapezoidal knife, the edge angle theta of the cutting edge is 20 degrees, and the length L of the auxiliary cutting edge is 19.8 mm.