CN113518803A - 有机外墙的防水性 - Google Patents
有机外墙的防水性 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113518803A CN113518803A CN202080017589.XA CN202080017589A CN113518803A CN 113518803 A CN113518803 A CN 113518803A CN 202080017589 A CN202080017589 A CN 202080017589A CN 113518803 A CN113518803 A CN 113518803A
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Abstract
本公开提供包括颜料、有机水乳液和下式的有机膦酸的涂料配制物:
Description
技术领域
本公开大体上涉及涂层,并且更具体地涉及用于为有机外墙提供防水性的涂层。
背景技术
有机外墙的防水性对于维持建筑材料的结构完整性很重要。典型的有机外墙,如“外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)”和“外部绝热复合系统”(ETICS)为高度纹理化的油漆配制物。这些油漆配制物使用聚合粘结剂,其有助于增强EIFS和ETICS中使用的粘合剂和加强砂浆。
EIFS和ETICS的一个显著问题为使水分渗入降到最低的能力。水分可导致底层结构的结构损坏,以及降低建筑材料的绝热能力。过多的水分还可导致藻类繁殖、盐霜以及与冻融循环相关联的砂浆损坏。因此,外墙最重要的工作中的一种为保护衬底免受风化和水分影响。疏水材料如有机硅已被用于赋予外部涂层防水性。有机硅材料的挑战在于它们给予初始防水性,但它们对涂层的保色性具有负面影响。
因此,需要一种新方法来给予有机外墙的改进的防水性和保色性。
发明内容
本公开提供用于外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)中的顶涂层的涂料配制物,其有助于保护EIFS的衬底免受风化和水分影响,同时有助于维持保色性。本公开的涂料配制物包括颜料、有机水乳液和下式的有机膦酸:
其中R为具有2至10个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烷基或具有5至10个碳原子的被取代或未被取代的芳基。对于各种实施例,有机膦酸的R为苯基。在额外实施例中,R为提供乙烯基膦酸的具有2个碳原子的不饱和烷基。
颜料以提供总颜料体积浓度(PVC)含量为70至90%的涂料配制物的量存在。优选地,颜料以提供总PVC含量为75至85%的涂料配制物的量存在。在一个实施例中,颜料为二氧化钛。
对于各种实施例,有机水乳液选自由以下组成的组:丙烯酸水乳液、聚氨酯分散体、聚烯烃分散体以及其组合。优选地,有机水乳液为丙烯酸水乳液。对于各种实施例,丙烯酸水乳液由选自由以下组成的组的聚合物树脂形成:丙烯酸树脂、苯乙烯-丙烯酸树脂以及其组合。对于实施例,聚合物树脂(例如,丙烯酸树脂或苯乙烯-丙烯酸树脂)由选自由以下组成的组的单体形成:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、苯乙烯以及其组合。
本公开的涂料配制物可包括4至10重量百分比(wt%)的来自有机水乳液的聚合物树脂。优选地,涂料配制物可包括5至8wt%的来自有机水乳液的聚合物树脂。最优选地,涂料配制物可包括6至7wt%的来自有机水乳液的聚合物树脂。聚合物树脂的wt%为按涂料配制物的总固体重量计的有机水乳液的干重。优选地,有机水乳液为丙烯酸水乳液丙烯酸,其中丙烯酸的wt%为按涂料配制物的总固体重量计的丙烯酸水乳液的干重。
本公开的涂料配制物可包括0.5至5wt%的有机膦酸。优选地,涂料配制物可包括按涂料配制物的总固体重量计0.7至1.5wt%的有机膦酸。有机膦酸的wt%按涂料配制物的总固体重量计。对于各种实施例,有机膦酸选自由以下组成的组:4-甲氧基苯基膦酸、苄基膦酸、丁基膦酸、羧乙基膦酸、二苯基次膦酸、十二烷基膦酸、亚乙基二膦酸、十七烷基膦酸、甲基苄基次膦酸、萘基甲基次膦酸、十八烷基膦酸、辛基膦酸、戊基膦酸、甲基苯基次膦酸、苯膦酸、苯乙烯膦酸、十二烷基双-1,12-膦酸、聚(乙二醇)膦酸以及其组合。
本公开的涂料配制物还可另外包括选自由以下组成的组的填料:二氧化硅、砂、骨料以及其组合。本公开的涂料配制物还可另外包括选自由以下组成的组的增量剂:粘土、碳酸钙、硅酸盐、硅酸铝、滑石、白云石、硅酸盐矿物以及其组合。
本公开的涂料配制物可用于在外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)中形成顶涂层。在EIFS的表面上形成顶涂层的方法包括将本公开的涂料配制物施加在EIFS的表面上,并且使涂料配制物在EIFS的表面上干燥以在EIFS的表面上形成顶涂层。如本文所讨论的,EIFS的表面上的顶涂层可有助于保护EIFS的衬底免受风化和水分影响,同时有助于维持保色性。
具体实施方式
本公开提供用于外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)中的顶涂层的涂料配制物,其有助于保护EIFS的衬底免受风化和水分影响,同时有助于维持保色性。
在本公开中,除非另外规定,否则提及的百分比或重量百分比按组合物的干重计。除非另外指示,否则所有温度和压力单位为室温(23℃)和标准压力(101.3kPa,STP)。本公开中叙述的所有范围为包括性并且可组合的。所有包含圆括号的短语都指示所包括的括号中的物质和其不存在中的任一者或两者。举例来说,在替代方案中,短语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”包括丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。
如本文所用的外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)为非承重建筑覆层系统的一般类别,其在集成复合材料系统中为外壁提供隔热、防水、饰面。像EIFS的系统包括被称为外壁隔热系统和外部绝热覆层系统(ETICS)的那些。EIFS和ETICS的使用在本文中可互换使用。如本领域中已知的,EIFS的两种类别为PB类(基于聚合物的,标识为PB EIFS)和PM类(聚合物改性的,标识为PM EIFS)。PB EIFS具有粘附在基材上的隔热板(例如,膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS)或聚异氰脲酸酯),其中网(例如玻璃纤维网)嵌入标称底涂层中。PM EIFS具有挤塑聚苯乙烯隔热材料(XEPS)和厚的水泥底涂层,其施加在机械附接的加强网上。本公开的涂料配制物可用于形成EIFS的底涂层或作为顶涂层或面涂层。
颜料体积浓度(PVC)为在添加到涂料配制物中后可适当润湿的特定颜料的量。涂料配制物中的颜料需要被聚合物充分“润湿”才能形成保护涂层。存在刚好足够的聚合物以润湿颜料颗粒的点被称为临界颜料体积浓度(CPVC)。在CPVC下存在足够的聚合物用于颜料润湿,而在CPVC上则没有。在CPVC处的涂料特性突然改变。使用以下方程式计算PVC:
%PVC=100*V颜料/(V颜料+V粘结剂)
V颜料=颜料体积
V粘结剂=丙烯酸水乳液中存在的丙烯酸粘结剂体积
参考:W.K.Asbeck;Maurice Van Loo《工业和工程化学(Ind.Eng.Chem.)》1949,41(7),1470-1475。Sarah Sands金色艺术家色彩公司(Golden Artist Colors)2016,34,1,其以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
Delta E(ΔE)为用于理解人眼如何感知色差的度量。ΔE为表示两种颜色之间的‘距离’的单个数字。在典型的范围内,ΔE值的范围将为0至100。1.0的ΔE为人眼可看到的最小色差。任何小于1.0的ΔE都为不可察觉的,并且显而易见,任何大于1.0的ΔE都为明显的。
ΔE*(总色差)基于ΔL*、a*、b*色差来计算,并且表示样品与标准品之间的直线距离。国际照明委员会(International Commission on Illumination)(CIE)CIE76公式用于计算所有值:
其中在以下中的任一个中找到上述公式:亨特立(Hunter Lab)(https:// www.hunterlab.com);《数字彩色成像手册(Digital Color Imaging Handbook)》(1.7.2版)Sharma,Gaurav(2003)CRC出版社(CRC Press)(ISBN0-8493-0900-X),其以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
如本文所用,术语“丙烯酸”是指包含单体混合物的聚合产物的聚合物,按总单体固体计所述单体混合物含有大于50wt%的任何丙烯酸单体,例如丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酰胺和(甲基)丙烯酸。其它丙烯酸单体也为可以的并且在本文中提供。
本公开的涂料配制物包括颜料、有机水乳液和下式的有机膦酸:
其中R为具有2至10个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烷基或具有5至10个碳原子的被取代或未被取代的芳基。
颜料以提供总颜料体积浓度(PVC)含量为70至90%的涂料配制物的量存在。优选地,颜料以提供总PVC含量为75至85%的涂料配制物的量存在。为了避免疑问,PVC使用下述公式计算,其中V颜料表示涂料配制物内的颜料的体积,并且V粘结剂表示组合物内的聚合粘结剂的体积
PVC(%)=V颜料/(V颜料+V粘结剂)×100
优选地,外部涂料配制物包含按外部涂料配制物的总重量计10至30wt%的水。优选地,外部涂料配制物为外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)中的顶涂层。
颜料可为无机颜料,例如钛、铝、钴、铜、铁、铬、铅、锰、钛或锡颜料,或颜料可为有机颜料,例如碳黑。优选地,颜料为无机颜料,更优选地为钛颜料并且最优选地为二氧化钛(TiO2)。当存在时,干混配制物优选地包含按干混配制物的总重量计呈不超过10wt%,优选地1至10wt%的量的这类一种或多种颜料。
对于各种实施例,有机水乳液选自由以下组成的组:丙烯酸水乳液、聚氨酯分散体、聚烯烃分散体以及其组合。本公开的涂料配制物可包括4至10重量百分比(wt%)的来自有机水乳液的聚合物树脂。优选地,涂料配制物可包括5至8wt%的来自有机水乳液的聚合物树脂。最优选地,涂料配制物可包括6至7wt%的来自有机水乳液的聚合物树脂。聚合物树脂的wt%为按涂料配制物的总固体重量计的有机水乳液的干重。
对于各种实施例,有机水乳液优选地为丙烯酸水乳液。各种实施例的丙烯酸水乳液由选自由以下组成的组的聚合物树脂形成:丙烯酸树脂、苯乙烯-丙烯酸树脂以及其组合。本公开的涂料配制物可包括4至10重量百分比(wt%)的来自丙烯酸水乳液的聚合物树脂。优选地,涂料配制物可包括5至8wt%的来自丙烯酸水乳液的聚合物树脂。最优选地,涂料配制物可包括6至7wt%的来自丙烯酸水乳液的聚合物树脂。聚合物树脂的wt%为按涂料配制物的总固体重量计的来自丙烯酸水乳液的聚合物树脂的干重。
对于实施例,丙烯酸水乳液的聚合物树脂(例如,丙烯酸树脂或苯乙烯-丙烯酸树脂)由选自由以下组成的组的单体形成:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、苯乙烯以及其组合。其它烯键式不饱和单体可与丙烯酸树脂或苯乙烯-丙烯酸树脂共聚。所得树脂共聚物的组成在很大程度上取决于应用。用于形成丙烯酸树脂或苯乙烯-丙烯酸树脂的这些其它单体的实例可包括丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸叔戊酯、甲基丙烯酸正癸酯、丙烯酸正十二酯、丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯以及其组合。优选地,聚合物树脂由选自由以下组成的组的单体形成:丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯。在额外实施例中,聚合物树脂由丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯形成。
用于丙烯酸水乳液的聚合物树脂的Tg根据ASTM D6604-00(2017)测量为0至35℃。优选地,用于丙烯酸水乳液的聚合物树脂的Tg根据ASTM D6604-00(2017)测量为10至30℃。聚合物树脂的Tg可通过使用福克斯(Fox)方程式(T.G.Fox,《美国物理学会公报(Bull.Am.Physics Soc.)》,第1卷,第3期,第123页(1956))来计算,其中计算单体M1至Mi的共聚物的Tg,混合物使用以下方程式来确定:
1/Tg,混合物≈∑iωi/Tg,i
其中Tg,混合物为针对共聚物计算的玻璃化转变温度;wi为共聚物中单体Mi的重量分数;Tgi为Mi的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度,所有温度均以开氏度为单位。均聚物的玻璃化转变温度可例如见于“《聚合物手册(Polymer Handbook)》”,由J.Brandrup和E.H.Immergut编辑,国际科学出版社(Interscience Publishers)。本文中在计算Tg时排除共聚接枝联接单体的贡献。计算的Tg由聚合物树脂的总整体组成计算。
丙烯酸水乳液中使用的聚合物树脂的重均分子量可为50,000至1,000,000。用于测量重均分子量的技术包括但不限于使用聚苯乙烯标准品的静态光散射或凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC),如本领域中已知的。
用于制备丙烯酸水乳液的聚合技术为本领域众所周知的(例如,美国专利号4,325,856;4,654,397;和4,814,373等中公开的实例)。如在本文中所提及,丙烯酸水乳液的聚合物树脂可制备成使用乳液聚合技术形成的丙烯酸聚合物水性乳液。可使用常规表面活性剂,例如阴离子型和/或非离子型乳化剂,例如碱金属或铵烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸、脂肪酸以及乙氧基化烷基酚。按总单体的重量计,所用表面活性剂的量可为0.1重量%至6重量%。可使用热引发过程或氧化还原引发过程。可使用按总单体的重量计典型地呈0.01重量%至3.0重量%的水平的常规自由基引发剂,例如过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、叔戊基过氧化氢、铵和/或碱金属过硫酸盐。使用与适合的还原剂(例如甲醛次硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、异抗坏血酸、羟胺硫酸盐以及亚硫酸氢钠)偶合的相同引发剂的氧化还原系统可按类似的水平使用,任选地与例如铁和铜的金属离子组合,任选地另外包括金属络合剂。针对某一阶段的单体混合物可纯净地或以在水中的乳液形式添加。针对某一阶段的单体混合物可使用均匀的或不同的组合物按单次添加或多次添加的方式或经分配给所述阶段的反应时段连续地添加;优选的是以单次添加的形式添加一种或多种聚合物单体的乳液。可在任一阶段之前、期间或之后添加额外成分,例如自由基引发剂、氧化剂、还原剂、链转移剂、螯合剂、稳定剂、中和剂、表面活性剂和分散剂。
示例性丙烯酸水乳液包括:以来自密歇根州米德兰的陶氏化学公司(The DowChemical Company(Midland,MI))的商品代号UCARTM、可购自陶氏化学公司的PRIMALTM品牌乳液、可购自陶氏化学公司的RHOPLEXTM品牌丙烯酸乳液和可购自陶氏化学公司的HYDRHOLACTM品牌水性分散体聚合物提供的那些。水可占水性组合物的总重量的10wt%至99wt%。
可用于本公开的聚氨酯分散体(PU分散体)的实例包括通过本领域众所周知的方法和条件下使多元醇与多异氰酸酯反应制备的那些。可商购的PU分散体也可用于本公开中。可商购的PU分散体的实例包括可购自陶氏化学公司的PRIMALTMU-91、可购自拜耳材料科学公司(Bayer Material Science AG)的BAYHYDROLTMUH 240、BAYHYDROLTMUH XP 2648和IMPRANILTMDL1537。可用于本公开的聚烯烃分散体(PO分散体)的实例包括,例如,本领域中已知的基于丙烯和乙烯的分散体。可用于本公开的PO分散体的实例还包括基于烯烃嵌段共聚物的那些。可用于本公开的PO分散体的实例包括以商品名HYPDODTM和CANVERATM(两者均可购自陶氏化学公司)可商购的那些。
对于有机膦酸,有机基团可为单体、低聚或聚合基团。本公开的有机膦酸优选地具有下式:
其中R为具有2至10个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烷基或具有5至10个碳原子的被取代或未被取代的芳基。优选地,有机膦酸的R为苯基。在额外优选的实施例中,R为提供乙烯基膦酸的具有2个碳原子的不饱和烷基。可包含R的有机基团的实例包括长链和短链脂肪烃、芳香烃和被取代的脂肪烃和被取代的芳香烃。取代基的实例包括羧基如羧酸、羟基、氨基、亚氨基、酰胺基、硫基、氰基、氟如CF3(CnF2n)CH2CH2PO3H2,其中n=3至15,CF3(CF2)XO(CF2CF2)y--CH2CH2--PO3H2,其中x为0至7,y为1至20并且x+y<27,膦酸盐、次膦酸盐、磺酸盐、碳酸盐和混合取代基。
本公开的涂料配制物可包括0.5至5wt%的有机膦酸。优选地,涂料配制物可包括按涂料配制物的总固体重量计0.7至1.5wt%的有机膦酸。有机膦酸的wt%按涂料配制物的总固体重量计。
对于各种实施例,代表性有机膦酸选自由以下组成的组:4-甲氧基苯基膦酸、苄基膦酸、丁基膦酸、羧乙基膦酸、二苯基次膦酸、十二烷基膦酸、亚乙基二膦酸、十七烷基膦酸、甲基苄基次膦酸、萘基甲基次膦酸、十八烷基膦酸、辛基膦酸、戊基膦酸、甲基苯基次膦酸、苯膦酸、苯乙烯膦酸、十二烷基双-1,12-膦酸、聚(乙二醇)膦酸以及其组合。其它有机膦酸包括氨基三亚甲基膦酸、氨基苄基膦酸、3-氨基丙基膦酸、O-氨基苯基膦酸、4-甲氧基苯基膦酸、氨基苯基膦酸、氨基丙基膦酸、二苯甲基膦酸、双-(全氟庚基)膦酸和全氟己基膦酸。除了单体有机膦酸之外,可使用由各个单体酸的自缩合产生的低聚或聚合有机膦酸。
有机膦酸可溶解或分散在稀释剂中。合适的稀释剂包括醇,如甲醇、乙醇或丙醇;脂肪烃,如己烷、异辛烷和癸烷,醚,例如四氢呋喃和二烷基醚,如乙醚。此外,碱性水溶液如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾可用作稀释剂。
此外,本公开的涂料配制物可另外包括其它常规添加剂,例如消泡剂,其典型地以按总固体计至多1.5wt%的量存在。可以常规量采用的其它添加剂包括一种或多种盐(如CaCl2、MgCl2)、单糖、二糖、分散剂或超塑化剂。
本公开的涂料配制物可另外包括填料和/或增量剂颗粒。包括这类填料或增量剂颗粒以向涂料配制物提供不透明度。如果存在,那么优选地以按涂料配制物的干重计2至30wt%,更优选地4至25wt%,甚至更优选地10至15wt%的量包括填料或增量剂颗粒。
对于各种实施例,填料选自由以下组成的组:二氧化硅、砂、骨料以及其组合。本公开的涂料配制物还可另外包括选自由以下组成的组的增量剂:粘土、碳酸钙、硅酸盐、硅酸铝、滑石、白云石、硅酸盐矿物以及其组合。最优选地,填料或增量剂颗粒选自碳酸钙、硅酸盐以及其组合。
本公开的涂料配制物可用于在外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)中形成顶涂层,如本文所提供。如本领域技术人员所理解的,EIFS的最外层称为顶涂层。EIFS的其它层包括泡沫塑料隔热材料的内层(例如,聚苯乙烯板材)和施加在泡沫塑料隔热材料的外表面上的中间粘合剂填料层。粘合剂填料层基本上围绕并且填充加强网,其嵌入粘合剂填料层中。
顶涂层通常为有色的(例如,包括颜料)和纹理类似油漆的材料,其用抹子或通过喷涂来施加。广泛范围的颜色和纹理可用于顶涂层。纹理的实例包括光滑的表面、粗糙的灰泥状纹理、嵌入的石屑、花岗岩状混合物和砖状处理等。
本公开的实施例包括在EIFS的表面上形成顶涂层的方法。方法包括将如本文所讨论的涂料配制物施加在EIFS的表面上,并且使涂料配制物在EIFS的表面上干燥以在EIFS的表面上形成顶涂层。施加和干燥本公开的涂料配制物以形成顶涂层可在5℃至30℃的环境温度和小于85%的相对湿度下进行。如本文所讨论的,EIFS的表面上的顶涂层可有助于保护EIFS的中间层和内层免受风化和水分影响,同时有助于维持保色性。
实例
通过评估在外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)或“外部绝热复合系统”(ETICS)配制物中具有选定材料(例如,有机膦酸、有机硅)的有机粘结剂来获得所有数据。两种配制物概述在表1中。表1中列出的所有原材料均作为商业样品获得或购买并且按收到的原样评估。
EIFS配制物
使用多种EIFS配制物来评估有机膦酸对吸水率和保色性的影响。EIFS配制物1和EIFS配制物2(表1)分别为见于RhoplexTMEI-2000(北美的陶氏化学公司(The Dow ChemicalCompany,North America))和UCARTM424(欧洲的陶氏化学公司(The Dow ChemicalCompany,Euro))的最新技术数据表中的乳胶配制物。在EIFS配制物1和EIFS配制物2之间的主要区别在于增量剂和颜料体积浓度(PVC)。EIFS配制物1的PVC为78.8,并且使用MinexTM(霞石正长岩,AlxSiyOz)作为增量剂。EIFS配制物2的PVC为82.7,并且使用碳酸钙作为增量剂。使用RhoplexTMEI-2000(陶氏化学公司)和UCARTM424(欧洲的陶氏化学公司)作为所有测试的EIFS对照。按收到的原样使用这些材料。本文的实例也使用“分散体1”,其中制备分散体1的程序见下文。表1提供每种EIFS配制物的概述。
表1.EIFS配制物的概述
表2.实例中使用的材料
程序
分散体1
在环境温度(21℃)下向配备有机械搅拌器(IKA型号RW20)、热电偶、冷凝器和不锈钢汲取管的5L玻璃反应器中添加660克(g)去离子(DI)水并且温热至84℃。通过混合435gDI水、50.0gDS-4、1135.7g丙烯酸正丁酯、24.7g甲基丙烯酸、726.1g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和11.2g磷酸2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯来制备单体乳液(ME)。当反应器中的DI水在84℃下时,向玻璃反应器中添加由4.25gDS-4和18g DI水构成的水溶液。向玻璃反应器中添加75.7g的ME,然后添加4.7g过硫酸钠和53g DI水的水溶液。将反应器的温度降低到76℃。反应为放热的,导致反应器内容物的温度在5分钟内达到84℃。接下来用FMI泵(纽约赛奥西特的流体流量计公司(Fluid Meter Incorporated,Syosset,NY))以14克/分钟将ME泵入反应器。同时,使用注射泵以1.24克/分钟向反应器中添加水溶液A(由2.82g过硫酸钠和207g DI水构成)和水溶液B(由9.38g氢氧化铵(30%活性物质)和177g DI水构成)。将反应器温度维持在84-86℃之间。20分钟后,将ME以及水溶液A和B的进料速率分别增加到28和2.48克/分钟。90分钟后,ME以及水溶液A和B进料都完成。用43g DI水冲洗ME进料管线。将反应器冷却至75℃。接下来,向反应器中依次添加三种溶液:1)由0.0015g七水硫酸亚铁、0.010g乙二胺四乙酸四钠盐水合物和9g DI水构成的水溶液,2)0.11g异抗坏血酸和9g DI水和3)0.31g叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BHP,70%)和9g DI水的水溶液。在约30秒内向反应器中依次添加每种溶液。在30分钟内向反应器中添加两种水溶液。这些水溶液:溶液1由0.44g异抗坏血酸和22g DI水构成,并且溶液2由1.20g t-BHP和22g DI水构成。在这些进料期间,将反应器从约75冷却至60℃。在50℃下,向反应器中添加10.38g氢氧化铵溶液(30%活性物质)。向反应器中添加27.0g AerosolTM22表面活性剂。在30分钟内向反应器中进料由15.7g氢氧化钠溶液(50%活性物质)和146g DI水构成的溶液。分离并且分析所得分散体1:45.4%固体;pH 10.0、4ppm MMA和219ppm BA。使用布鲁克海文仪器(Brookhaven Instruments)90加粒度分析仪,分散体的粒度为169nm。
涂料配制物的实例(Ex)和比较实例(CE)
使用立式混合器(型号N-50Hobart混合器,俄亥俄州特洛伊(Troy,Ohio))通过按照表3中列出的顺序从指定的有机粘结剂开始添加材料,制备涂料配制物的每个实例(Ex)和比较实例(CE)。报告的使用水平相对于活性聚合物含量,而不是相对于总配制物重量。在室温(23℃)下制备每个实例和比较实例。除非另外规定,否则使用混合器型号的低速设置。在30分钟内混合完成的实例或比较实例。在使用前平衡所有涂料配制物24小时。
表3
来自实例和比较实例涂料配制物的膜的吸水率
将每种涂料配制物以3.175mm(1/8英寸)的膜厚度向下拉伸,并且然后在50%相对湿度(RH)和22.2℃(72℉)下固化14天。将每种配制物切割成3.81cm×3.81cm(1.5英寸×1.5英寸)的面板,并且通过将每种配制物放入50克(g)去离子(DI)水中进行一式三份的测试。在24、48和168小时移除每个面板,用毛巾擦干并且称重。吸水率%为浸入水中后重量增加的%。
对水蒸气渗透性的影响
有机硅材料被引入有机外墙配制物中以改进其透气性。评估具有相对于有机粘结剂的活性重量的25wt%的两种有机硅助粘结剂的EIFS配制物1(比较实例Q和比较实例R,表4)。使用修改的ASTM E-96测试方法评估表4中列出的涂料配制物。此测试程序的修改涉及使用1/4品脱油漆罐。用开罐器从罐上移除盖子边缘。移除盖子边缘典型地留下直径为6cm的内罐开口。在开口端和罐边缘下方约6.35mm处通过罐钻3.175mm直径的孔(对于干燥剂方法,6.35mm直径的孔)。在测试样品被环氧树脂粘接到开口罐端后,孔允许随后将水或干燥剂注射到罐中。
通过将涂料配制物以3.175mm的润湿厚度涂抹到防粘涂层纸上制备涂层。在50%相对湿度(RH)和22.2℃下使涂料固化14天。使用剪刀或钻床中合适的内径孔锯将涂层切割至略大于罐开口的直径(即8cm)。在将涂层附接到罐上之前测量每个涂层的厚度(持久性取决于膜的厚度)。使用Miller-Stephenson 907两部分环氧树脂粘合剂珠将涂层环氧粘接到开口罐端以形成组件,以确保密封处的防水性,其中涂层以正常“使用中”侧“朝上”,或背对罐底放置。在开始测试之前,允许组件在75℉和50%相对湿度下固化24小时。
通过注射器将75ml水通过3.175mm直径的孔注射到组件中。添加水后,用一小块电工胶带密封孔。称量密封组件(涂层末端“向上”)至小数点后四位,以得到初始或基线重量。
在10天内每24小时称量一次组件。在最初的48小时期间,可观察到失重(湿法)或增重(干法)的大幅波动。典型地,在48小时后,失重或增重变得恒定,直到达到稳态失重/增重率。在达到稳定的失重/增重时(当失重相对于时间的图变成一条相当直线时可见),停止称重并且记录发生失重/增重的总时间(以小时为单位)。在稳态损失/增加时初始重量和最终重量之间的差为由水分蒸汽通过测试材料进入CTR气氛引起的失重/增重。
水蒸气透过率(WVT)表示为格令水蒸气/小时/英尺2=(失重,以克为单位)×15.43格令/克除以发生失重的总时间(以小时为单位)除以罐开口面积(以平方英尺为单位)。渗透率(英文perms)表示为水蒸气的格令数/小时/英尺2/Hg压差的英寸数=WVT值除以0.437(对于以下测试条件)。水蒸气透过速率(WVTR):在每个表面处的特定温度和湿度条件下垂直于特定平行表面的单位时间内通过主体单位面积的稳定水蒸气流速。典型测试条件:假设在密封罐组件内侧100%RH和在受控温度室(CTR)气氛中50%RH/75°F。这些测试条件的改变将导致WVT和perm测定的计算改变。
在添加有机膦酸的情况下未观察到对水蒸气渗透性的显著影响。
表4
对色调保持性的影响
每100克配制物用1克ColortrendTMBlue 888-7214染料(www.chromaflo.com/)将EIFS配制物1和指定量的苯基膦酸(如表5中所见)染色。将涂料配制物以3.175mm的润湿厚度涂抹到铝板上,并且在50%相对湿度(RH)和22.2℃下固化7天。将面板放置在带有QUVUVA-340灯(来自Q-Panel公司(Q-Panel Company)的部件#LU-8054a)的QUV风化测试仪(Q-Panel公司)中。涂层经受ASTM G154方法中描述的条件(在340nm处的辐照度设定点为0.68W/m2*nm,并且在60℃下光照循环8小时,然后在50℃下冷凝4小时)。使用Spectro-Guide(来自毕克-加特纳股份有限公司(BYK-Gardner GmbH)的型号#6801)测量特定暴露时间下的ΔE值,以测量Hunter CIE L*、a*和b*值。ΔE*(总色差)基于ΔL*、a*、b*色差计算并且表示样品与标准品之间的直线距离。CIE L*、a*、b*颜色值在直角坐标系中提供颜色的完整数字描述符。ΔE(ΔEH)=sqrt((ΔL)2+(Δa)2+(Δb)2)。添加此添加剂确实影响涂层的ΔE值。如表5的数据中可看出,添加剂的水平很重要。
表5
较低PVC涂料配制物的评估
评估较低PVC涂料配制物以确定有机膦酸添加剂是否改进43PVC涂料配制物的防水性。表6中描述的配制物使用表7中指定的添加剂制备。制备配制物并且在涂料以30密耳(0.76mm)的润湿膜厚度拉下之前静置一天。这些涂料在50%相对湿度(RH)和22.2℃下固化14天。将涂层切割成1.5英寸直径的圆盘。通过将每个圆盘放入50克(g)的去离子(DI)水中,每个涂层进行一式三份的测试。在24和168小时移除每个圆盘,用毛巾擦干并且称重。吸水率%为浸入水中后重量增加的%。
表7中呈现水溶胀的数据。此数据示出,与不含添加剂的涂料相比,涂料配制物没有改进。
表6
表7
Claims (15)
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述颜料以提供总颜料体积浓度(PVC)含量为70至90%的所述涂料配制物的量存在。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述颜料以提供总PVC含量为75至85%的所述涂料配制物的量存在。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述颜料为二氧化钛。
5.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述有机水乳液选自由以下组成的组:丙烯酸水乳液、聚氨酯分散体、聚烯烃分散体以及其组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述有机水乳液为丙烯酸水乳液。
7.根据权利要求6所述的涂料配制物,其中聚合物树脂由选自由以下组成的组的单体形成:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、苯乙烯以及其组合。
8.根据权利要求6所述的涂料配制物,其中所述涂料配制物包括4至12重量百分比(wt%)的来自所述丙烯酸水乳液的所述聚合物树脂,其中所述聚合物树脂的所述wt%为按所述涂料配制物的所述总固体重量计的所述丙烯酸水乳液的所述干重。
9.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述有机膦酸的R为苯基。
10.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中R为提供乙烯基膦酸的具有2个碳原子的不饱和烷基。
11.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述涂料配制物包括按所述涂料配制物的所述总固体重量计0.5至5wt%的所述有机膦酸。
12.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述有机膦酸选自由以下组成的组:4-甲氧基苯基膦酸、苄基膦酸、丁基膦酸、羧乙基膦酸、二苯基次膦酸、十二烷基膦酸、亚乙基二膦酸、十七烷基膦酸、甲基苄基次膦酸、萘基甲基次膦酸、十八烷基膦酸、辛基膦酸、戊基膦酸、甲基苯基次膦酸、苯膦酸、苯乙烯膦酸、十二烷基双-1,12-膦酸、聚(乙二醇)膦酸以及其组合。
13.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述涂料配制物另外包括选自由以下组成的组的填料:二氧化硅、砂、骨料以及其组合。
14.根据权利要求1所述的涂料配制物,其中所述涂料配制物另外包括选自由以下组成的组的增量剂:粘土、碳酸钙、硅酸盐、硅酸铝、滑石、白云石、硅酸盐矿物以及其组合。
15.一种外部隔热和饰面系统(EIFS)中的顶涂层,其使用根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的涂料配制物形成。
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