CN113511929A - Multi-organic-matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device and composting process thereof - Google Patents

Multi-organic-matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device and composting process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113511929A
CN113511929A CN202110914464.3A CN202110914464A CN113511929A CN 113511929 A CN113511929 A CN 113511929A CN 202110914464 A CN202110914464 A CN 202110914464A CN 113511929 A CN113511929 A CN 113511929A
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China
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fermentation bin
fermentation
liquid collecting
aerobic composting
organic matter
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Inventor
裴占江
徐诚蛟
刘杰
宋锦东
李东玉
石洪影
史风梅
王粟
李鹏飞
于秋月
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Institute Of Rural Energy And Environmental Protection Heilongjiang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Harbin Boneng Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Institute Of Rural Energy And Environmental Protection Heilongjiang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Harbin Boneng Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110914464.3A priority Critical patent/CN113511929A/en
Publication of CN113511929A publication Critical patent/CN113511929A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/986—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being liquid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device, which comprises a fermentation bin, a plurality of frame rods, a plurality of telescopic rods, a semipermeable membrane, a liquid collecting tank, a liquid collecting pipe, a spray pipe, a blower and an aeration pipe, wherein the fermentation bin is provided with a plurality of frame rods; wherein the rack rod is arched and is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin; the telescopic rods are arranged between the adjacent frame rods; the semipermeable membrane is arranged above the hack lever; the liquid collecting pool is arranged underground outside the fermentation bin; one end of the liquid collecting pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the liquid collecting pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin and is connected with the liquid collecting pool; one end of the spray pipe is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the spray pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin and is connected with the liquid collecting tank; the blower is arranged on the ground outside the fermentation bin; one end of the aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the aeration pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin to be connected with the air blower. The invention is beneficial to the heat preservation of the fermentation pile body, does not influence the biological decomposition of the multi-element organic matters, and has the advantages of preventing the odor from escaping, reducing the occupied area, reducing the investment and the operation cost, and the like.

Description

Multi-organic-matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device and composting process thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic matter composting, in particular to a multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device and a composting process thereof.
Background
Along with the development of society and the improvement of living standard of people, the output of organic waste is also getting bigger and bigger, and the treatment is also getting more difficult.
Common organic wastes include kitchen wastes, livestock and poultry excrements, and plant straws, etc. The kitchen waste refers to waste generated in activities such as daily life, food processing, food service, unit catering and the like of residents, and comprises discarded vegetable leaves, leftovers, fruit peels, egg shells, tea leaves, bones and the like, and the kitchen waste is mainly obtained from household kitchens, restaurants, dining halls, markets and other industries related to food processing. The kitchen waste contains extremely high moisture and organic matters, is easy to rot and generate stink, can be converted into new resources through proper treatment and processing, can be used as fertilizer and feed after strict treatment due to the characteristic of high organic matter content, can also generate biogas to be used as fuel or power generation, and can be used for preparing biofuel from the grease part.
The livestock and poultry manure mainly refers to rural solid waste generated in livestock and poultry breeding industry, and comprises pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure and the like. On the one hand, the livestock breeding which is too concentrated causes the output of livestock manure in partial areas to be overlarge, the traditional fertilization treatment mode can not be consumed, and a large amount of livestock manure is stacked to cause serious pollution to the atmosphere, soil and water environment. On the other hand, due to the rapid development of the fertilizer industry, people use a large amount of fertilizers, so that a large amount of organic manure is left unused, the soil basic nutrients gradually decline in local places, and the livestock manure cannot be returned to the field in time, thereby forming the pollution of the livestock manure to the environment.
Plant stalks are a generic term for the stem and leaf (ear) parts of mature crops, usually referred to as the remainder of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, cotton, sugar cane and other crops (usually coarse grain) after harvesting the seeds. With the development of agricultural production, the grain yield is greatly improved and the quantity of straws is large since the 80 s of the 20 th century in China, and a great amount of surplus straws are available in rural areas by the popularization of firewood and coal saving technology and the popularization of coal burning and liquefied gas use.
The aerobic composting is a process of utilizing aerobic bacteria in organic solid wastes (such as kitchen garbage, livestock and poultry manure, plant straws and the like) to carry out high-temperature fermentation, maintaining the composting temperature above 50 ℃ for at least 5 days, killing pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ova and weed seeds at high temperature, degrading organic matters and finally converting the organic matters into stable humus. Compared with other treatment methods such as landfill and incineration, the aerobic composting has the advantages of less construction investment, low operation cost, no secondary pollution and the like, and the fermented product can be used as a fertilizer for farmlands and is suitable for the national conditions of the agricultural kingdom in China.
However, almost all aerobic composting systems cover a layer of arched membrane on the surface of a pile body at present, and have the advantages that the odor such as nitrogen dioxide, ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like generated by fermentation can not overflow, the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is improved, and the aerobic composting system is relatively friendly to the environment. Meanwhile, the arched membrane is easy to allow water vapor generated by the pile body to permeate out, so that a large amount of water in the pile body is lost, and the water content of the pile body is quickly reduced, so that the activity of aerobic microorganisms is influenced, the degradation of organic matters is slowed, and the composting time is prolonged.
Therefore, how to provide an aerobic composting device suitable for multiple organic matters is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an aerobic composting apparatus with mixed multi-organic matter and a composting process thereof, so as to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device comprises a fermentation bin, a plurality of frame rods, a plurality of telescopic rods, a semipermeable membrane, a liquid collecting tank, a liquid collecting pipe, a spray pipe, a blower and an aeration pipe; wherein the rack rod is arched and is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin; the telescopic rods are arranged between the adjacent frame rods; the semipermeable membrane is arranged above the hack lever; the liquid collecting pool is arranged underground outside the fermentation bin; one end of the liquid collecting pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the liquid collecting pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin and is connected with the liquid collecting pool; one end of the spray pipe is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the spray pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin and is connected with the liquid collecting tank; the blower is arranged on the ground outside the fermentation bin; one end of the aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the aeration pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin to be connected with the air blower.
Further, the aerobic composting device with the multi-organic matter mixed and coated film further comprises a controller, wherein the controller is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic rod and is electrically connected with the telescopic rod.
The fermentation chamber has the beneficial effects that the fermentation chamber can be opened and closed freely through the arrangement of the frame rod, the telescopic rod and the controller, so that the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation chamber can be controlled.
Further, the aerobic composting device with the multi-organic matter mixed and coated film further comprises a spray pump, and the spray pump is arranged between the liquid collecting tank and the spray pipe. Furthermore, the multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device also comprises a plurality of spray headers, and the spray headers are all arranged on the spray pipes.
The method has the advantages that the percolate generated in the fermentation process can flow back to the fermentation pile body through the arrangement of the liquid collecting pool, the liquid collecting pipe, the spray pump, the spray pipe and the spray head, so that the moisture is kept, the continuous stability of the fermentation microorganisms in the highest activity state is ensured, the composting process is accelerated, and the composting time is shortened.
Further, the aerobic composting device with the multi-organic matter mixed and coated film further comprises a plurality of aeration heads, and the aeration heads are arranged on the aeration pipes.
The further technical scheme has the advantages that the oxygen supply is sufficient and uniform in transmission through the arrangement of the air blower, the aeration pipe and the aeration head, so that the fermentation rate is improved, and odor generated by anaerobic fermentation is avoided.
Further, above-mentioned mixed tectorial membrane aerobic composting device of many first organic matters still includes temperature sensor, humidity transducer and oxygen concentration sensor, and temperature sensor, humidity transducer and oxygen concentration sensor all set up on the inner wall in fermentation storehouse, and all are connected with electrical system.
The fermentation chamber has the beneficial effects that the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation chamber can be monitored at any time through the arrangement of the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor, so that the normal and stable fermentation process is ensured.
Further, the bottom slope of the fermentation bin is 3-6 degrees.
The fermentation heap body is provided with a bottom slope, and the bottom slope is arranged on the bottom of the fermentation heap body.
Further, the distance between adjacent frame rods is 35-45 cm.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effect that the distance between the adjacent frame rods can ensure the smooth opening and closing of the telescopic rod.
Further, the semi-permeable membrane is an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane is made of polytetrafluoroethylene resin through special processing methods such as stretching, is white, rich in elasticity and flexibility, has a net structure formed by connecting microfine fibers, and the microfine fibers form countless pores, so that the expanded PTFE can be bent freely. Through the setting of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, the odor such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide, ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like generated in the fermentation process can be ensured not to overflow, the nitrogen content of the fermentation product (organic fertilizer) is improved, and the environment friendliness is realized.
A composting process of the multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically dehydrating the multielement organic matter until the water content is 50% -60%, so as to obtain dehydrated multielement organic matter;
wherein the multiple organic matters are at least one of kitchen garbage, livestock and poultry manure and plant straws;
(2) adding a compost conditioner into the dehydrated multi-component organic matter, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving to obtain mixed particles;
the compost conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of rice hull, 30-40 parts of activated carbon, 10-20 parts of calcium chloride, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate and 3-8 parts of zeolite;
(3) adding the mixed particles into a multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device, closing a semi-permeable film, forming a closed fermentation space, fermenting for 20-25 days, and spraying and aerating until the fermentation is finished.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aerobic composting device for the multi-organic matter mixed film covering is beneficial to the heat preservation of the fermented compost, ensures the air exchange and the water evaporation in the fermentation process, does not influence the biological decomposition of the multi-organic matter, and has the advantages of preventing the odor from escaping, reducing the occupied area, reducing the investment and the operation cost and the like.
2. The composting process can shorten the time required by the fermentation of the multielement organic matters in the fermentation bin, thereby increasing the treatment efficiency of aerobic composting and reducing the composting cost.
3. The compost conditioner selected by the invention can effectively reduce odor substances (such as VOCs and NH) in the composting process3And H2S), increases the nitrogen nutrient content in the compost, and has simple and convenient use, obvious deodorization and nitrogen retention effects, less harmful substances and wide applicability.
4. The water content of the composted product (organic fertilizer) is low, and the composted product (organic fertilizer) can be directly returned to the field for utilization, so that the waste is really turned into wealth.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a spray header and an aeration header provided by the invention.
The fermentation device comprises a fermentation bin 1, a frame rod 2, a telescopic rod 3, a semipermeable membrane 4, a liquid collecting tank 5, a liquid collecting pipe 6, a spray pipe 7, a blower 8, an aerator pipe 9, a controller 10, a spray pump 11, a spray head 12 and an aerator head 13.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device, which comprises a fermentation bin 1, a plurality of frame rods 2, a plurality of telescopic rods 3, a semipermeable membrane 4, a liquid collecting tank 5, a liquid collecting pipe 6, a spray pipe 7, a blower 8 and an aeration pipe 9, wherein the frame rods 2 and the telescopic rods 3 are arranged on the fermentation bin; wherein, the frame rod 2 is arch-shaped, and the frame rod 2 is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin 1; the telescopic rods 3 are arranged between the adjacent frame rods 2; the semipermeable membrane 4 is arranged above the hack lever 2; the liquid collecting tank 5 is arranged underground outside the fermentation bin 1; one end of the liquid collecting pipe 6 is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin 1, and the other end of the liquid collecting pipe passes through the fermentation bin 1 and is connected with the liquid collecting pool 5; one end of the spray pipe 7 is arranged at the top of the fermentation chamber 1, and the other end of the spray pipe passes through the fermentation chamber 1 and is connected with the liquid collecting tank 5; the blower 8 is arranged on the ground outside the fermentation bin 1; one end of the aeration pipe 9 is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber 1, and the other end passes through the fermentation chamber 1 and is connected with the blower 8.
In one embodiment, the aerobic composting device with multiple organic compounds mixed and coated also comprises a controller 10, and the controller 10 is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic rod 3 and is electrically connected with the telescopic rod 3. According to the invention, the frame rod 2, the telescopic rod 3 and the controller 10 are arranged, so that the fermentation bin 1 can be opened and closed freely, and the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation bin 1 can be controlled conveniently.
In one embodiment, the aerobic composting device for multi-organic matter mixed coating further comprises a spray pump 11, and the spray pump 11 is arranged between the liquid collecting tank 5 and the spray pipe 7. In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the aerobic composting device for multi-organic compound mixed coating further comprises a plurality of spray headers 12, and the spray headers 12 are all arranged on the spray pipes 7. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the liquid collecting tank 5, the liquid collecting pipe 6, the spray pump 11, the spray pipe 7 and the spray head 12, percolate generated in the fermentation process can flow back to the fermentation pile body, so that water is preserved, the continuous stability of fermentation microorganisms in the highest activity state is ensured, the composting process is accelerated, and the composting time is shortened.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment, the aerobic composting apparatus for multi-organic matter mixed coating further comprises a plurality of aeration heads 13, and the aeration heads 13 are all disposed on the aeration pipe 9. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the blower 8, the aeration pipe 9 and the aeration head 13, the sufficient oxygen supply and uniform transmission can be ensured, so that the fermentation rate is improved, and the generation of odor caused by anaerobic fermentation is avoided.
In one embodiment, the aerobic composting device with multiple organic compound mixed and coated further comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor (not shown), wherein the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor are all arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation bin 1 and are all connected with the electronic control system. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor, the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation bin 1 can be monitored at any time, so that the normal and stable fermentation process is ensured.
In one embodiment, the bottom slope of the fermentation chamber 1 is 3-6 °. According to the invention, by arranging the bottom gradient, water vapor formed on the semipermeable membrane 4 can be collected to the liquid collecting tank 5 after dropping, and then flows back to the fermentation pile body by spraying, so that water loss is avoided.
In one embodiment, the distance between adjacent hanger bars 2 is 35-45 cm. The distance between the adjacent frame rods 2 can ensure the smooth opening and closing of the telescopic rod 3.
In one embodiment, the semi-permeable membrane 4 is an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) film is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin by a special processing method such as stretching, and has a white color, high elasticity and flexibility, and a network structure formed by connecting fine fibers, and the fine fibers form numerous fine pores, so that the expanded PTFE can be bent arbitrarily. Through the setting of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, the odor such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide, ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like generated in the fermentation process can be ensured not to overflow, the nitrogen content of the fermentation product (organic fertilizer) is improved, and the environment friendliness is realized.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a composting process of the multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically dehydrating the multielement organic matter until the water content is 55 percent to obtain dehydrated multielement organic matter;
wherein the multiple organic matters are a mixture of kitchen garbage, livestock and poultry manure and plant straws;
(2) adding a compost conditioner into the dehydrated multi-component organic matter, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving to obtain mixed particles;
wherein, every 100kg of compost conditioner comprises the following raw materials by weight: 35kg of rice hull, 35kg of activated carbon, 10kg of calcium chloride, 15kg of calcium superphosphate and 5kg of zeolite;
(3) adding the mixed particles into a multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device, closing the semi-permeable membrane 4, fermenting for 22 days after forming a closed fermentation space, and spraying and aerating until the fermentation is finished.
The embodiment of the invention also carries out performance test:
1. national Standard test
Taking the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment, ventilating and forming for a period of time to reduce the water content to be below 30% to prepare a commercial organic fertilizer, and then respectively measuring the appearance index, the technical index and the heavy metal limit index according to the detection method and the index in NY 525 and 2012 ' organic fertilizer standard of agriculture industry of the people's republic of China '. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 example national standard test results of organic fertilizer
Figure BDA0003204767890000091
As can be seen from Table 1, the appearance index, the technical index and the heavy metal limit index of the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the invention all meet the detection index of NY 525-.
2. Detection of organic fertilizer parameters
The organic fertilizer prepared in the example is taken, and the composting time, total nitrogen content and NH are respectively carried out on the organic fertilizer3Removal rate and H2And testing the S removal rate. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 detection results of organic fertilizer parameters in examples
Detecting items Examples
Composting time (sky) 22
Total nitrogen content (%) 2.9
VOCs removal Rate (%) 96
NH3Removal Rate (%) 94
H2S removal Rate (%) 91
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention can obviously shorten the composting time and improve the total nitrogen content, VOCs removal rate and NH of the organic fertilizer3Removal rate and H2And (4) the removal rate of S.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aerobic composting device for the multi-organic matter mixed film covering is beneficial to the heat preservation of the fermented compost, ensures the air exchange and the water evaporation in the fermentation process, does not influence the biological decomposition of the multi-organic matter, and has the advantages of preventing the odor from escaping, reducing the occupied area, reducing the investment and the operation cost and the like.
2. The composting process can shorten the time required by the fermentation of the multi-element organic matters in the fermentation bin 1, thereby increasing the treatment efficiency of aerobic composting and reducing the composting cost.
3. The compost conditioner selected by the invention can effectively reduce odor substances (such as VOCs and NH) in the composting process3And H2S), increases the nitrogen nutrient content in the compost, and has simple and convenient use, obvious deodorization and nitrogen retention effects, less harmful substances and wide applicability.
4. The water content of the composted product (organic fertilizer) is low, and the composted product (organic fertilizer) can be directly returned to the field for utilization, so that the waste is really turned into wealth.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device is characterized by comprising a fermentation bin, a plurality of frame rods, a plurality of telescopic rods, a semipermeable membrane, a liquid collecting tank, a liquid collecting pipe, a spray pipe, a blower and an aeration pipe;
the frame rod is arched and is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin;
the telescopic rods are arranged between the adjacent frame rods;
the semi-permeable membrane is arranged above the hack lever;
the liquid collecting pool is arranged underground outside the fermentation bin;
one end of the liquid collecting pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the liquid collecting pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin and is connected with the liquid collecting pool;
one end of the spray pipe is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the spray pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin and is connected with the liquid collecting pool;
the blower is arranged on the ground outside the fermentation bin;
one end of the aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, and the other end of the aeration pipe penetrates through the fermentation bin to be connected with the air blower.
2. The aerobic composting device with mixed multi-organic matter and mulching of claim 1 further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is disposed at the end of the telescopic rod and is electrically connected to the telescopic rod.
3. The aerobic composting device with multi-organic compound mixed and coated as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a spray pump, wherein the spray pump is arranged between the liquid collecting tank and the spray pipe.
4. The aerobic composting device with multi-organic compound mixed and coated as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a plurality of spray headers, wherein the spray headers are all arranged on the spray pipes.
5. The aerobic composting device of claim 4 further comprising a plurality of aeration heads, wherein the aeration heads are disposed on the aeration pipes.
6. The aerobic composting device with multi-organic compound mixed and coated as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor, wherein the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor are all arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber and are all connected with an electric control system.
7. The aerobic composting device with mixed multi-organic matter and mulching as claimed in claim 6, wherein the bottom slope of the fermentation bin is 3-6 °.
8. The aerobic composting device with multi-organic compound mixed and coated as claimed in claim 7, wherein the distance between the adjacent frame rods is 35-45 cm.
9. The aerobic composting device of claim 8 wherein the semi-permeable membrane is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
10. A composting process of the aerobic composting device with multi-organic matter mixed and coated as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mechanically dehydrating the multielement organic matter until the water content is 50% -60%, so as to obtain dehydrated multielement organic matter;
wherein the multi-element organic matter is at least one of kitchen garbage, livestock and poultry manure and plant straws;
(2) adding a compost conditioner into the dehydrated multi-component organic matter, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving to obtain mixed particles;
wherein the compost conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of rice hull, 30-40 parts of activated carbon, 10-20 parts of calcium chloride, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate and 3-8 parts of zeolite;
(3) adding the mixed particles into a multi-organic matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device, closing a semi-permeable film, forming a closed fermentation space, fermenting for 20-25 days, and spraying and aerating until the fermentation is finished.
CN202110914464.3A 2021-08-10 2021-08-10 Multi-organic-matter mixed film-coated aerobic composting device and composting process thereof Pending CN113511929A (en)

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