CN113509936A - 负载于复合凝胶载体上的甲醇合成催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
负载于复合凝胶载体上的甲醇合成催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017773 Cu-Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940024545 aluminum hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940024546 aluminum hydroxide gel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;trihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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Abstract
本发明提供一种负载于凝胶载体上的甲醇合成催化剂制备方法。属于催化剂制备技术领域。用共沉淀方法制得Cu、Zn母体;将铝盐溶液与碱、聚乙二醇组成的复合沉淀剂共沉淀得到溶胶溶液;在复合溶胶溶液加入1%~5%(wt.)的凝胶诱发剂环氧丙烷,再进行0.5h~5h老化处理,最终得到复合凝胶载体;再将母体负载于此复合凝胶载体上,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂成品。采用本发明方法制备的合成甲醇催化剂,比表面积较大,粗醇中的总杂质含量降低,催化剂活性和热稳定性更好。适用于含有CO、CO2和H2的合成气制甲醇。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂制备技术领域,具体涉及一种负载于复合凝胶载体上的甲醇合成催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
随着石油资源的逐渐减少,化石能源日益紧缺,石油价格不断攀升。在高油价时代,甲醇作为基础化工原料和新能源越来越受到重视。甲醇的应用领域不断地扩展,其需求量也在不断扩大,发展甲醇工业有着良好的前景。
甲醇合成催化剂是合成甲醇工业技术水平高低的关键技术之一。
催化剂基本采用Cu-Zn-Al体系,其中铜、锌氧化物被称为活性母体,氧化铝为载体。氧化铝的加入形式可以是成品氧化铝,也可是氢氧化铝。
目前也有采用氨水、氢氧化钠等碱性沉淀剂与可溶性铝盐共沉淀的方法制备氢氧化铝胶,胶状的载体比粉末和溶液状载体具用更大的比表面,但采用氨水沉淀剂会产生相对较难处理的氨氮废水,对环境造成一定影响;而氢氧化钠的加入也会造成催化剂中Na2O含量增高,影响到催化剂的活性和选择性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种负载于复合凝胶载体上的甲醇合成催化剂制备方法,属于催化剂制备技术领域。
本发明的特点是制备出的复合凝胶载体,比商品氧化铝载体具有较大的比表面;不采用氨水、氢氧化钠作为沉淀剂,对环境友好,同时也不增加催化剂本体杂质Na含量。负载于此凝胶载体上制备出的甲醇合成催化剂活性、选择性、热稳定性更好。
本发明所述甲醇合成催化剂制备方法,其具体步骤如下:(1) 铜锌混合液与沉淀剂共沉淀,得到Cu、Zn母体;(2)将铝盐加入到一定温度的去离子水中,配成铝盐溶液; (3)将碱与去离子水、聚乙二醇按一定比例混合均匀,加热,配制成碱性复合沉淀剂;(4)将步骤(3)得到的沉淀剂与步骤(2)铝盐溶液共沉淀,控制加料速度,沉淀温度,沉淀终点pH值,得到白色均匀的复合溶胶溶液; (5)在复合溶胶溶液加入凝胶诱发剂,混合均匀,再进行老化处理,最终得到复合凝胶载体。(6) 母体负载于此复合凝胶载体上,混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
一般地,所述甲醇合成催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于所用的铝盐为硝酸铝或醋酸铝。
所述步骤(1)中铜锌混合液,1L溶液可含有Cu(NO3) 2120g~180g,和Zn(NO3)280g ~130g。
所述步骤(2)中铝盐溶液浓度为10~50g/L。
所述步骤(3)中碱为氢氧化钾或碳酸钾。
所述步骤(3)中碱、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:(45~90) :(0.5~2)
所述步骤(4)中沉淀速度为10ml/min~100ml/min,温度20℃~50℃,终点pH值7.0~7.2。
所述步骤(5)所述凝胶诱发剂为环氧丙烷。
所述步骤(5)中凝胶诱发剂加入量为铝盐量1%~5%。
所述步骤(5)中老化时间为0.5~5h。
所述氧化铝载体加入量为母体的5%~10%(wt.)。
按照本方法制备的甲醇合成催化剂比表面积较大,粗醇中的总杂质含量降低,催化剂活性和热稳定性更好。
具体实施方式
以下实施例和对比例只为进一步解释本发明的内容和说明本发明的效果,本发明方法效果不限于此。
对比例1
将1L含有120gCu(NO3)2和115gZn(NO3)2的混合液与碱溶液共沉淀,得到催化剂母体;加入6.4gAl2O3载体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
实施例2
将12.4gAl(NO3)3溶解于500ml40℃去离子水中,用氢氧化钾、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:45:1的沉淀剂中和该Al(NO3)3溶液,沉淀温度30℃,沉淀速度15ml/min至终点pH=7.0制成氧化铝溶胶,再在此溶胶中加入0.1g 环氧丙烷,混合搅拌均匀,老化1h,得到复合凝胶载体。再将此凝胶与铜、锌活性母体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
实施例3
将10.9gAl(NO3)3溶解于500ml40℃去离子水中,用氢氧化钾、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:60:0.8的沉淀剂中和该Al(NO3)3溶液,沉淀温度30℃,沉淀速度40ml/min至终点pH=7.0制成氧化铝溶胶,再在此溶胶中加入0.12g 环氧丙烷,混合搅拌均匀,老化1.5h,得到复合凝胶载体。再将此凝胶与铜、锌活性母体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
对比例2
将1L含有135gCu(NO3)2和115gZn(NO3)2的混合液与碱溶液共沉淀,得到催化剂母体;加入4.6gAl2O3载体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
实施例3
将8.9g醋酸铝溶解于500ml60℃去离子水中,用碳酸钾、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:60:1.8的沉淀剂中和该醋酸铝溶液,沉淀温度40℃,沉淀速度10ml/min至终点pH=7.2制成氧化铝溶胶,再在此溶胶中加入0.08g环氧丙烷,混合搅拌均匀,老化2h,得到复合凝胶载体。再将此凝胶与铜、锌活性母体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
实施例4
将10.2g醋酸铝溶解于500ml60℃去离子水中,用碳酸钾、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:50:0.75的沉淀剂中和该醋酸铝溶液,沉淀温度50℃,沉淀速度25ml/min至终点pH=7.2制成氧化铝溶胶,再在此溶胶中加入0.15g环氧丙烷,混合搅拌均匀,老化0.5h,得到复合凝胶载体。再将此凝胶与铜、锌活性母体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
对比例3
将1L含有180gCu(NO3)2和85gZn(NO3)2的混合液与碱溶液共沉淀,得到催化剂母体;加入8.0gAl2O3载体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
实施例5
将13.4g硝酸铝溶解于500ml60℃去离子水中,用氢氧化钾、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:90:0.8的沉淀剂中和该硝酸铝溶液,沉淀温度20℃,沉淀速度6ml/min至pH=7.1制成氧化铝溶胶,再在此溶胶中加入0.15g环氧丙烷,混合搅拌均匀,老化5h,得到复合凝胶载体。再将此凝胶与铜、锌活性母体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
实施例6
将9.4g硝酸铝溶解于500ml50℃去离子水中,用氢氧化钾、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:90:1.8的沉淀剂中和该硝酸铝溶液,沉淀温度45℃,沉淀速度60ml/min至pH=7.1制成氧化铝溶胶,再在此溶胶中加入0.31g环氧丙烷,混合搅拌均匀,老化3.5h,得到复合凝胶载体。再将此凝胶与铜、锌活性母体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
对比例4
将1L含有140gCu(NO3)2和120gZn(NO3)2的混合液与碱溶液共沉淀,得到催化剂母体;加入3.6gAl2O3载体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
实施例7
将6.4g硝酸铝溶解于500ml45℃去离子水中,用氢氧化钾、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:80:1.5的沉淀剂中和该硝酸铝溶液,沉淀温度35℃,沉淀速度65ml/min至pH=7.0制成氧化铝溶胶,再在此溶胶中加入0.2g环氧丙烷,混合搅拌均匀,老化0.5h,得到复合凝胶载体。再将此凝胶与铜、锌活性母体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
实施例8
将5.9g硝酸铝溶解于500ml55℃去离子水中,用氢氧化钾、去离子水和聚乙二醇摩尔比为1:75:2.0的沉淀剂中和该硝酸铝溶液,沉淀温度40℃,沉淀速度95ml/min至pH=7.0制成氧化铝溶胶,再在此溶胶中加入0.28g环氧丙烷,混合搅拌均匀,老化3.5h,得到复合凝胶载体。再将此凝胶与铜、锌活性母体混合打浆,得到催化剂浆料;通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂样品。
对上述制得的合成甲醇催化剂成品进行综合性能测试。
催化剂活性检测条件如下:
催化剂样品:粒度为 0.425 mm ~1.180mm;
催化剂装填量:2mL;
样品活化:样品在检测活性之前,用还原气(H2:N2=3:97)还原,温度从室温以20℃/h的速率程序升温至230℃,并保持2h。
活性检测:还原后的样品,通入合成气(合成气浓度,%(v/v):CO3.8~4.2,CO20.7~1.0,H255~65,其余为N2),在压力5.0MPa、230℃和20000h-1空速条件下,测定初活性(以CO转化率表示)。然后样品经受350℃、20h的耐热处理,再恢复到上述同一条件下,测定耐热后的活性,以表征样品热稳定性的高低。
活性测试及比表面积见下表。其中样品1-2、1-3、2-2、2-3、3-2、3-3、4-2、4-3本发明制备方法制备,样品1-1、2-1、3-1、4-1为相应参比样。
催化剂性能测试结果
由表可以看出,与参比样相比,采用本发明方法制备的甲醇合成催化剂,比表面积较大,粗醇中的总杂质含量降低,催化剂活性和热稳定性更好。
Claims (10)
1.一种负载于复合凝胶载体上的甲醇合成催化剂的制备方法,具体为:铜锌混合液与沉淀剂共沉淀,得到Cu、Zn二元母体,将铝盐溶液与碱性复合沉淀剂共沉淀得到复合溶胶,在复合溶胶中加入凝胶诱发剂,再进行老化处理,最终得到复合凝胶载体,将母体负载在此复合凝胶载体上,得到催化剂三元浆料,通过喷雾干燥进行造粒和干燥,最后对上述焙烧后粒子进行打片成型,制得催化剂成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述1L铜锌混合液中含有
Cu(NO3)2120g~180g,和Zn(NO3)280g~130g,1L铝盐溶液中含有硝酸铝或醋酸铝10~50g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述碱性复合沉淀剂为碱与去离子水、聚乙二醇的混合溶液。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述碱性复合沉淀剂中碱与去离子水、聚乙二醇的摩尔比为1:(45~90) :(0.5~2)。
5.根据权利要求1、3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于碱性复合沉淀剂中碱为氢氧化钾或碳酸钾。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于铝盐溶液与碱性复合沉淀剂共沉淀过程沉淀速度为10ml/min~100ml/min,温度20℃~50℃,终点pH值7.0~7.2。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述凝胶诱发剂为环氧丙烷。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述凝胶诱发剂加入量为铝盐量1%~5%(wt.)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于老化时间为0.5h ~5h。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于氧化铝载体加入量为二元母体的5%~10%(wt.)。
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