CN113500836A - 生物基环保片材、制备方法及利用其制备的餐盒 - Google Patents
生物基环保片材、制备方法及利用其制备的餐盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物基环保片材、制备方法及利用其制备的餐盒，生物基环保片材为ABA三层结构，上表层和下表层为聚烯烃材料，中心层为聚烯烃和淀粉母粒的混合物，淀粉母粒在中心层的质量占比为30～60％，由普通挤出机和行星螺杆挤出采用共挤方式连接分配器、模头来进行挤片，餐盒包括盒体和盒盖，盒体和盒盖均由前述的生物基环保片材吸塑成型，盒体连接盒盖的一端设置有密封槽，盒体连接盒盖的一侧表面设置有密封条，密封槽与密封条相互卡接。本发明的生物基环保片材及其制备的餐盒通过ABA夹层结构设计可有效减少塑料的使用，且可防止淀粉在使用过程中析出，行星螺杆挤出机增加粉体挤出片材的塑化性，在设备加工温度上油路冷却系统做到更准确地温控。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保餐盒领域，尤其涉及一种生物基环保片材、制备方法及利用其制备的餐盒。
背景技术
饭盒是一种专门用来装饭菜的盒子，也称便当盒，大多用铝、不锈钢、塑料制成，饭盒包括塑料饭盒、保温饭盒、普通饭盒；保温饭盒是在普通的饭盒外加设了保温外壳，有内外两层中充填泡沫塑料，再在内层镀以金属薄膜构成。从传导、辐射、对流三个方面减少热量的损失。现有餐盒大多为传统塑料制品，如PP。使用到淀粉的，也只能做成单层中添加。
原有的塑料餐盒使用塑料较多，塑料较多不利于降解，且污染较大，长期使用纯塑料制成的餐盒具有一定危害，且多数方便袋使用后都是直接丢弃，污染环境，且方便袋的使用也不利于节约资源，使用传统塑料的，丢弃之后会成为塑料垃圾，有害环境。使用淀粉的，做出的产品性能有局限性，不能满足使用要求，影响使用体验。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种生物基环保片材、制备方法及利用其制备的餐盒，具有减少传统塑料的使用量，减小环境压力，增强环保材料餐盒的性能，满足使用要求，提高使用体验的特点。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种生物基环保片材，为ABA三层结构，包括上表层、中心层和下表层，所述中心层厚度占比为70～90％，上表层和下表层的厚度占比分别为5～15％；所述上表层和下表层为聚烯烃材料，所述中心层为聚烯烃和淀粉母粒的混合物，所述淀粉母粒在中心层的质量占比为30～60％。
进一步的，所述淀粉母粒包括如下质量比成分：淀粉25～65％，塑化剂5～10％，载体30～60％，相容剂5～15％，润滑剂1～3％，助剂0.1～1％，增韧剂0.1～1％，碳酸钙1～5％；所述淀粉为改性小麦淀粉、改性玉米淀粉中的一种或组合物；所述载体为LLDPE、HDPE、PP中的一种或多种的组合；所述相容剂为POE与选自马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、和取代的马来酸酐中的一种或多种的接枝组合。
进一步的，所述塑化剂为甘油、山梨醇、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
进一步的，所述LLDPE、HDPE、PP的熔融指数范围为5-30g/10min。
进一步的，所述润滑剂为PE蜡、棕榈蜡、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌中一种或多种。
进一步的，所述助剂选自抗氧剂和抗菌改性剂。
进一步的，所述增韧剂为硬脂酸甘油酯、ACR增韧剂一种或其组合物。
本发明还提供一种生物基环保片材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：制备淀粉母粒
按前述淀粉母粒的配比材料混合均匀，并加入到高混机中的料斗中常温搅拌15～30分钟，进行挤出造粒即可得到食品级淀粉母粒；
步骤二：片材制备
由一台普通挤出机和一台行星螺杆挤出机两台设备完成，两台设备采用共挤方式连接分配器、模头来进行挤片，行星螺杆挤出机完成淀粉母粒的塑化混合、挤片，行星螺杆挤出机完成中心层挤片，再通过分配器来增加上表层和下表层，包裹中心层片材。
进一步的，所述行星螺杆挤出机各区温度为：塑化区温度200℃，真空区温度190℃，压力区180℃。
本发明还提供一种生物基环保片材制备的餐盒，包括盒体和盒盖，所述盒体和盒盖均由前述的生物基环保片材吸塑成型，所述盒体连接盒盖的一端设置有密封槽，所述盒体连接所述盒盖的一侧表面设置有密封条，所述密封槽与密封条相互卡接。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的生物基环保片材及其制备的餐盒通过ABA夹层结构设计可有效减少塑料的使用，且可防止淀粉在使用过程中析出，不影响食品接触使用，也保证产品的物理性能，在保证餐盒原有特性的基础上降低塑料使用达到保护环境的作用，减小进入自然环境中的塑料垃圾量，行星螺杆挤出机增加粉体挤出片材的塑化性，在设备加工温度上油路冷却系统做到更准确地温控，并且制备片材过程中，塑化混合好的淀粉基母粒直接进入分配器中，省去造粒再挤出环节，节约能源。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步阐明。
图1为本发明的生物基环保片材的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的生物基环保片材制备餐盒的主视分解结构示意图；
图3为本发明的生物基环保片材制备餐盒的盒体结构示意图；
图4为本发明的生物基环保片材制备餐盒的主视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
结合图1，本发明的生物基环保片材，为ABA三层结构，包括上表层5、中心层6和下表层7，所述中心层6厚度占比为70～90％，上表层5和下表层7的厚度占比分别为5～15％；所述上表层5和下表层7为聚烯烃材料，所述中心层6为聚烯烃和淀粉母粒的混合物，所述淀粉母粒在中心层6的质量占比为30～60％。
本实施例优选地，所述淀粉母粒包括如下质量比成分：淀粉25～65％，塑化剂5～10％，载体30～60％，相容剂5～15％，润滑剂1～3％，助剂0.1～1％，增韧剂0.1～1％，碳酸钙1～5％；所述淀粉为改性小麦淀粉、改性玉米淀粉中的一种或组合物；所述载体为LLDPE、HDPE、PP中的一种或多种的组合；所述相容剂为POE与选自马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、和取代的马来酸酐中的一种或多种的接枝组合。
本实施例优选地，所述塑化剂为甘油、山梨醇、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
本实施例优选地，所述LLDPE、HDPE、PP的熔融指数范围为5-30g/10min。
本实施例优选地，所述润滑剂为PE蜡、棕榈蜡、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌中一种或多种。
本实施例优选地，所述助剂选自抗氧剂和抗菌改性剂。
本实施例优选地，所述增韧剂为硬脂酸甘油酯、ACR增韧剂一种或其组合物。
本发明还提供一种生物基环保片材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：制备淀粉母粒
按前述淀粉母粒的配比材料混合均匀，并加入到高混机中的料斗中常温搅拌15～30分钟，进行挤出造粒即可得到食品级淀粉母粒；
步骤二：片材制备
由一台普通挤出机和一台行星螺杆挤出机两台设备完成，两台设备采用共挤方式连接分配器、模头来进行挤片，行星螺杆挤出机完成淀粉母粒的塑化混合、挤片，行星螺杆挤出机完成中心层挤片，再通过分配器来增加上表层和下表层，包裹中心层片材。
进一步的，所述行星螺杆挤出机各区温度为：塑化区温度200℃，真空区温度190℃，压力区180℃。
结合图2-图4，本发明的生物基环保片材制备的餐盒包括盒体1和盒盖2，所述盒体1和盒盖2均由前述的生物基环保片材吸塑成型，所述盒体1连接盒盖2的一端设置有密封槽3，所述盒体1连接所述盒盖2的一侧表面设置有密封条4，所述密封槽3与密封条4相互卡接。
本实施例的生物基环保片材及其制备的餐盒通过ABA夹层结构设计可有效减少塑料的使用，且可防止淀粉在使用过程中析出，不影响食品接触使用，也保证产品的物理性能，在保证餐盒原有特性的基础上降低塑料使用达到保护环境的作用，减小进入自然环境中的塑料垃圾量，行星螺杆挤出机增加粉体挤出片材的塑化性，在设备加工温度上油路冷却系统做到更准确地温控，并且制备片材过程中，塑化混合好的淀粉基母粒直接进入分配器中，省去造粒再挤出环节，节约能源。
在以上的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是以上描述仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，因此本发明不受上面公开的具体实施的限制。同时任何熟悉本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种生物基环保片材，为ABA三层结构，包括上表层(5)、中心层(6)和下表层(7)，其特征在于：所述中心层(6)厚度占比为70～90％，上表层(5)和下表层(7)的厚度占比分别为5～15％；所述上表层(5)和下表层(7)为聚烯烃材料，所述中心层(6)为聚烯烃和淀粉母粒的混合物，所述淀粉母粒在中心层(6)的质量占比为30～60％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物基环保片材，其特征在于：所述淀粉母粒包括如下质量比成分：淀粉25～65％，塑化剂5～10％，载体30～60％，相容剂5～15％，润滑剂1～3％，助剂0.1～1％，增韧剂0.1～1％，碳酸钙1～5％；所述淀粉为改性小麦淀粉、改性玉米淀粉中的一种或组合物；所述载体为LLDPE、HDPE、PP中的一种或多种的组合；所述相容剂为POE与选自马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、和取代的马来酸酐中的一种或多种的接枝组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生物基环保片材，其特征在于：所述塑化剂为甘油、山梨醇、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的生物基环保片材，其特征在于：所述LLDPE、HDPE、PP的熔融指数范围为5-30g/10min。
5.根据权利要求2所述的生物基环保片材，其特征在于：所述润滑剂为PE蜡、棕榈蜡、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌中一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的生物基环保片材，其特征在于：所述助剂选自抗氧剂和抗菌改性剂。
7.根据权利要求2所述的生物基环保片材，其特征在于：所述增韧剂为硬脂酸甘油酯、ACR增韧剂一种或其组合物。
8.一种生物基环保片材的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
步骤一：制备淀粉母粒
按权利要求2中淀粉母粒的配比材料混合均匀，并加入到高混机中的料斗中常温搅拌15～30分钟，进行挤出造粒即可得到食品级淀粉母粒；
步骤二：片材制备
由一台普通挤出机和一台行星螺杆挤出机两台设备完成，两台设备采用共挤方式连接分配器、模头来进行挤片，行星螺杆挤出机完成淀粉母粒的塑化混合、挤片，行星螺杆挤出机完成中心层挤片，再通过分配器来增加上表层和下表层，包裹中心层片材。
9.根据权利要求8所述的生物基环保片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述行星螺杆挤出机各区温度为：塑化区温度200℃，真空区温度190℃，压力区180℃。
10.一种生物基环保片材制备的餐盒，其特征在于：包括盒体(1)和盒盖(2)，其特征在于：所述盒体(1)和盒盖(2)均由如权利要求1-7所述的生物基环保片材吸塑成型，所述盒体(1)连接盒盖(2)的一端设置有密封槽(3)，所述盒体(1)连接所述盒盖(2)的一侧表面设置有密封条(4)，所述密封槽(3)与密封条(4)相互卡接。
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