CN111716857A - 一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜、制备方法及其应用,由多层聚合物通过共挤出吹塑或共挤出流延方法复合形成,结构表达式为:A/(adh/C)n/B/(C/adh)n/A;式中:A表示表层,B表示阻隔层,adh表示粘结层,C表示附加层。其中阻隔层B为PVA‑EVOH的组合物,该组合物所含原料及各原料的重量份数为:PVA 40‑80份,EVOH 15‑30份,增塑剂5‑30份,热稳定剂0.5‑10份,金属盐0.1‑2份。A、C为热塑高分子聚合物。本发明薄膜具有优良的强度和阻氧阻水的阻隔性能,可用于各类食品、药品等包装领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料加工领域,尤其是涉及一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
据报道,世界每年生产约40亿吨食物,由于损失和浪费,30%至50%未被食用。药品浪费同样严重,每年我国因过期造成的药品浪费价值上千亿元。如何减少食品药品的损失和浪费是全球关注的重点。研究和分析食品药品的生产、加工、储存、流通、直到消费者手中的整个过程表明,使用高阻隔复合包装膜可以阻隔氧气和水汽,延长保质期,减少食品药品的损失和浪费,然而,整个复合膜产业发展过程中存在以下问题:常用的高阻隔复合膜价格太高;传统复合工艺中由于使用溶剂型粘合剂会产生大气污染、卫生安全等问题。
目前,铝箔及铝塑复合膜阻隔性能好,但不透明、耐折性差、成本高;PVDC具有良好的阻隔氧气和水蒸气的性能,涂层可热封,但其加工和废弃垃圾处理的过程中会产生HCI气体,即污染环境又污染被包装物,欧美等地区已经停止使用。
乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)具有优异的阻隔性能,热分解温度为158~189℃,但价格较高,导致其产品成本很高。CN 103009743 A的专利公开了一种十层共挤包装薄膜及其生产方法,其中,EVOH作为阻隔层,生产工艺复杂,产品成本高。聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种价格更低廉、阻隔性能更优异的高分子材料,食品和药物管理局已经批准PVA可以与食品密切接触。但目前PVA高分子链相邻羟基间易形成大量的分子内和分子间氢键,使其热分解温度(200-250℃)与熔点(226℃)接近,熔融时即发生热分解,因而难以热塑加工成膜,且PVA薄膜容易吸水,吸水后阻隔性能下降;同时,PVA加工时易发生凝胶现象堵塞口模。由于EVOH树脂与PVA树脂熔点相差较大,通常无法直接共混。CN 107163465 A的专利公开了一种高阻隔性涂层材料及其制备方法,材料包括改性EVOH薄膜,改性EVOH薄膜的内表面上涂布有PVA纳米TiO2溶胶,使用的是溶液涂覆法,流程复杂。因此,研发工艺简单的低成本可熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜包装尤为重要。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本申请人提供了一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜及其制备方法。本发明加入热稳定剂和金属盐来提高PVA的热分解温度,扩大PVA的熔融加工窗口,实现PVA与EVOH树脂的熔融加工,工艺简单;通过将PVA-EVOH组合树脂作为阻隔层,与其他树脂进行共挤成型,制备出的高阻隔薄膜成型工艺简单,在现有生产装置进行改造实现产业化,避免由于新工艺改变而进行大规模的投资;且阻隔层成本低廉,阻氧阻水效果好、力学性能优异,可用于各类食品、药品等包装领域。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜,由三层以上的聚合物通过共挤出吹塑或共挤出流延方法复合形成,所述聚合物包括树脂层,树脂层包括表层和阻隔层;所述的熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜的结构表达式为:A/(adh/C)n/B/(C/adh)n/A;n为0以上的整数;
式中:A表示表层,B表示阻隔层,adh表示粘结层,C表示附加层,A与C的材质相同或不同,两侧的表层A的材质相同或不同;A、C的材质为热塑高分子聚合物,所述阻隔层B的材质为PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物。
所述表层A、C为通用的热塑高分子聚合物,主要为PE,PP,PET,PVC,PS,PC,ABS,PA-6,PA-66,PU中的一种或两种以上组合;所述阻隔层B为PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物。
所述组合物所含原料及各原料的重量份数为:
进一步的,
所述PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物的加工熔点为160-190℃。
所述PVA为聚合度500-2400,醇解度为85-100%PVA0599、PVA1099、PVA1799中的一组或两种以上组合。
所述EVOH中乙烯的含量(摩尔分数)为20-45%,乙烯醇含量(摩尔分数)为55-80%。
所述增塑剂为二聚甘油、三聚甘油、五聚甘油、十聚甘油、山梨醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、缩水甘油、聚乙二醇中的一种或两种以上混合。
所述热稳定剂为单宁酸、羟基酪醇、鞣花酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、6,7-二羟基-4-甲基香豆素中的一种或两种以上混合。
所述金属盐为氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化锌、硝酸钙、硫酸钙、氯化铝中的一种或两种以上混合。
所述的PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物的制备方法具体过程为:
(1)将聚PVA、增塑剂、热稳定剂、金属盐分别按照所述重量份数称取,加入混合机中,充分混合均匀,制得预混料,在常温或升温的条件下进行一段时间的塑化;
(2)最后将塑化好的的预混料与EVOH混合,放入挤出机中,直接挤出造粒,制得PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物。
当共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜的树脂层为三层时,表层与阻隔层之间直接共挤热压成膜,无需添加粘结树脂连接。
当共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜的树脂层多于三层时,需在表层与次内层之间通过由粘结树脂组成的粘结层连接。
所述粘结树脂为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、沙林树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物中的一种或两种以上组合。
熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜是通过共挤出吹塑或共挤出流延方法复合形成,所采用的共挤出技术是同时多层挤出成形,即采用数台挤出机分别供给不同的熔融料流,将两种以上的热塑高分子聚合物与PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物分别经不同的挤出机机头挤出后在同一口模中进行复合,每一种聚合物在成品薄膜(片材)中各自形成性质不同的树脂层。
所述的一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜可用于各类食品、药品等包装领域。
本发明有益的技术效果在于:
(1)本发明阻隔层PVA-EVOH树脂中所使用的增塑剂、热稳定剂和金属盐环保且无毒,可用于食品和医用阻隔包装材料等领域。
(2)将PVA-EVOH树脂作为熔融挤出复合膜的阻隔层,降低了复合膜阻隔层的厚度及成本,减少了PVA因交联凝胶而堵塞口模停机的现象。
(3)通过将PVA-EVOH组合树脂作为阻隔层,与其他树脂进行共挤成型,制备出的高阻隔薄膜成型工艺简单,在现有生产装置进行改造实现产业化,避免由于新工艺改变而进行大规模的投资。
(4)本发明的熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜阻隔层成本低廉,阻氧阻水效果好、力学性能优异,可用于各类食品、药品等包装领域。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1
称取聚乙烯醇(中石化长城能源化工宁夏有限公司,牌号1799)45重量份、聚乙烯醇(中石化长城能源化工宁夏有限公司,牌号1099)5重量份、聚乙烯醇(中石化长城能源化工宁夏有限公司,牌号1799)5重量份、山梨醇15重量份、二聚甘油10重量份、单宁酸5重量份、氯化钙1重量份加入搅拌机中,充分混合均匀,制得预混料;然后再将预混料在60℃的烘箱里塑化3小时;最后将塑化好的预混料与乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物(长春石油化学股份有限公司,牌号EV4405,乙烯含量44mol%)20重量份混合,放入单螺杆挤出机中进行造粒,制得PVA-EVOH阻隔层树脂1。
实施例2
称取聚乙烯醇(中石化长城能源化工宁夏有限公司,牌号1799)45重量份、聚乙烯醇(中石化长城能源化工宁夏有限公司,牌号1099)5重量份、聚乙烯醇(中石化长城能源化工宁夏有限公司,牌号1799)5重量份、山梨醇15重量份、二聚甘油10重量份、单宁酸5重量份、氯化钙1重量份加入搅拌机中,充分混合均匀,制得预混料;然后再将预混料在60℃的烘箱里塑化3小时;最后将塑化好的预混料与乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物(长春石油化学股份有限公司,牌号EV3801,乙烯含量38mol%)20重量份混合放入单螺杆挤出机中进行造粒,制得PVA- EVOH阻隔层树脂2。
实施例3复合薄膜的结构式表达如下:
PET/PVA-EVOH阻隔层树脂1/PP,
其中,PET与PP为表层,PVA-EVOH阻隔层树脂1为阻隔层。
三台挤出机分别供给不同的熔融料流,PET机头温度为290℃,PVA-EVOH阻隔层树 脂1机头温度为180℃,PP机头温度为210℃,将两种热塑高分子聚合物PET、PP与PVA-EVOH阻 隔层树脂1分别经不同的挤出机机头挤出后在同一口模中进行复合。
实施例4
复合薄膜的结构式表达如下:
PA/TIE/PE/PVA-EVOH阻隔层树脂2/PE/TIE/PP,
其中,PA与PP为表层,PE为次内层,PVA-EVOH阻隔层树脂2为阻隔层TIE为粘合层,为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯。
七台挤出机分别供给不同的熔融料流,PA机头温度为280℃,PVA-EVOH阻隔层树脂 2机头温度为200℃,PE机头温度为170℃,PP机头温度为210℃,TIE层马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯机头温度为185℃,将上述物质分别经不同的挤出机机头挤出后在同一口模中进行复合。
比较例1
为PET薄膜。
比较例2
为PA薄膜。
比较例3
乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物(长春石油化学股份有限公司,牌号EV4405,乙烯含量44mol%)30重量份、山梨醇10重量份、氯化钙0.5重量份加入搅拌机中,充分混合均匀,制得预混料;然后再将预混料在60℃的烘箱里塑化3小时;最后将塑化好的预混料放入单螺杆挤出机中进行造粒,制得EVOH阻隔层树脂1。
比较例4
复合薄膜的结构式表达如下:
PET/EVOH阻隔层树脂1/PP,
其中,PET与PP为表层,EVOH阻隔层树脂1为阻隔层。
三台挤出机分别供给不同的熔融料流,PET机头温度为290℃,EVOH阻隔层树脂1机头温度为180℃,PP机头温度为210℃,将两种热塑高分子聚合物PET、PP与EVOH阻隔层树脂1分别经不同的挤出机机头挤出后在同一口模中进行复合。
比较例5
乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物(长春石油化学股份有限公司,牌号EV3801,乙烯含量38mol%)30重量份、山梨醇10重量份、氯化钙0.5重量份加入搅拌机中,充分混合均匀,制得预混料;然后再将预混料在60℃的烘箱里塑化3小时;最后将塑化好的预混料放入单螺杆挤出机中进行造粒,制得EVOH阻隔层树脂2。
比较例6
复合薄膜的结构式表达如下:
PA/TIE/PE/EVOH阻隔层树脂2/PE/TIE/PP,
其中,PA与PP为表层,PE为次内层,EVOH阻隔层树脂2为阻隔层TIE为粘合层,为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯。
七台挤出机分别供给不同的熔融料流,PA机头温度为280℃,EVOH阻隔层树脂2机头温度为200℃,PE机头温度为170℃,PP机头温度为210℃,TIE层马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯机头温度为185℃,将上述物质分别经不同的挤出机机头挤出后在同一口模中进行复合。
测试:
将本发明实施例和对比例所得的产品进行热压成型或直接剪裁制备标准样条,按GB/T 13022-1991标准进行拉伸性能测试,采用热失重分析仪和差失扫描量热仪测试其热分解温度、熔点,按GB/T 19789-2005标准测试氧气透过量(仪器检测值下限为0.1cm3/(m2·24h·0.1MPa)),测试结果见表1所示。
表1
由表1中数据可以看出,与比较例1、比较例4相比,实施例3中使用PVA-EVOH阻隔层 树脂1为阻隔层的复合薄膜具有更好的阻氧和阻水性能,且力学性能优异;同样的,与比较例2、比较例6相比,实施例4中使用PVA-EVOH阻隔层树脂2为阻隔层的复合薄膜具有更好的阻氧和阻水性能,力学性能优异。
所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,由三层以上的聚合物通过共挤出吹塑或共挤出流延方法复合形成,所述聚合物包括树脂层,树脂层包括表层和阻隔层;所述的熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜的结构表达式为:A/(adh/C)n/B/(C/adh)n/A;n为0以上的整数;
式中:A表示表层,B表示阻隔层,adh表示粘结层,C表示附加层,A与C的材质相同或不同,两侧的表层A的材质相同或不同;A、C的材质为热塑高分子聚合物,所述阻隔层B的材质为PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物的制备方法为:
(1)将聚PVA、增塑剂、热稳定剂、金属盐分别按照所述重量份数称取,加入混合机中,充分混合均匀,制得预混料,在常温或升温的条件下进行一段时间的塑化;
(2)最后将塑化好的的预混料与EVOH混合,放入挤出机中,直接挤出造粒,制得PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物。
5.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,当共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜的树脂层为三层时,表层与阻隔层之间直接共挤热压成膜,无需添加粘结树脂连接。
6.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,当共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜的树脂层多于三层时,需在表层与次内层之间通过由粘结树脂组成的粘结层连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜,其特征在于,粘结树脂为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、沙林树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物中的一种或两种以上组合;热塑高分子聚合物为PE、PP、PET、PVC、PS、PC、ABS、PA-6、PA-66、PU中的一种或两种以上组合。
8.一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜是通过共挤出吹塑或共挤出流延方法复合形成,所采用的共挤出技术是同时多层挤出成形,即采用数台挤出机分别供给不同的熔融料流,将两种以上的热塑高分子聚合物与PVA-EVOH高阻隔组合物分别经不同的挤出机机头挤出后在同一口模中进行复合,每一种聚合物在成品薄膜中各自形成性质不同的树脂层。
9.权利要求1~9所述的一种熔融共挤多层复合高阻隔薄膜的应用,其特征在于,薄膜用于各类食品、药品包装领域。
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