CN110774712A - 生物基复合材料片材的制备方法及该片材制作的吸塑托盘 - Google Patents
生物基复合材料片材的制备方法及该片材制作的吸塑托盘 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种生物基复合材料片材的制备方法及该片材制作的吸塑托盘，属于生物基复合材料片材的制备及其吸塑托盘技术领域。本发明的片材从内至外由三层不同组分的树脂组成。片材挤出设备由三台挤出机、控制设备、片材挤出机头、温度控制系统组成，可以按照实际需求保证片材产品具有严格的厚度和光泽度。片材产品整体的厚度从0.3～2毫米可调，其中外层的厚度为0.05～0.5毫米，占总质量的5～15％；内层的厚度为0.05～0.2毫米占总质量的3～10％，中层的厚度为0.2～2毫米，占总质量的70～90％，本发明提供的适用于吸塑托盘的可降解片材耐水、耐潮湿、抗菌防虫、强度可靠、外光精美、清洁环保，具有可控降解的能力，同时价格低廉，加工方便，适于大批量的工业生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物基复合材料片材的制备方法及该片材制作的吸塑托盘，属于生物基复合材料片材的制备及其吸塑托盘技术领域。
背景技术
目前市场上常见的吸塑托盘，如鸡蛋托、鲜果托盘等包装材料通常是由不可降解的通用树脂、发泡树脂制备而成。前述两种树脂制成的托盘成本较高，产品透气性差，不可降解，作为一次性使用的包装材料将会导致资源的浪费和环境的污染。
纸制托盘包装材料虽然可以完全降解，但不耐潮湿环境，易于滋生细菌，在生产过程中大量使用酸、碱作为加工助剂，耗费宝贵的木材资源，且会产生大量的工业污水。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，进而提供一种生物基复合材料片材的制备方法及该片材制作的吸塑托盘 。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种生物基复合材料片材的制备方法，
生物基复合材料片材从内至外由三层不同组分的树脂制成，其中，（一）外层树脂的组份为：PP50份（重量份，下同）、HDPE20份、云母粉10份、金红石钛白粉5份、贝壳粉5份、石蜡4份、硬脂酸锌2份、PP/PE共混相容剂2份和含有降解助剂的树脂母粒2份，按照上述组份将原料加入到塑料高混机中，90°C条件下混合30min，然后经由高混机进入冷混机，再使用双阶挤出机组挤出造粒，得到外层树脂母粒；（二）内层树脂的组份为：PP60份、HDPE15份、贝壳粉20份、白术提取物3份、石蜡1份和硬脂酸单甘油脂1份，按照上述组份将原料加入到塑料高混机中，90°C条件下混合30min，然后经由高混机进入冷混机，再使用双阶挤出机组挤出造粒，得到内层树脂母粒，备用；（三）中层树脂的组份为：PP40份、HDPE10份、重质碳酸钙10份、800目稻壳微粉30份、石蜡3份、硬脂酸锌3份、环氧大豆油2份和含有降解助剂的树脂母粒2份，将上述组份的原料加入到三层共挤片材挤出机组的主机（双阶挤出机）配套的塑料高混机中，在110°C条件下混合，在冷混机中冷却备用；（四）将内层树脂母粒和外层树脂母粒分别加入到片材挤出机组辅机的进料斗中，设置三辊压光机三辊温度分别为上辊75℃、中辊65℃、下辊55℃，待各区温度达到设定温度，恒温40分钟待挤出机机筒内物料完全熔融后，启动主机，先以 10~15 转/分的速度低速运转，物料挤出后，将物料引入三辊压光机，通过辅助裁切刀后进入牵引机进行卷取，并根据厚度要求调整三辊压光机辊筒间隙、牵引速度、卷取速度，按照三者的质量比为内层树脂：中层树脂：外层树脂=10：75：15的比例控制主机挤出机和辅机挤出机的进料速度，通过自动控制装置、压力控制装置和温控装置控制片材挤出模头稳定的运行，即可制得生物基复合材料片材。
一种生物基复合材料片材制作的吸塑托盘，将上述片材卷取后使用HV1228型全自动真空吸塑机进行吸塑成型：将片材安装于吸塑机上料架上，按顺序牵引片材穿入吸塑机进料导辊，进入设置吸塑机加热炉温度230℃，根据产品尺寸要求调整吸塑模具，启动吸塑机，调整主机速度至平稳，制成生物基复合材料吸塑托盘。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供的适用于吸塑托盘的可降解片材在结构上由三层组分不同的树脂组成。外层树脂的组分中树脂含量较高，具有较高的力学性能；含有层状滑石粉作为填充材料，能提高整体片材的隔水能力；外层树脂中润滑剂和增塑剂的含量较多，能够形成光洁的表面；组分中加入了色母、钛白粉、贝壳粉或大颗粒的稻壳粉（起装饰作用），可形成视觉效果好的外观。中层树脂是材料的主体，占材料重质量的70%以上，其组分是以生物质为填充材料的可生物降解生物合成树脂，具有可降解且降解可控的突出优点。中层树脂中，生物质含量较高，可达30~50%，可降低材料的成本；中层树脂中含有增粘成分，可使外层树脂、中层树脂和内层树脂牢固结合，提高材料的强度；中层树脂可根据需求适当的发泡或轻度发泡，降低制品的比重，使包装材料轻量化。内层树脂含有白术提取物可以起到抗菌防腐的作用，少量添加具有抗菌效果的贝壳粉作为填料，进一步提高内层与生鲜直接接触的表面的抗菌能力。内层树脂仅使用少量的增速剂和润滑剂，防止增塑剂缓释等问题，同时形成相对粗糙的表面，增加托盘产品与所承载材料之间的摩擦力，并保证接触面的空气流通性，防止生鲜腐坏。总体而言，本发明提供的适用于吸塑托盘的可降解片材耐水、耐潮湿、抗菌防虫、强度可靠、外光精美、清洁环保，具有可控降解的能力，同时价格低廉，加工方便，适于大批量的工业生产。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明做进一步的详细说明：本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
本实施例所涉及的一种生物基复合材料片材的制备方法，步骤如下：
生物基复合材料片材从内至外由三层不同组分的树脂制成，其中，（一）外层树脂的组份为：PP50份（重量份，下同）、HDPE20份、云母粉10份、金红石钛白粉5份、贝壳粉5份、石蜡4份、硬脂酸锌2份、PP/PE共混相容剂2份和含有降解助剂的树脂母粒2份，按照上述组份将原料加入到塑料高混机中，90°C条件下混合30min，然后经由高混机进入冷混机，再使用双阶挤出机组挤出造粒，得到外层树脂母粒；（二）内层树脂的组份为：PP60份、HDPE15份、贝壳粉20份、白术提取物3份、石蜡1份和硬脂酸单甘油脂1份，按照上述组份将原料加入到塑料高混机中，90°C条件下混合30min，然后经由高混机进入冷混机，再使用双阶挤出机组挤出造粒，得到内层树脂母粒，备用；（三）中层树脂的组份为：PP40份、HDPE10份、重质碳酸钙10份、800目稻壳微粉30份、石蜡3份、硬脂酸锌3份、环氧大豆油2份和含有降解助剂的树脂母粒2份，将上述组份的原料加入到三层共挤片材挤出机组的主机（双阶挤出机）配套的塑料高混机中，在110°C条件下混合，在冷混机中冷却备用；（四）将内层树脂母粒和外层树脂母粒分别加入到片材挤出机组辅机的进料斗中，设置三辊压光机三辊温度分别为上辊75℃、中辊65℃、下辊55℃，待各区温度达到设定温度，恒温40分钟待挤出机机筒内物料完全熔融后，启动主机，先以 10~15 转/分的速度低速运转，物料挤出后，将物料引入三辊压光机，通过辅助裁切刀后进入牵引机进行卷取，并根据厚度要求调整三辊压光机辊筒间隙、牵引速度、卷取速度，按照三者的质量比为内层树脂：中层树脂：外层树脂=10：75：15的比例控制主机挤出机和辅机挤出机的进料速度，通过自动控制装置、压力控制装置和温控装置控制片材挤出模头稳定的运行，即可制得生物基复合材料片材。
将上述片材卷取后使用HV1228型全自动真空吸塑机进行吸塑成型：将片材安装于吸塑机上料架上，按顺序牵引片材穿入吸塑机进料导辊，进入设置吸塑机加热炉温度230℃，根据产品尺寸要求调整吸塑模具，启动吸塑机，调整主机速度至平稳，制成生物基复合材料吸塑托盘。
生物基复合材料片材的整体厚度为0.3~2毫米，其中，外层的厚度为0.05~0.5毫米，内层的厚度为0.05~0.2毫米，中层的厚度为0.2~2毫米。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式，而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (3)
1.一种生物基复合材料片材的制备方法，其特征在于，
生物基复合材料片材从内至外由三层不同组分的树脂制成，其中，（一）外层树脂的组份为：PP50份、HDPE20份、云母粉10份、金红石钛白粉5份、贝壳粉5份、石蜡4份、硬脂酸锌2份、PP/PE共混相容剂2份和含有降解助剂的树脂母粒2份，按照上述组份将原料加入到塑料高混机中，90°C条件下混合30min，然后经由高混机进入冷混机，再使用双阶挤出机组挤出造粒，得到外层树脂母粒；（二）内层树脂的组份为：PP60份、HDPE15份、贝壳粉20份、白术提取物3份、石蜡1份和硬脂酸单甘油脂1份，按照上述组份将原料加入到塑料高混机中，90°C条件下混合30min，然后经由高混机进入冷混机，再使用双阶挤出机组挤出造粒，得到内层树脂母粒，备用；（三）中层树脂的组份为：PP40份、HDPE10份、重质碳酸钙10份、800目稻壳微粉30份、石蜡3份、硬脂酸锌3份、环氧大豆油2份和含有降解助剂的树脂母粒2份，将上述组份的原料加入到三层共挤片材挤出机组的主机配套的塑料高混机中，在110°C条件下混合，在冷混机中冷却备用；（四）将内层树脂母粒和外层树脂母粒分别加入到片材挤出机组辅机的进料斗中，设置三辊压光机三辊温度分别为上辊75℃、中辊65℃、下辊55℃，待各区温度达到设定温度，恒温40分钟待挤出机机筒内物料完全熔融后，启动主机，先以 10~15 转/分的速度低速运转，物料挤出后，将物料引入三辊压光机，通过辅助裁切刀后进入牵引机进行卷取，并根据厚度要求调整三辊压光机辊筒间隙、牵引速度、卷取速度，按照三者的质量比为内层树脂：中层树脂：外层树脂=10：75：15的比例控制主机挤出机和辅机挤出机的进料速度，通过自动控制装置、压力控制装置和温控装置控制片材挤出模头稳定的运行，即可制得生物基复合材料片材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物基复合材料片材的制备方法，其特征在于，生物基复合材料片材的整体厚度为0.3~2毫米，其中，外层的厚度为0.05~0.5毫米，内层的厚度为0.05~0.2毫米，中层的厚度为0.2~2毫米。
3.一种由权利要求1制备的生物基复合材料片材制作的吸塑托盘，其特征在于，将片材卷取后使用HV1228型全自动真空吸塑机进行吸塑成型：将所述片材安装于吸塑机上料架上，按顺序牵引片材穿入吸塑机进料导辊，进入设置吸塑机加热炉温度230℃，根据产品尺寸要求调整吸塑模具，启动吸塑机，调整主机速度至平稳，制成生物基复合材料吸塑托盘。
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