CN113498730A - Municipal sludge-based biochar improved nutrient soil and production method thereof - Google Patents
Municipal sludge-based biochar improved nutrient soil and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113498730A CN113498730A CN202110899097.4A CN202110899097A CN113498730A CN 113498730 A CN113498730 A CN 113498730A CN 202110899097 A CN202110899097 A CN 202110899097A CN 113498730 A CN113498730 A CN 113498730A
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- municipal sludge
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000218993 Begonia Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000267823 Hydrangea macrophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014486 Hydrangea macrophylla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000245165 Rhododendron ponticum Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000915 pathological change Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036285 pathological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种市政污泥基生物炭改良营养土及其生产方法，该方法依次包含如下步骤：将市政污泥风干后粉碎；将粉碎后的市政污泥进行辊压，形成片状颗粒，以便于后续的炭化；将制备的片状颗粒进行炭化，制备得到市政污泥基生物炭；将制备的市政污泥基生物炭与其他原料进行搅拌混合，得到营养土半成品；其中，其他原料包含膨润土、蛭石、凹凸棒、高岭石和水，质量配比为，市政污泥基生物炭∶膨润土∶蛭石∶凹凸棒∶高岭石∶水＝(5‑25)∶(5‑20)∶(5‑20)∶(5‑20)∶(5‑20)∶(10‑20)；灭菌并干燥。本发明制备的营养土富含植物所需的多种营养元素，为植物生长提供基本的肥力；该营养土质地疏松，具有更大的比表面积，保肥保墒能力大。
The invention discloses a municipal sludge-based biochar-improved nutrient soil and a production method thereof. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: air-drying the municipal sludge and then pulverizing; rolling the pulverized municipal sludge to form flake particles to facilitate subsequent carbonization; carbonize the prepared flake particles to prepare municipal sludge-based biochar; stir and mix the prepared municipal sludge-based biochar with other raw materials to obtain semi-finished nutrient soil; among them, other raw materials It contains bentonite, vermiculite, attapulgite, kaolinite and water, and the mass ratio is, municipal sludge-based biochar: bentonite: vermiculite: attapulgite: kaolinite: water = (5‑25): (5‑20 ): (5-20): (5-20): (5-20): (10-20); sterilized and dried. The nutrient soil prepared by the invention is rich in various nutrient elements required by plants and provides basic fertility for plant growth; the nutrient soil is loose in texture, has a larger specific surface area, and has a large capacity for maintaining fertilizer and moisture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nutrient soil, in particular to municipal sludge-based biochar modified nutrient soil and a production method thereof.
Background
Most of nutrient soil in the market is simple mixture of kaolinite, attapulgite and various compound fertilizers, and the problems of hardening, fertility reduction and the like can be caused after long-time use, so that the nutrient in the nutrient soil can not be fully utilized by plants, the resource waste is caused, and even further pollution can be caused. Therefore, the advantages of the nutrient soil can not be fully exerted in the cultivation process of bonsais and seedlings, and even the plants are caused physiological pathological changes due to nutrient deficiency.
The biochar is a high-carbon product obtained by pyrolyzing animal and plant remains, animal wastes, sludge and the like at high temperature under the anoxic condition. The biochar has the advantages of looseness, porosity, large specific surface area, more oxygen-containing groups, large cation exchange capacity and the like. The raw materials of the municipal sludge-based biochar are low in price and easy to collect, the problems of sludge pollution and the like can be reduced, the effect of treating wastes with processes of wastes against one another by utilizing sludge resource utilization is achieved, and the municipal sludge-based biochar has a wider application prospect. Municipal sludge of urban sewage plants is a precipitate generated in the sewage treatment process, contains a large amount of microorganisms, organic matters and rich nutrients, does not contain heavy metals relative to industrial sludge, and is more suitable for preparing biochar. At present, raw materials for realizing the resource utilization of solid wastes, particularly nutrient soil formulas using municipal sludge biochar as raw materials, are rarely reported, and the problems in the aspects of preparation of the sludge biochar, preparation of the nutrient soil of the type and the like need to be explored and verified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of hardening and fertility reduction of the traditional nutrient soil after long-term use, increase the porosity of the nutrient soil and prolong the service life of the nutrient soil.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a production method of municipal sludge-based biochar modified nutrient soil, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the municipal sludge in the air and then crushing the sludge;
s2, rolling the crushed municipal sludge to form flaky particles so as to facilitate subsequent carbonization;
s3, carbonizing the flaky particles prepared in the step S2 to prepare municipal sludge-based biochar;
s4, stirring and mixing the municipal sludge-based biochar prepared in the step S3 and other raw materials to obtain a semi-finished product of the nutrient soil; wherein the other raw materials comprise bentonite, vermiculite, attapulgite, kaolinite and water in a mass ratio of (5-25) municipal sludge-based biochar to bentonite to vermiculite to attapulgite to kaolinite to water to (5-20) to (10-20);
s5, sterilizing and drying.
Preferably, the carbonization step in step S3 is performed at 500 ℃ at 300 ℃ for 1-2 h.
Preferably, the municipal sludge-based biochar, the bentonite, the vermiculite, the attapulgite and the kaolinite described in the step S4 have a particle size of less than 2 mm.
Preferably, the other raw materials in step S4 further include at least one of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
Preferably, the sterilization and drying method in step S5 is to place the semi-finished product of nutrient soil in a sterilizing oven for sterilization and drying, the temperature is controlled at 40-60 ℃ for 0.5-2h, and the water content is reduced to less than 10%.
Preferably, when the yield of the municipal sludge-based biochar-modified nutrient soil is less than 20kg, the method for sterilizing and drying in step S5 comprises the following steps:
s5.1, controlling the temperature of the semi-finished product of the nutrient soil uniformly mixed in the step S4 to be 100-;
and S5.2, adding a certain amount of water into the product sterilized in the step S5.1, uniformly mixing the product and the water again, and then drying the product at a low temperature.
The invention also discloses the municipal sludge-based biochar improved nutrient soil prepared by the method, and the municipal sludge-based biochar improved nutrient soil is loose in structure, irregular in shape and rough in surface.
The technical effects of the invention comprise: the prepared nutrient soil is rich in various nutrient elements required by plants by various raw materials, and provides basic fertility for plant growth; the nutrient soil is loose in texture, has a larger specific surface area and has large capacity of preserving fertilizer and moisture; the viability and the metabolic capacity of microorganisms in the nutrient soil are improved; can be used for fixing pollutants such as greenhouse gases, heavy metals and the like, and realizes the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a production method of the municipal sludge-based biochar-modified nutrient soil of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of municipal sludge-based biochar;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray energy spectrum analysis diagram of municipal sludge-based biochar.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a production method of municipal sludge-based biochar modified nutrient soil, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, drying the municipal sludge in the air and then crushing the sludge; after air drying, the content of nitrogen in the municipal sludge is 2-5%, and the content of phosphorus in the municipal sludge is 1-3%;
s2, putting the crushed sludge into a roller machine for rolling to form flaky particles so as to facilitate subsequent carbonization;
s3, putting the flaky particles prepared in the S2 into a carbonization furnace for carbonization; preferably, the carbonization temperature is set to be 300-500 ℃, and the carbonization time is 1-2 hours, so as to prepare the municipal sludge-based biochar; the prepared municipal sludge-based biochar is shown in figure 2, and has a loose structure, an irregular shape and a rough surface; the municipal sludge-based biochar is subjected to X-ray energy spectrum analysis, and the result is shown in figure 3, wherein the municipal sludge-based biochar is rich in elements such as carbon, oxygen and the like, so that the municipal sludge-based biochar has rich surface oxygen-containing functional groups and is rich in elements such as iron, silicon, magnesium and the like required by plants;
s4, stirring and mixing the municipal sludge-based biochar prepared in the S3 and other raw materials to form nutrient soil; the municipal sludge-based biochar comprises, by mass, municipal sludge-based biochar, bentonite, vermiculite, attapulgite, kaolinite, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and water, wherein the municipal sludge-based biochar comprises (5-25), (5-20), (1-5), (1-2) and (10-20); wherein, the bentonite, the vermiculite, the attapulgite and the kaolinite are all main components of the nutrient soil and also serve as main supports for the growth of crops; diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are used as supplementary materials to make up the fertility of the nutrient soil; the water is used for maintaining humidity, so that wet granulation is facilitated; the granularity of the municipal sludge-based biochar, bentonite, vermiculite, attapulgite and kaolinite is less than 2mm, so that the ventilation and water retention of the nutrient soil can be improved;
s5, sterilizing and drying to reduce the water content to below 10%, cooling and packaging.
The following description is given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
This example was used to produce 1 ton of nutrient soil.
S1, taking 10 tons of sludge with the water content of about 50-60% from a municipal sewage treatment plant, air-drying for 20 days, and then crushing;
s2, putting the crushed sludge into a roller machine for rolling to form flaky particles with the thickness less than 1 cm;
s3, conveying the rolled flaky particles into a rotary carbonization furnace for carbonization, wherein the temperature is controlled to be about 400 ℃, and the carbonization time is set to be 1 hour;
s4, purchasing other ingredients from the market, weighing 0.2 ton of bentonite, 0.2 ton of vermiculite, 0.2 ton of kaolinite, 0.1 ton of attapulgite, 0.02 ton of diammonium phosphate and 0.01 ton of potassium sulfate, and transporting the weighed ingredients, 0.25 ton of municipal sludge-based biochar (taken) prepared in the step S3 and 0.1 ton of water to a stirrer to stir and mix the ingredients, so as to obtain a uniformly mixed semi-finished product of the nutrient soil;
and S5, conveying the semi-finished product of the nutrient soil uniformly mixed in the S4 to a sterilizing furnace, sterilizing and drying at low temperature, controlling the temperature at 50 ℃ and the running time at 1 hour to reduce the water content to below 10%, cooling and packaging.
The physical and chemical properties of the sludge-based biochar modified nutrient soil are determined, so that the soil structure is effectively improved, and the soil stability is obviously improved. The main reason is that the sludge-based biochar has a loose and porous structure, so that the nutrient soil has better water retention, moisture retention and fertilizer retention characteristics, the soil structure can be improved to be looser and not easy to harden, the effect of enhancing the microbial activity is obvious, and meanwhile, the higher specific surface area of the biochar also enables the biochar to have a better slow release effect on elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Example 2
The embodiment is used for producing the municipal sludge-based biochar modified nutrient soil for rice seedling culture.
S1 and S2 are the same as S1 and S2 in example 1;
s3, conveying the rolled flaky particles into a rotary carbonization furnace for carbonization, wherein the temperature is controlled to be about 500 ℃, and the carbonization time is set to be 1 hour;
s4, purchasing other ingredients from the market, weighing 0.15 ton of bentonite, 0.15 ton of vermiculite, 0.15 ton of kaolinite, 0.20 ton of attapulgite, 0.03 ton of diammonium phosphate, 0.02 ton of potassium sulfate, 0.10 ton of municipal sludge-based biochar prepared in the example S3, 0.2 ton of water, a small amount of boric acid and manganese sulfate, and conveying the materials into a stirrer to stir and mix the materials to obtain a uniformly mixed semi-finished product of the nutrient soil;
s5 is the same as S5 in example 1.
The cultivation of young rice seedlings should be done by paying attention to the content of various nutrient elements, especially trace elements. Therefore, a small amount of boric acid and manganese sulfate are added in the process of producing the nutrient soil for the rice seedlings, thereby effectively preventing the common nutrient deficiency symptoms of the rice and ensuring the normal growth and development of the rice seedlings.
Example 3
The embodiment is used for producing the municipal sludge-based biochar modified nutrient soil for flower culture. In this example, approximately 10 kg of nutrient soil is produced.
S1, taking 100 kg of sludge with the water content of about 50-60% from a municipal sewage treatment plant, air-drying for about 10 days, crushing, removing impurities, and putting the air-dried sludge into a stirrer for crushing and mixing;
s2 and S3 are the same as S2 and S3 in example 2;
s4, purchasing other ingredients from the market, weighing 1 kg of bentonite, 1 kg of vermiculite, 1.5 kg of kaolinite and 2 kg of attapulgite, conveying the weighed ingredients and the municipal sludge-based biochar (2 kg) prepared in the S3 of the embodiment into a stirrer for stirring and mixing to obtain a uniformly mixed semi-finished product of the nutrient soil;
s5.1, putting the semi-finished product of the nutrient soil uniformly mixed in the step S4 into a large pot, stir-frying at the temperature of 150 ℃ for half an hour for disinfection and sterilization;
and S5.2, after disinfection and sterilization, adding 0.3 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate and 2 kg of water, putting the mixture into a stirrer again, uniformly mixing, finally drying at low temperature, and packaging to obtain a nutrient soil finished product.
The preparation of the flower nutrient soil is carried out, and the disinfection and sterilization of the nutrient soil are fully considered, so that the semi-finished product is stir-fried and sterilized in a big pot in the production process; secondly, the pH value of the flower nutrient soil has obvious influence on the growth of flowers, and the existence of diammonium phosphate enables the nutrient soil to be weakly acidic, so that the method is suitable for cultivating neutral and acidic flowers, such as rhododendron, begonia, hydrangea, and the like; in addition, in the indoor flower cultivation, the watering frequency is obviously increased, but the fertilizing frequency is insufficient, so that the proportion of the biochar is improved, the fertilizer-keeping slow-release capacity is enhanced, and the contents of bentonite and vermiculite are reduced.
In conclusion, the municipal sludge-based biochar improves various raw materials of the nutrient soil, so that the nutrient soil is rich in various nutrient elements required by plants and provides basic fertility for plant growth; the biochar, the diammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate provide necessary nitrogen and phosphorus elements for plants; the nutrient soil is loose in texture, has a larger specific surface area and has large capacity of preserving fertilizer and moisture; the survival rate of the microorganism is high, and the metabolic capability is improved; can fix pollutants such as greenhouse gases, heavy metals and the like, and realizes the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (7)
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| CN116062961A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-05-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Sludge biochar nutrient medium and preparation method and application thereof |
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