CN1134852C - 锂聚合物电池 - Google Patents

锂聚合物电池 Download PDF

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CN1134852C
CN1134852C CNB991252721A CN99125272A CN1134852C CN 1134852 C CN1134852 C CN 1134852C CN B991252721 A CNB991252721 A CN B991252721A CN 99125272 A CN99125272 A CN 99125272A CN 1134852 C CN1134852 C CN 1134852C
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张允汉
金重浩
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Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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Abstract

提供一种锂(Li)聚合物电池。该锂聚合物电池包括:正极板,包括有多个开孔的正集电体和形成在正集电体的至少一个表面上的正极活性材料层;负极板,包括呈箔形状的负集电体和形成在负集电体的至少一个表面上的负极活性材料层;以及在正负极板之间用于使正负极板绝缘的隔板。

Description

锂聚合物电池
技术领域
本发明涉及锂(Li)聚合物电池,尤其涉及具有增强负极板结构的锂聚合物电池。
背景技术
可充电二次电池广泛用于便携式无线电装置如可携式摄象机、蜂窝电话和膝上型计算机。各种二次电池包括镍-镉(Ni-Cd)电池、铅酸电池、镍金属氢化物(Ni-MH)电池和锂(Li)离子电池、锂聚合物电池、金属锂二次电池及类似物。
特别是金属锂二次电池有3.6V驱动电压、比Ni-Cd电池或Ni-MH电池更长的寿命周期以及高的能量密度与重量比,因此其使用正逐渐增加。
根据电解质类型,锂二次电池分成使用液体电解质的锂离子电池和使用聚合物固体电解质的锂聚合物电池。与锂离子电池相反,锂聚合物电池能分成各种形状,并且有高稳定性和重量轻的优点。
图1表示Bellcore锂聚合物电池,即一种锂聚合物电池的结构。参见图1,正极板11和负极板12重叠在一起,其间插入有隔板13,每个都有多层结构。正极板11由有多个开孔h1的正集电体11a和附着在正集电体11a两个表面的正极片11b构成。而且,负极板12由有多个开孔h2的负集电体12a和附着在负集电体12a两个表面的负极片12b构成。正负集电体11a、12a有拉制金属形成。下面将描述具有上述结构的Bellcore锂聚合物电池的制造过程。
首先,作为溶剂的丙酮、正或负极活性材料、粘合剂、导电材料和增塑剂混合制备膏。然后,通过Doctor-blade方法使膏沉积在聚乙烯(PET)底膜上形成薄片,去除PET底膜以得到相应活性材料构成的电极片。再后,通过施加压力在高温下把电极片的两个表面每个叠加集电体,然后切割成预定尺寸。
所得正负极板11、12与插入其间的隔板13组合,该重叠结构通过施加压力在高温下再叠加,从而得到双电池结构。然后,把双电池结构浸泡在乙醚中以提取增塑剂。然后形成有9层双电池结构的电极组件。然后,正负极端子焊接到组件上,并且电解质渗透到已提取增塑剂的空的空间中。最后,围绕所得产品形成外壳。
在由上述方法完成的传统锂聚合物电池中,正负集电体11a、12a需要经此提取增塑剂的开孔h1、h2,这样制造正负集电体11a、12a复杂。而且,由于开孔h1、h2形成期间产生的毛刺,正集电体11a和正极片11b之间以及负集电体12a和负极片12b之间的粘合力变弱。此外,正负极板11、12的厚度不均匀。
而且,当分别固定电极片11b、12b到正负集电体11a、12a时,由于开孔h1、h2,气泡形成在极片和集电体之间的空间中,结果降低了正负集电体11a、12a的导电率。
而且,形成正负集电体11a、12a的拉制金属以宽度不小于300mm的卷筒形式提供。由于力的作用拉制金属有沿纵向延伸的特性。因此,难以通过施加抗张强度通过连续工艺制造正负集电体11a、12a。
通常,集电体材料决定电池成本。因此,与使用冲孔金属相比,使用拉制金属作为集电体材料增加电池成本。
而且,当拉制金属机械加工时金属本身受到应力。即,当拉制金属以预定尺寸切割时,砷酸的细粉末与拉制金属制成的集电体分离。而且,因为拉制金属制成的集电体呈网状,由于网孔中线的膨胀而产生毛刺,因此导致电短路。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供锂(Li)聚合物电池,其中负集电体以没有孔的箔形式形成,从而改进极板性能和电池生产率。
因此,为实现上述目的,提供锂(Li)聚合物电池,该电池包括:包括有多个孔的正集电体和形成在正集电体的至少一个表面上的正极活性材料层的正极板;包括呈箔形状的负集电体和形成在负集电体的至少一个表面上的负极活性材料层的负极板;以及在正负极板之间、为使正负极板绝缘的隔板。
优选地,负集电体由铜(Cu)箔构成。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述优选实施例,本发明的上述目的和优点将显而易见,其中:
图1是传统锂(Li)聚合物电池的电极组件的部分截面图;
图2是根据本发明Li聚合物电池的分解透视图;以及
图3是图2所示电极组件的部分截面图。
具体实施方式
参见图2,本发明的锂(Li)聚合物电池包括电极组件20、具有用于保持电极组件20的容纳部分32的下壳31、以及覆盖容纳部分32以密封电极组件20的上壳33。
电极组件20通过重复堆垛正极板2 1和负极板22并且隔板23插入在其间来形成,并且正抽头26a和负抽头24a分别从正极板21和负极板22延伸。
正抽头26a和负抽头24a分别形成正抽头束26和负抽头束24,正抽头束26和负抽头束24分别连接到正端子25和负端子27。当电极组件20放入下壳31的容纳部分32并且然后上壳33覆盖容纳部分32时,正端子25和负端子27从外壳中抽出。
参见图3,正极板21由有多个开孔H的正集电体21a和形成在正集电体21a的至少一个表面上的正活性材料层21b构成。而且,负极板22由铂形状的负集电体22a和形成在负集电体22a的至少一个表面上的负活性材料层22b构成。正极板21和负极板22组合在一起,其间插入隔板23以使极板21、22绝缘,从而形成单元。然后该单元重复堆垛形成电极组件20。
根据本发明,负集电体22a优选由没有孔的铜(Cu)箔构成,以及正集电体21a由拉制金属或含铝(Al)的冲孔金属构成并且有多个开孔H。
通过在正集电体21a和负集电体22a的两个表面上分别沉积正极活性材料膏和负极活性材料膏得到正极板21和负极板22。负极活性材料膏的制备是:在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中溶解作为粘合剂的(10%总体积)聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)并且加入(18%总体积)增塑剂、作为导电材料的(2%总体积)碳黑和作为负极活性材料的(70%总体积)碳到该溶液中,然后搅拌该混合物直到达到粘度20000~30000厘泊(cps)。
而且,正极活性材料膏的制备是:在丙酮中溶解作为粘合剂的(10%总体积)PVDF,加入(15~18%总体积)增塑剂、作为导电材料的(2~5%总体积)碳黑和作为正极活性材料的(70%总体积)LiCoO2到该溶液中,然后搅拌该混合物直到达到粘度20000cps。
优选地,制备的正负极活性材料膏通过Doctor-blade方法直接涂覆在对应的正负集电体21a、22a的两个表面上。
根据另一个优选实施例,正极活性材料膏的制备是;在丙酮中溶解作为粘合剂的(10%总体积)PVDF,加入(15~18%总体积)增塑剂、作为导电材料的(2~5%总体积)碳黑和作为正极活性材料的(70%总体积)LiCoO2到该溶液中,然后搅拌该混合物直到达到粘度20000cps。
而且,负极活性材料膏的制备是:在丙酮中溶解作为粘合剂的(10%总体积)PVDF,加入(15~18%总体积)增塑剂、作为导电材料的(2~5%总体积)碳黑和作为负极活性材料的(70%总体积)碳到该溶液中,然后搅拌该混合物直到达到粘度20000cps。
然后,通过例如Doctor-blade方法把制备的正负极活性材料膏制成薄片,然后把所得薄片附着在对应的正负集电体21a、22a的两个表面上。
正负极活性材料膏中所含材料数量可变化,而不限于上述实施例。
根据本发明,采用没有开孔的Cu箔作为负集电体22a,这样,导电率提高,在层叠期间负集电体22a与活性材料层22b的附着力增强,并且负极板的厚度均匀。而且,能防止由开孔导致的毛刺产生或传统负集电体和负极片之间的气泡。
此外,即使负集电体22a没有开孔,含在负极板22和隔板23中的增塑剂能通过正集电体21a的开孔H沿图3中箭头所示的方向提取。
通过下面实验将更完全理解本发明的效果。
(实验例子1)
从采用Cu拉制金属制成的且有开孔的负集电体12a的传统电池中提取的增塑剂数量与根据本发明采用Cu箔作为负集电体22a的电池比较。这里,每个电极组件有9层双电池结构,并且(15%总体积)增塑剂用于制备。
结果,从传统电池提取的增塑剂数量是约3.4801g,从根据本发明电池中提取的增塑剂数量是约3.4526g,它们几乎是相同的。即,能够理解即使没有开孔的Cu箔用作负集电体,从该电池中提取的增塑剂数量也不会降低。
(实验例子2)
厚度约80μm的正极片和厚度约120μm的负极片分别附着到Al拉制金属形成的正集电体21a和厚度20μm的Cu箔形成的负集电体22a,以获得本发明的电池。然后,测量电池电阻并与传统电池比较。
结果,本发明电池电阻是50~60mΩ,而传统电池是80~100mΩ。也就是说,能够理解本发明锂聚合物电池的导电率随负电极片和负集电体之间的接触面积的增加而增加。
而且,负极板的粘合力与传统负极板的10gf/mm2相比,增加到18gf/mm2或更大。结果,该电池寿命周期相对于传统电池增加约7%或更多,电池能量密度增加约5-10%。
此外,因为具有相对大的抗张强度的箔用作负集电体,通过连续工艺制造成为可能。而且,负极活性材料膏能直接涂覆在负集电体上,因此极板的制造简化。

Claims (4)

1、一种锂聚合物电池,包括:
正极板,包括具有多个开孔的正集电体和形成在正集电体的至少一个表面上的正极活性材料层;
负极板,包括负集电体和形成在负集电体的至少一个表面上的负极活性材料层;以及
在正负极板之间用于使正负极板绝缘的隔板,
其特征在于,所述负集电体由不具有开孔的金属箔构成。
2、权利要求1的锂聚合物电池,其特征在于,正集电体是由拉制金属或冲孔金属构成。
3、权利要求1的锂聚合物电池,其特征在于,负集电体是由铜箔构成。
4、权利要求3的锂聚合物电池,其特征在于,通过将正负极活性材料膏分别涂覆在正集电体的至少一个表面上和负集电体的至少一个表面上来形成正负极活性材料层。
CNB991252721A 1998-10-13 1999-10-13 锂聚合物电池 Expired - Fee Related CN1134852C (zh)

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JP5400268B2 (ja) * 2006-01-26 2014-01-29 パナソニック株式会社 リチウム二次電池
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CN110875486A (zh) * 2018-08-30 2020-03-10 东莞市佳的自动化设备科技有限公司 一种裁切叠片一体方法

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JP3510990B2 (ja) 2004-03-29
CN1257320A (zh) 2000-06-21
EP0994522A2 (en) 2000-04-19
KR20000025571A (ko) 2000-05-06
KR100303829B1 (ko) 2001-10-19
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US20030134202A1 (en) 2003-07-17
JP2000123840A (ja) 2000-04-28

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