CN113480675B - Extraction method and application of dendrobium nobile polysaccharide - Google Patents
Extraction method and application of dendrobium nobile polysaccharide Download PDFInfo
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- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 240000004638 Dendrobium nobile Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MGJZITXUQXWAKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1N=[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MGJZITXUQXWAKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/898—Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
- A61K36/8984—Dendrobium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/18—Antioxidants, e.g. antiradicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The application discloses a method for extracting dendrobium nobile polysaccharide in the technical field of extraction of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which comprises the following steps of: taking fresh dendrobium stem strips, removing leaves, cleaning and crushing for later use; step two, adding 2-6 times of water into the fragments obtained in the step one according to the mass ratio, soaking for a period of time, filtering to obtain filter residues and filtrate, and repeating the soaking and filtering operation on the filter residues for 1-4 times to obtain 2-5 times of filtrate; step three, combining the multiple filtrates, performing vacuum rotary evaporation and concentration to obtain a concentrated solution, centrifuging, and keeping a supernatant; step four, adding 3-5 times volume of absolute ethyl alcohol into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three to carry out alcohol precipitation; and fifthly, centrifuging the solution subjected to alcohol precipitation in the step four, discarding the supernatant, dissolving the precipitate by 2 times of water, performing vacuum rotary evaporation concentration, and performing freeze drying to obtain the dendrobium nobile total polysaccharides. Compared with the prior art, the yield of the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide is higher, and the antioxidant activity of the extracted dendrobium nobile polysaccharide is also higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of extraction of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and in particular relates to a method for extracting dendrobium nobile polysaccharide and application thereof.
Background
Dendrobium nobile lindl is a fresh or dry stem of a plant of the genus Dendrobium of the family Orchidaceae, is mainly produced in Yunnan, guizhou, sichuan, guangxi, henan Funiu mountain and the like in China, and is a commonly used famous and precious Chinese medicinal material. The dendrobium nobile is one of medicinal dendrobium nobile recorded in 2010 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia, is named as chlorophytum comosum, is used as a medicine by a stem, has the effects of being cold in nature and sweet in taste, tonifying stomach, promoting the production of body fluid, nourishing yin, clearing heat and the like, and is used for treating symptoms such as fever impairment of body fluid, dry mouth, polydipsia, asthenic fever after disease, little tongue fur, poor appetite, retching, dim eyesight and the like. Modern pharmacological studies show that dendrobium nobile lindl mainly has the effects of immunoregulation, anti-aging, intestine contraction, cataract resistance, tumor resistance, mutagenesis resistance, antibiosis and antioxidation. The chemical components mainly comprise polysaccharide, alkaloid, bibenzyl, phenanthrene, sesquiterpene glucoside, volatile oil and steroid. The polysaccharide is one of the main components, has the functions of enhancing the immunity of the organism, reducing blood sugar, resisting tumor, resisting aging, resisting oxidation and the like, and has higher medicinal value.
The prior art generally adopts a water boiling method for dry strips to extract dendrobium nobile polysaccharide, namely, drying fresh dendrobium nobile strips, adding water, soaking overnight, boiling for 2-4 hours, filtering, adding water into filter residues, continuously boiling for 2-4 hours, filtering, adding water into the filter residues, continuously boiling for 2-4 hours, and filtering. And combining the three filtrates, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation and concentration, centrifuging, carrying out alcohol precipitation on the supernatant overnight, continuously centrifuging, discarding the supernatant, adding water to dissolve the precipitate, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation and concentration, and freeze-drying by using a freeze dryer to obtain the dendrobium nobile total polysaccharide.
However, since the polysaccharide is easily decomposed by heat, the extraction rate is too low when the polysaccharide is extracted by the above method, the total polysaccharide yield is less than 1% (calculated according to the specific weight of fresh strips), and the oxidation resistance of the extracted polysaccharide is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention relates to a method for extracting dendrobium nobile polysaccharide, which has high extraction rate and more remarkable oxidation resistance.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for extracting dendrobium nobile lindl polysaccharide, which comprises the following steps,
step one, crushing: taking fresh dendrobium stem strips, removing leaves, cleaning and crushing for later use;
step two, adding 2-6 times of water into the fragments obtained in the step one according to the mass ratio, soaking for a period of time, filtering to obtain filter residues and filtrate, and repeating the soaking and filtering operation on the filter residues for 1-4 times to obtain 2-5 times of filtrate;
step three, combining the filtrates, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation and concentration to obtain a concentrated solution, centrifuging, and keeping a supernatant;
step four, adding 3-5 times volume of absolute ethyl alcohol into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three to carry out alcohol precipitation;
and fifthly, centrifuging the solution precipitated in the fourth step, removing supernatant, dissolving the precipitate with water, then carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation concentration, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain the dendrobium nobile total polysaccharide.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the water to the fragments or the filter residues in the second step is 2-4.
Furthermore, the accumulated soaking and filtering times in the second step are 3 times, and the soaking time is 1-2 hours.
Further, the second step adopts gauze for filtration, and the pore size of the gauze is 500 meshes.
Further, vacuum rotary evaporation concentration is carried out at 70 ℃.
Further, the centrifugation was carried out at 5000rpm for 10min.
The invention also aims to provide dendrobium nobile polysaccharide extracted by the method.
The invention also aims to provide application of dendrobium nobile lindl polysaccharide in anti-aging cosmetics or skin care products.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide the application of dendrobium nobile lindl polysaccharide in preparing anti-aging food or medicine.
The extraction method is a normal-temperature extraction method of fresh dendrobium nobile strips, is creatively improved, and the multiple steps are mutually matched, so that the aim of obtaining dendrobium nobile polysaccharide with high yield and quality is fulfilled. Meanwhile, the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide extracted by the method is light grey white, while the dendrobium nobile total polysaccharide extracted by the existing heating and boiling technology is dark black in color, which shows that Maillard chemical reaction occurs in the boiling process, a large amount of terminal reducing sugar of the polysaccharide is consumed, and the reducibility of the obtained total polysaccharide is reduced.
In the process of extracting the traditional Chinese medicine by heating, boiling and extracting, a Maillard chemical reaction exists. The maillard reaction, also known as the non-enzymatic browning reaction, is a non-enzymatic browning reaction widely found in the food industry. The reaction between carbonyl compounds (reducing saccharides) and amino compounds (amino acids and proteins) finally generates a brown or even black macromolecular substance melanoidin or melanomimetic through a complicated process, so the reaction is also called a carbonylamine reaction (proposed by French chemist L.C. Maillard in 1912).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparison of the DPPH radical scavenging ability of the dendrobium nobile polysaccharides of example 1 and the dendrobium nobile polysaccharides of comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the appearance of the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide of example 1 and the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
embodiment 1, a method for extracting dendrobium nobile polysaccharide, take 500 grams of fresh dendrobium nobile strips, remove leaves and clean, cut off, smash in the rubbing crusher, add 1 liter of water to the piece of dendrobium nobile after smashing, soak for 60 minutes, 500 mesh gauze filters, filter residue adds 1 liter of water and continues to soak for 60 minutes, 500 mesh gauze filters, filter residue adds 1 liter of water again and soaks for 60 minutes, 500 mesh gauze filters.
And combining the three filtrates, concentrating by vacuum rotary evaporation at 70 ℃ until the volume is 500 ml, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 10 minutes, adding 2L of absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant, precipitating overnight by alcohol, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant, adding 1L of distilled water into the precipitate, dissolving by vacuum rotary evaporation at 70 ℃ until the volume is 200 ml, and freeze-drying by a freeze-dryer to obtain 12.64 g of the dendrobium nobile total polysaccharide (the polysaccharide yield is 2.53%).
Comparative example 1: taking 500 g of fresh dendrobium stem strips, removing leaves, cleaning, drying at 70 ℃, powdering, adding 1L of water, soaking overnight, boiling for 4 hours, filtering with 500-mesh gauze, adding 1L of water into filter residues, continuously boiling for 3 hours, and filtering with 500-mesh gauze.
Concentrating by vacuum rotary evaporation at 70 ℃ until the volume is 500 ml, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 10 minutes, adding 2L of absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant, precipitating with ethanol overnight, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant, adding 1L of distilled water into the precipitate, concentrating by vacuum rotary evaporation at 70 ℃ until the volume is 200 ml, and freeze-drying by a freeze-dryer to obtain 4.042 g of the dendrobium nobile total polysaccharide (the total polysaccharide yield is 0.81%).
Sets of parallel experiments were set up according to the methods of example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively, and the results are shown in the following table:
the comparison graph of the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide extracted by the method in example 1 and the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide extracted by the method in comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 2, the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide in example 1 is light grey white, while the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide in comparative example 1 is dark black (obvious Maillard chemical reaction occurs)
The antioxidant capacity of the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide in the embodiment 1 and the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide in the comparative example 1 are detected by a DPPH free radical scavenging capacity detection kit (Solibao, cat # BC 4755), the steps are carried out according to the kit specification, and the result is shown in figure 1, and the antioxidant capacity of the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide in the embodiment 1 is far higher than that of the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide in the comparative example 1 under the same concentration.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for extracting dendrobium nobile polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps,
step one, crushing: taking fresh dendrobium stem strips, removing leaves, cleaning and crushing for later use;
step two, adding 2 times of water into the crushed fresh dendrobium nobile strip fragments according to the mass ratio, soaking for 60min, filtering to obtain filter residues and filtrate, taking the filter residues, and repeating the soaking and filtering for 2 times to obtain 3 times of filtrate;
step three, combining the filtrates, concentrating to 500 ml at 70 ℃ by using vacuum rotary evaporation, and centrifuging for 10 minutes at 5000rpm to obtain a supernatant;
and step four, adding 2 liters of absolute ethyl alcohol into the supernatant, carrying out alcohol precipitation overnight, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant, adding distilled water into the precipitate for dissolving, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation and concentration at 70 ℃ to 200 milliliters, and freeze-drying by using a freeze dryer to obtain the dendrobium nobile polysaccharide.
2. Dendrobium nobile polysaccharide extracted by the method of claim 1.
3. The use of dendrobium nobile polysaccharide according to claim 2 in anti-aging cosmetics or skin care products.
4. The use of dendrobium nobile polysaccharide according to claim 2 in the preparation of anti-aging drugs.
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| CN100445302C (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2008-12-24 | 天津农学院 | Extraction method of polysaccharide from winter jujub |
| CN101407558B (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2011-02-02 | 浙江大学 | Preparation of Dendrobium nobile polysaccharide extract and use there |
| CN101407557B (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2012-02-22 | 浙江大学 | Preparation and use of Dendrobium nobile polysaccharide extract |
| CN104311688B (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2017-02-08 | 安徽大学 | Extraction and separation method for dendrobium nobile polyose and dendrobium nobile total alkali |
| CN105193906B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2020-07-03 | 上海清轩生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of astragalus membranaceus extracting solution |
| CN105348409B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2018-03-13 | 云南民族大学 | A kind of method of polysaccharide component leaching rate in raising HERBA DENDROBII |
| CN106946997B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2019-03-29 | 武汉轻工大学 | The longan pulp polysaccharide of functional activity enhancing and its green modification method for preparing combined based on endogenous protein |
| CN107033253B (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2019-07-19 | 赵静 | A kind of purple dendrobium polysaccharide and its preparation and application |
| CN109758531A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-17 | 上海诺德生物实业有限公司 | High-fidelity, Herba Dendrobii extract of high clarity and preparation method thereof |
| CN108586631A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-09-28 | 广西驰胜农业科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide |
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| CN110845633A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-28 | 江苏大学 | Normal-temperature method for extracting active polysaccharide from fresh bitter gourds |
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