CN113455598A - 一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于饲料添加剂技术领域，公开了一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，包括以下重量百分数的各组分：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺30％、酪氨酸10％、苯丙氨酸10％、色氨酸10％、亮氨酸20％、缬氨酸10％、异亮氨酸10％。价格低廉，来源稳定；各组分相互作用，明显促进杂色鲍生长，提高杂色鲍非特异性免疫能力和成活率，增强抗病力；提高杂色鲍血细胞的吞噬活性和NO水平；本发明生产工艺简单，使用方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂及其应用。
背景技术
杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)具有较高营养价值，曾是我国南方沿海具有重要经济价值的养殖鲍类之一。然而，自上世纪90年代以来，杂色鲍养殖过程中各类病害频繁发生，给养殖户带来重大的经济损失。为了杂色鲍养殖业的可持续发展，许多研究已经开展用来预防、控制及治疗养殖疾病。贝类缺乏适应性免疫系统，仅仅依赖于由血细胞和体液组分介导的先天免疫系统，因此，作为抵抗病原体入侵的主要防线，研究鲍的血细胞至关重要。增强血细胞的免疫功能，从而提高杂色鲍的免疫力无疑为杂色鲍的健康养殖提供了一条行之有效的方法。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术所存在的上述缺陷，首先提供了一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂的应用。
本发明的第三个目的是提供含有上述提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂的饲料的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，包括以下重量百分数的各组分：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺30％、酪氨酸10％、苯丙氨酸10％、色氨酸10％、亮氨酸20％、缬氨酸10％、异亮氨酸10％。
动物对蛋白质的需求，从本质上来说是对组成蛋白质的各种氨基酸的需求，尤其是对必需氨基酸的需求，尽管蛋白质需求量是营养研究的一项重要指标，但在配制饲料时，以氨基酸需求量作为依据则更为精确。因为蛋白质不能被动物直接吸收利用，必需在消化酶的作用下使蛋白质逐次分解成氨基酸后，通过肠道进入血液才能被鲍鱼机体所吸收，目前鲍鱼对各种必需氨基酸的确切需求量还不清楚，因此，在设计配方时，需要根据目的和效果来决定氨基酸的种类和用量。
有报道指出抗病营养的方式补充特定外源氨基酸能增强机体的免疫能力。相对于其他饲料添加剂，氨基酸没有副作用，没有残留及耐药性的困扰。研究表明，谷氨酰胺是重要的供能物质，同时能够增强鱼类的免疫和抗氧化应激能力。稳定性更好的丙氨酰谷氨酰胺同样具有谷氨酰胺的生理功能。芳香族氨基酸(色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸)可调节宿主局部和全身的免疫、代谢和神经元反应。支链氨基酸(亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸)不仅是一种能源性辅助物，而且能够增强蛋白质合成，还具有“益生元”效果。
本发明还提供所述饲料添加剂的应用，是将所述饲料添加剂按照0.5％～2％添加入饲料中。
本发明还提供所述饲料添加剂的饲料的制备方法，将饲料添加剂溶解后与饲料混合，并低温慢速烘干，即得。
本发明还提供所述饲料添加剂在提高杂色鲍在哈维弧菌感染下的生存率中的应用。
本发明还提供所述饲料添加剂在提高杂色鲍血细胞的吞噬率和NO含量中的应用。
本发明还提供所述饲料添加剂在提高杂色鲍体内免疫代谢物的含量的应用，其特征在于，所述免疫代谢物选自葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、胆碱、甘氨酸。
本发明还提供所述饲料添加剂在提高杂色鲍体内龙虾胆碱的含量的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明公开了一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，包括以下重量百分数的各组分：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺30％、酪氨酸10％、苯丙氨酸10％、色氨酸10％、亮氨酸20％、缬氨酸10％、异亮氨酸10％。价格低廉，来源稳定；各组分相互作用，明显促进杂色鲍生长，提高杂色鲍非特异性免疫能力和成活率，增强抗病力；提高杂色鲍血细胞的吞噬活性和NO水平；本发明生产工艺简单，使用方便。
附图说明
图1为饲料添加剂对哈维弧菌感染下的杂色鲍的生存率的影响；
图2为饲料添加剂对杂色鲍体内代谢物的含量的影响。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是，对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
下述实验例中所使用的试验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；所使用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。
实施例1
一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，由以下重量的各物质组成：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺3g、酪氨酸1g、苯丙氨酸1g、色氨酸1g、亮氨酸2g、缬氨酸1g、异亮氨酸1g。
按照上述比例将各氨基酸混合均匀后，与1kg商品化的杂色鲍饲料【大致的配方是：水分13.0％，粗蛋白42.2％，粗脂肪0.2％，粗纤维1.4％，无氮浸出物27.3％，粗灰分15.9％(其中，钙3.59％,磷0.01％)，下文同】混合，并30℃低温慢速烘干，即得到新的鲍抗病养殖饲料。
实施例2
一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，由以下重量的各物质组成：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺4.5g、酪氨酸1.5g、苯丙氨酸1.5g、色氨酸1.5g、亮氨酸3g、缬氨酸1.5g、异亮氨酸1.5g。
按照上述比例将各氨基酸混合均匀后，与1kg商品化的杂色鲍饲料混合，并30℃低温慢速烘干，即得到新的鲍抗病养殖饲料。
实施例3
一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，由以下重量的各物质组成：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺6g、酪氨酸2g、苯丙氨酸2g、色氨酸2g、亮氨酸4g、缬氨酸2g、异亮氨酸2g。
按照上述比例将各氨基酸混合均匀后，与1kg商品化的杂色鲍饲料混合，并30℃低温慢速烘干，即得到新的鲍抗病养殖饲料。
对比例1
一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，由以下重量的各物质组成：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺4g、酪氨酸1g、苯丙氨酸1g、色氨酸1g、亮氨酸1g、缬氨酸1g、异亮氨酸1g。
按照上述比例将各氨基酸混合均匀后，取5g用水溶解后，与1kg商品化的杂色鲍饲料混合，并30℃低温慢速烘干，即得到新的鲍抗病养殖饲料。
对比例2
一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，由以下重量的各物质组成：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺2g、酪氨酸1g、苯丙氨酸1g、色氨酸2g、亮氨酸2g、缬氨酸1g、异亮氨酸1g。
按照上述比例将各氨基酸混合均匀后，取5g用水溶解后，与1kg商品化的杂色鲍饲料混合，并30℃低温慢速烘干，即得到新的鲍抗病养殖饲料。
一、生存率实验
将实施例1和对比例1、对比例2所得到的养殖饲料用于饲养8周后，用致病菌哈维弧菌感染杂色鲍，结果显示：实施例1所得到的养殖饲料能显著提高哈维弧菌感染下的杂色鲍的生存率。
二、杂色鲍血细胞的吞噬率和NO含量
分别研究了饲养8周后杂色鲍的血细胞的吞噬率和NO含量，结果如表1。
表1
注：*代表与未添加组相比存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
三、杂色鲍体内代谢物含量
分别测定实施例1和对照组(未添加饲料添加剂)的饲料饲养杂色鲍8周，检测各组杂色鲍体内代谢物的含量，结果如图2所示，与对照组相比，实施例1(实施组)组的杂色鲍显著提高了体内葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、胆碱、甘氨酸等免疫相关代谢物的含量，降低了龙虾胆碱等代谢物的含量。
Claims (7)
1.一种提高杂色鲍免疫力的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量百分数的各组分：丙氨酰谷氨酰胺30％、酪氨酸10％、苯丙氨酸10％、色氨酸10％、亮氨酸20％、缬氨酸10％、异亮氨酸10％。
2.权利要求1所述饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于，将所述饲料添加剂按照0.5％～2％添加入饲料中。
3.含有权利要求1所述饲料添加剂的饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，将饲料添加剂溶解后与饲料混合，并低温慢速烘干，即得。
4.权利要求1所述饲料添加剂在提高杂色鲍在哈维弧菌感染下的生存率中的应用。
5.权利要求1所述饲料添加剂在提高杂色鲍血细胞的吞噬率和NO含量中的应用。
6.权利要求1所述饲料添加剂在提高杂色鲍体内免疫代谢物的含量的应用，其特征在于，所述免疫代谢物选自葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、胆碱、甘氨酸。
7.权利要求1所述饲料添加剂在提高杂色鲍体内龙虾胆碱的含量的应用。
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| CN103535527A (zh) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-29 | 江苏神华药业有限公司 | 一种瘦肉型饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
| CN104799015A (zh) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-07-29 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种罗非鱼促生长、抗氨氮应激的饲料添加剂 |
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| CN103535527A (zh) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-29 | 江苏神华药业有限公司 | 一种瘦肉型饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
| CN104799015A (zh) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-07-29 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种罗非鱼促生长、抗氨氮应激的饲料添加剂 |
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