CN113425681A - 一种含有两性霉素b的乳剂 - Google Patents
一种含有两性霉素b的乳剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113425681A CN113425681A CN202010194550.7A CN202010194550A CN113425681A CN 113425681 A CN113425681 A CN 113425681A CN 202010194550 A CN202010194550 A CN 202010194550A CN 113425681 A CN113425681 A CN 113425681A
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- amphotericin
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- APKFDSVGJQXUKY-INPOYWNPSA-N amphotericin B Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 APKFDSVGJQXUKY-INPOYWNPSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种稳定的两性霉素B脂肪乳剂,该乳剂通过调节pH值将两性霉素B纳米颗粒粒径控制在200nm以内,粒径变小,使得乳剂可在较低的压力下完成高压均质工艺,最终获得稳定均一的脂肪乳剂,该方法有效解决了现有技术中的乳剂粒径大、均质压力高、难以放大生产的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂领域,涉及一种两性霉素B脂肪乳剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
两性霉素B(Amphotericin B, AmB)是一种多烯类抗生素,于1953年从结节链霉菌中分离出来,并于1960年代初期投入临床使用,是经典的治疗系统性真菌感染的药物。由于两性霉素B的难溶于水和多数有机溶剂,最早上市的静脉给药制剂采用有溶血毒性的去氧胆酸钠增溶,会导致严重不良反应,尤其是肾毒性,几乎所有患者均可出现不同程度的肾功能损害,可出现蛋白尿、管型尿,血尿素氮及肌酐升高,肌酐清除率降低,也可引起肾小管性酸中毒,不良反应多,如静滴过程中或静滴后数小时发生寒战、高热、严重头痛、恶心和呕吐,有时并可出现血压下降、眩晕等,极大限制了它在真菌感染患者中的应用。
为改善不良反应,研究者开发了三种不同脂质基础的AmB制剂:脂质复合物、胶体分散体和脂质体,均能明显改善两性霉素B与正常细胞的结合率,提高了药物的稳定性与抗真菌能力,降低了毒性,减少两性霉素B所产生的副作用,但制备工艺复杂,制备成本高。
为降低治疗成本,临床上将AmB注射液与20%空白脂肪乳剂(Intralipid®)混合使用,同样具有毒性低的优点,但混合后的载药脂肪乳存在稳定性差,易析出较大颗粒的缺点,限制了其广泛应用。
因此为了制备稳定性高的AmB脂肪乳剂,研究者也进行了大量研究,但由于AmB难溶于油和水,常规的乳剂制备技术并不适合AmB乳剂的生产。因此,为制备稳定的AmB乳剂,研究者也了开发多种技术,例如有机溶剂/复合物法、纳米脂肪乳法、SolEmuls技术等。
有机溶剂/复合物法是将AmB溶于甲醇等有机溶剂,磷脂分散在水或有机溶剂中,将两者混合,超声,混合液经旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,形成复合物。加入水、油,在冰水浴中超声30min,即得。该方法中磷脂/药物复合物膜、水和油和后的超声工艺较为特殊,批量难以放大。
纳米脂肪乳法是将磷脂、大豆油和两性霉素B溶于氯仿/甲醇混合溶液,氮气吹干并减压干燥17h,得到脂质糊状物。将糊状物分散在5%葡萄糖液中,再冰水浴超声乳化60min,经0.22μm滤膜过滤,即得粒径为25-50nm的纳米乳。该方法中糊状物分散时间长,超声工艺放大困难,乳液平均粒度不大于50nm,使得辅料用量比常规脂肪乳要大,导致成本较高。
SolEmuls技术是将AmB原料分散在吐温80水溶液中,然后高压均质,将AmB原料粒径减小至约990nm,再将均质后的混悬液(0.4ml)加入到空白脂肪乳中(40ml),1500bar高压均质10遍,可使AmB纳米颗粒溶解并分布在乳滴油水界面处,所得乳液平均粒径约240nm。
该方法在乳剂制备过程中,需两次高压均质。原料药在高压均质过程中易产生金属碎屑,存在一定的注射安全风险;乳液均质压力高(1500bar),达到生产型高压均质机的压力上限,存在难以工艺放大的弊端。
专利文献CN1447682A公开了一种两性霉素B结构化乳剂,该文献公开了,将AmB分散在油中,磷脂分散在水中,油水两相混合并经高压均质处理,可得粒径不大于2 μm的乳液。
但该文献的技术方案原料需微粉化处理,所得乳液粒径不大于2μm,未给出具体的粒度数据。《中国药典》规定静脉用乳状液型注射液中90%的乳滴粒径应在l μm以下,常见的载药脂肪乳的平均粒径范围为100-500nm。仅将AmB原料颗粒与初乳混在一起共同进行高压均质,难以制备出符合药典要求的静脉注射用乳液。
目前,由于系列技术问题,还未有AmB乳剂上市。
发明内容
本发明人经过大量的研究,开发了一种新型AmB脂肪乳剂,有效解决了现有技术中的乳剂粒径大、均质压力高、难以放大生产的问题。
本发明提供了一种稳定的AmB脂肪乳剂,该乳剂中含有0.2~1.0%的两性霉素B,5.0~20.0%的注射用油,1.0~5.0%磷脂,该制备的乳剂平均粒径小于300nm。
进一步本发明提供一种稳定的AmB脂肪乳剂,该乳剂中含有0.2~1.0%的两性霉素B,5.0~20.0%的注射用油,1.0~5.0%磷脂,该乳剂的pH小于8.7。
其中本发明所述的磷脂为天然或合成的卵磷脂及其衍生物、大豆磷脂及其衍生物、脑磷脂及其衍生物、心磷脂及其衍生物、磷脂酰肌醇及其衍生物、磷酯酰丝氨酸及其衍生物、磷脂酰甘油及其衍生物、磷脂酸及其衍生物、磷酯酰乙醇胺及其衍生物、磷脂酰胆碱及其衍生物、磷脂酰肌醇及其衍生物、神经鞘磷脂及其衍生物、磷脂及其衍生物、及上述物质的氢化产物中的一种或多种,在某些实施例中本发明所用的磷脂有大豆磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、氢化大豆磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油钠或者精制蛋黄卵磷脂中的一种或几种。
所述注射用油为大豆油、芝麻油、茶油、橄榄油、玉米油、椰子油、蓖麻油、氢化蓖麻油、鱼油、中链甘油单酯、中链甘油双酯、中链甘油三酯、油酸乙酯、乙酰化单甘油酯、亚油酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇月桂酸甘油酯的一种或多种,其中优选大豆油、蓖麻油、氢化蓖麻油或者茶油。
进一步的本发明所述的含有两性霉素B的脂肪乳剂中还含有抗氧剂、等渗调节剂等其他药学上可接受的赋形剂。
所述等渗调节剂为甘油、葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇中的一种或多种。
所述抗氧剂为焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、硫代硫酸钠、二丁基苯酚、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、L-半胱氨酸、生育酚中的一种或多种。
本发明在研发中发现,当pH小于8.7,体系会结晶析出两性霉素B纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒粒径小于200nm,由于AmB颗粒粒径小,在高压均质促溶过程中,可显著降低均质压力与均质次数,因此可在较低压力条件下进行高压均质,最终制备得到均一稳定乳液。
基于上述发现,研究人发现随着乳液pH值增加,析出的两性霉素B纳米颗粒平均粒径减小。当乳液pH值小于5.0,体系粘度明显增加。当pH值大于7.0,体系偏碱,部分药物无法沉淀析出,呈游离状态而不能有效包载于磷脂层。
发明人进一步调节含有AmB的脂肪乳pH至5.0~7.0,测定沉淀析出两性霉素B纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒粒径小于200nm,在较低压力条件下高压均质,最终制备得到平均粒径小于300nm的均一稳定乳液。
本发明所述的两性霉素B脂肪乳,在某些实施例中沉淀析出的AmB纳米颗粒的粒径小于150nm。
本发明所述的两性霉素B脂肪乳,在某些实施例中经高压均质,最终制备得到平均粒径小于200nm的均一稳定乳液。
本发明所述的两性霉素B脂肪乳的制备方法是先将药物溶于稀碱液,然后加入磷脂等辅料,分散均一后再加入注射用油,制备初乳;调节初乳pH至5.0~7.0,两性霉素B纳米颗粒析出,经高压均质促溶,得终乳,最后灌封、湿热灭菌,即得本产品。
本发明所述脂肪乳剂可在压力不高于700bar的条件下进行高压均质,进一步优选高压均质的压力300~700bar。
本发明所述的碱液选自氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、碳酸氢钠溶液或者碳酸钠溶液等。
本发明使用pH调节液进行pH调节,所述的pH调节液可以选自无机酸调节液,例如盐酸、硫酸等,也可以选自有机酸调节液,例如乙酸等。
本发明所述的含有两性霉素B的脂肪乳的制备方法如下:
(1)向注射水中加入碱液,然后加入药物原料,搅拌溶解;
(2)再加入磷脂、抗氧化剂、等渗调节剂,搅拌分散均一;
(3)加入注射用油,得初乳;
(4)调节初乳pH至5.0~7.0;
(5)300~700bar高压均质,得终乳;
(6)灌封,湿热灭菌,即得。
本发明经过实验证明,可制备平均粒径小于300nm的终乳液。乳液在25±2℃条件下放置6月,平均粒径和多分散指数基本无变化,无破乳和漂油现象发生,表现出良好的稳定性。
本发明所述的脂肪乳剂,两性霉素B原料无需微粉化,高压均质压力低,利于放大,制备获得的乳液粒径均一,有效提高了两性霉素B的稳定性。
说明书附图
图1 实施例1 调节pH后,体系析出的两性霉素B纳米颗粒扫描电镜图;
图2 实施例1 乳液粒度分布图;
图3 实施例2 调节pH后,体系析出的两性霉素B纳米颗粒扫描电镜图;
图4 实施例2 乳液粒度分布图;
图5 实施例3 调节pH后,体系析出的两性霉素B纳米颗粒扫描电镜图;
图6 实施例3 乳液粒度分布图;
图7 实施例1 稳定性-放置不同时间的粒度分布对比;
图8 实施例2 稳定性放置不同时间的粒度分布对比;
图9 实施例3 稳定性放置不同时间的粒度分布对比;
图10 pH为4.5时,高压均质后的乳液粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
制备方法:
(1)向150ml注射用水中加入1.0ml 氢氧化钠溶液,然后加入两性霉素B,搅拌溶解,得药物水溶液;
(2)药物水溶液中再加入精制蛋黄磷脂、焦亚硫酸钠、甘露醇,水浴70℃搅拌分散均一;
(3)然后加入茶油,10000rpm搅拌1min,得初乳;
(4)在磁力1500rpm搅拌条件下,用稀盐酸调节初乳pH值至6.0,再补加水至200ml;
(5)高压均质,均质压力600bar;
(6)充氮灌封,121℃灭菌15min,即得。
由于两性霉素B纳米颗粒与初乳液滴混合在一起,无法分析两性霉素B纳米颗粒的大小。为进一步分析该条件下析出的两性霉素B颗粒大小,在磁力1500rpm搅拌条件下,用稀盐酸将药物水溶液pH值调节至6.0,得半透明纳米混悬液,颗粒平均粒径为98.2nm,制备的终乳液平均粒径为180.9nm,多分散指数为0.113。
实施例2:
制备方法:
(1)向130ml注射用水中加入0.5ml 氢氧化钠溶液,然后加入两性霉素B,搅拌溶解,得药物水溶液;
(2)药物水溶液中再加入氢化大豆磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油钠、生育酚、甘油,水浴70℃搅拌分散均一;
(3)然后加入大豆油,10000rpm搅拌1min,得初乳;
(4)在磁力1500rpm搅拌条件下,用稀盐酸调节初乳pH值至6.8,再补加水至200ml;
(5)高压均质,均质压力600bar;
(6)充氮灌封,121℃灭菌15min,即得;
该实施例下析出的纳米颗粒平均粒径为46.9nm,制备的终乳液平均粒径为134.7nm,多分散指数为0.124。
实施例3:
制备方法:
(1)向150ml注射用水中加入0.5ml 氢氧化钠溶液,然后加入两性霉素B,搅拌溶解,得药物水溶液;
(2)药物水溶液中再加入大豆磷脂、L-半胱氨酸、甘油,水浴70℃搅拌分散均一;
(3)加入蓖麻油,10000rpm搅拌1min,得初乳;
(4)在磁力1500rpm搅拌条件下,然后用稀盐酸调节体系pH值至5.0,再补加水至200ml;
(5)高压均质,均质压力300bar;
(6)充氮灌封,121℃灭菌15min,即得;
该实施例下析出的纳米颗粒平均粒径为182.5nm,制备的终乳液平均粒径为258.8nm,多分散指数为0.150。
实施例4 稳定性试验
将实施例1~3的乳液样品,于25±2℃条件下放置,不同时间内观测其性状、含量、pH值、平均粒径、多分散指数,结果如下:
结论:乳液稳定性良好,在25±2℃情况下放置6月,其性状、含量、pH、平均粒径和多分散指数均未有明显变化。
实施例5 pH对比实验
处方:
实验步骤
(1)向130ml注射用水中加入0.5ml 氢氧化钠溶液,然后加入两性霉素B,搅拌溶解,得药物水溶液;
(2)药物水溶液中再加入氢化大豆磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油钠、生育酚、甘油,水浴70℃搅拌分散均一;
(3)然后加入大豆油,10000rpm搅拌1min,得初乳;
(4)在磁力1500rpm搅拌条件下,用稀盐酸调节初乳pH值,再补加水至200ml;
(5)高压均质,均质压力600bar;
(6)充氮灌封,121℃灭菌15min,即得。
初乳pH值对终产品粒径的影响如下所示:
当乳液pH值高于5.0,体系粘度较小,所制备乳液平均粒径相差较小。当乳液pH值小于5.0,体系粘度明显增加。当pH值降至4.5,体系部分凝结成小块,对高压均质造成较大影响,所制备乳液粒度分布较宽,呈双峰分布。当pH值降至4.3,体系形成数量较多的大团块,流动性差,无法进行高压均质。当pH值大于7.0,体系偏碱,部分药物会无法沉淀析出,呈游离状态而不能有效包载于磷脂层。
Claims (11)
1.一种稳定的两性霉素B乳剂,该乳剂中含有0.2~1.0%的两性霉素B,5.0~20.0%的注射用油,1.0~5.0%磷脂,该制备的终乳剂平均粒径小于300nm,且该乳剂的pH小于8.7。
2.根据权利要求1所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于该乳剂的pH为5.0 ~ 7.0。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于终乳剂平均粒径小于200nm。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于所述的磷脂选自大豆磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、氢化大豆磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油钠或者精制蛋黄卵磷脂。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于所述的注射用油选自大豆油、蓖麻油、氢化蓖麻油或者茶油。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于该乳剂采用不高于700bar的压力进行高压均质。
7.根据权利要求6所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于该乳剂采用300bar~700bar的压力进行高压均质。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于该乳剂的制备方法是先将两性霉素B溶于稀碱液,然后加入磷脂等辅料,分散均一后再加入注射用油,制备初乳;调节初乳pH至5.0~7.0,两性霉素B纳米颗粒析出,经高压均质促溶,得终乳,最后灌封、湿热灭菌,即得本产品。
9.根据权利要求7所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于调节初乳pH时,析出的两性霉素B纳米颗粒粒径小于200nm。
10.根据权利要求7所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于调节初乳pH时,析出的两性霉素B纳米颗粒粒径小于150nm。
11.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的两性霉素B乳剂,其特征在于该乳剂的制备方法如下:
向注射水中加入碱液,然后加入药物原料,搅拌溶解;
再加入磷脂、抗氧化剂、等渗调节剂,搅拌分散均一;
加入注射用油,得初乳;
调节初乳pH至5.0~7.0;
300~700bar高压均质,得终乳;
灌封,湿热灭菌,即得。
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CN116686841B (zh) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-07-19 | 丽珠集团新北江制药股份有限公司 | 一种含有多烯烃大环内酯类物质的液态组合物的制备方法 |
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