CN113417646B - Large-section tunnel supporting structure suitable for Xigeda stratum and construction method - Google Patents
Large-section tunnel supporting structure suitable for Xigeda stratum and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
- E21D11/22—Clamps or other yieldable means for interconnecting adjacent arch members either rigidly, or allowing arch member parts to slide when subjected to excessive pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/28—Longitudinal struts, i.e. longitudinal connections between adjoining arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-section tunnel supporting structure suitable for a Xigeda stratum and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, wherein the supporting structure comprises a double-layer steel arch frame and an anchoring support, the Xigeda stratum is excavated and constructed by adopting a three-step seven-step excavation method to form an excavation section with an upper step, a middle step and a lower step, the double-layer steel arch frame is erected at the top of an excavation tunnel, the upper step, the middle step and the lower step are all provided with anchoring supports, and the anchoring support of each step is welded with the double-layer steel arch frame, so that the whole supporting system forms a longitudinal connection system to support the tunnel; the construction method adopts a pipe shed advanced reinforcement-three-step seven-step excavation method to excavate a tunnel and apply a tunnel supporting structure; aiming at the characteristics of the Xigeda stratum, by implementing the technical scheme, the surrounding rock state of the Xigeda stratum after tunnel excavation can be effectively improved, the stability of the structure is improved, the tunnel deformation is strictly controlled, and the settlement or deformation of a ground building is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a large-section tunnel supporting structure suitable for a Xigeda stratum and a construction method.
Background
The Xigeda stratum is a special semi-diagenetic distributed in Panxi area of China, mainly comprises clay rock, silt clay rock and siltstone, and has the characteristics of large pore ratio, poor cohesive force and water stability and the like. The Xigeda stratum is a soft soil stratum with extremely poor engineering properties, geological disaster frequently occurs when a large-section tunnel passes through the Xigeda stratum, and the large-section tunnel construction process of the stratum is characterized by the phenomena of poor surrounding rock self-stabilization capability, serious tunnel large deformation problem, tunnel face collapse and the like. There are few effective countermeasures against these geological disasters of the Xigeda strata.
However, in our country, as many as ten tunnels are built to pass through the Xigeda stratum, the existing construction method has at least the following technical defects: on one hand, sudden collapse, large deformation and other geological disasters in the construction process seriously threaten the safety of constructors and equipment and influence the construction progress, and on the other hand, excessive surrounding rock pressure and large deformation easily cause the damage of failure of primary support, sinking of existing buildings on the ground and the like. Therefore, how to effectively improve the surrounding rock conditions of the large-section tunnel engineering of the Xigeda stratum and strictly control the settlement and deformation of the Xigeda stratum and the ground building thereof becomes an engineering difficult problem to be solved in the large-section tunnel construction of the Xigeda stratum.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a large-section tunnel supporting structure suitable for the Xigeda stratum, which can effectively improve the surrounding rock supporting state of the Xigeda stratum after excavation, increase the stability of the structure, effectively strictly control the tunnel deformation and prevent the settlement or deformation of a ground building.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a be adapted to big section tunnel supporting construction in Xigeda stratum, big section tunnel supporting construction includes double-deck steel bow member and anchor support, xigeda stratum adopts seven excavation methods of three steps to carry out tunnel excavation construction to be formed with the excavation section of last step, well step and step down, erect at the top of excavation tunnel double-deck steel bow member, all be provided with on the horizontal section of going up step, well step and step down anchor support, every layer of step anchor support all welds with double-deck steel bow member, so that whole supporting system forms a longitudinal joint system and supports the tunnel.
According to the technical scheme, the anchoring support comprises a foot locking anchor rod and a large foot locking anchor rod, 2 42mm foot locking anchor rods and 2 76mm large foot locking anchor rods are respectively arranged on two sides of an arch foot of an upper step when each layer of step support construction is carried out, 2 42mm foot locking anchor rods and 2 76mm large foot locking anchor rods are respectively arranged on two sides of an arch foot of a middle step and a lower step, the foot locking anchor rods are driven into a stratum for 2/3 fixation, 1/2 fixation is driven into the large foot locking anchor rods, and the foot locking anchor rods and the large foot locking anchor rods are bound and connected by steel wires; according to the technical scheme, the anchoring support of each step is welded and fixed with the double-layer steel arch frame, the anchoring support is used as an important component of the tunnel supporting structure, the structural strength of the foot locking anchor rod is enhanced, reasonable supporting parameters are adjusted, the stress condition of the whole tunnel supporting structure can be remarkably improved, the stability of the whole structure is improved, and the deformation and displacement settlement of the tunnel are strictly controlled.
In the technical scheme, the anchoring support is arranged within a range of 20cm-30cm away from the arch springing and is inserted into a rock mass within an included angle range of 40-50 degrees with the axis of the double-layer steel arch; further preferably, the anchoring support is arranged at a position 25cm away from the arch foot and is inserted into the rock body at an included angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the double-layer steel arch frame, and comprehensive measures such as reinforcing the parameters of the lock foot anchor rod, supporting the large arch foot, pre-reinforcing the tunnel face and the like are adopted to control tunnel deformation according to the special properties of the Xigeda stratum.
Preferably, the double-layer steel arch in the large-section tunnel supporting structure comprises an outer-layer steel arch made of HW175 section steel and an inner-layer steel arch made of I18 section steel.
According to the technical scheme, preferably, the outer layer steel arch and the inner layer steel arch are connected through springs, the springs are welded with the inner layer steel arch, and the springs are connected with the outer layer steel arch through bolts; according to the technical scheme, according to the special properties of the Xigeda stratum, the double-layer steel arch is installed, and the outer-layer steel arch and the inner-layer steel arch are flexibly connected, so that the method can effectively adapt to the large deformation of the Xigeda stratum; in the tunnel construction process, firstly, an inner layer steel arch and a spring which are tightly attached to surrounding rock are installed, and then, an outer layer inner layer steel arch is installed; simple structure, installation are convenient, are applicable to the construction of the large-section tunnel in the special stratum of Xigeda.
The technical scheme is that the inner steel arch frame and the outer steel arch frame are vertically overlapped with each other; the inner layer steel arch frame is welded and fixed with the anchoring support, and the outer layer steel arch frame is connected with the anchoring support through bolts.
According to the technical scheme, the large-section tunnel supporting structure further comprises a prestress anchor rod, so that the prestress anchor rod is arranged in a pressing inclination angle range of 20-40 degrees in a pressing manner close to the two side edges of the double-layer steel arch after the double-layer steel arch is installed; further preferably, the pre-stress anchor rods are arranged by pressing the two side edges of the double-layer steel arch frame at a downward inclination angle of 30 degrees in a clinging manner, and the tunnel supporting structure and the construction method can strengthen the structural stability of the tunnel supporting structure applied to the Xigeda stratum, improve the stress condition of the tunnel supporting structure and strengthen the surrounding rock state of the Xigeda stratum.
According to the technical scheme, preferably, the prestress anchor rod extends to the inner side of the double-layer steel arch frame and a stress diffusion cushion block is arranged between the inner-layer steel arch frame and is used for diffusing prestress of the stress anchor rod onto the supporting structure, so that the purpose of uniformly stressing the supporting structure is achieved; according to the technical scheme, the stress diffusion pad block is combined with the prestress anchor rod, the double-layer steel arch frame and the structural design of the high-strength spring, and forms a tunnel supporting structure with each layer of anchoring support, so that the structure is suitable for large-section tunnel construction of the Xigeda stratum, particularly, a tunnel supporting system for large deformation of the Xigeda stratum is formed at the position of the upper arc pilot tunnel, the surrounding rock state of the Xigeda stratum after excavation can be remarkably improved, and further, the surrounding rock supporting condition of the large-section tunnel engineering and settlement and deformation of the stratum and a ground building are improved.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a large-section tunnel construction method suitable for the Xigeda stratum, which utilizes the large-section tunnel supporting structure and comprises the following steps:
the pipe shed is subjected to advanced reinforcement, and the pipe shed and the advanced small guide pipe are adopted for advanced reinforcement so as to form an initial support;
adopting a three-step seven-step excavation method to perform tunnel excavation construction, and gradually releasing surrounding rock stress;
firstly, excavating an upper arc pilot pit in the circumferential direction of a tunnel, reserving core soil, immediately spraying concrete after excavating, and timely installing the large-section tunnel supporting structure after concrete spraying;
the large-section tunnel supporting structure comprises a double-layer steel arch and an anchoring bracket;
after the upper arc pilot pit is excavated, the left side and the right side of the middle step are excavated sequentially, the left side and the right side of the lower step are excavated, core soil is reserved for the upper step, the middle step and the lower step, the shotcrete and the step support construction are sequentially carried out in time after each layer of step is excavated, the anchoring support is arranged on each layer of step, and the anchoring support of each layer of step is welded with the double-layer steel arch frame, so that the whole support system forms a longitudinal connecting system to support the tunnel.
Aiming at the characteristics of large pore ratio of the Xigeda stratum, poor cohesive force and water stability and easy occurrence of large deformation in tunnel excavation, the three-step seven-step excavation method is adopted and the tunnel supporting structure construction is combined, so that the stress of surrounding rock can be gradually released, the purpose of controlling the deformation of the tunnel face is effectively achieved, and the disturbance to the surrounding rock is reduced; meanwhile, concrete is sprayed immediately after a tunnel is excavated, the double-layer steel arch and the anchoring support are utilized as a large-deformation tunnel supporting structure of the Xigeda stratum, the surrounding rock supporting state of the Xigeda stratum after excavation can be effectively improved, and the anchoring support of each step is welded with the double-layer steel arch, so that a longitudinal connecting system is formed by the whole supporting system to support the tunnel, the stress condition of the tunnel supporting structure is comprehensively improved, the stability of the structure is improved, the tunnel deformation is effectively controlled in the construction process, the settlement and deformation of a ground building are prevented, and the method has good application prospect.
According to the technical scheme, in the pipe shed advanced reinforcement step, the tunnel arch is constructed by adopting a 159mm pipe shed and a sleeve method, the circumferential spacing of the pipe shed is 0.4m, each pipe shed ring is 60m long, 49 pipe shed rings are installed each ring, the lap joint length of two adjacent pipe shed rings is not less than 5m, and by adopting the parameter conditions and the structure, the front surrounding rock can be effectively reinforced aiming at the characteristics of weak and poor supporting capability of the Xigeda stratum, and collapse, roof collapse and other accidents in the construction process are prevented.
In the technical scheme, preferably, in the pipe shed advanced reinforcement step, the tunnel arch part adopts a 42mm small guide pipe, the sleeve method is adopted for construction, the annular distance between the small guide pipes is 0.4m, each small guide pipe is provided with one ring per 2.4m, 49 rings are provided, each ring is 3.5m long, surrounding rock can be reinforced by using the parameter condition and the structure to effectively match with the pipe shed advanced reinforcement scheme, the stability of the construction structure is ensured, and the deformation of the tunnel is effectively controlled.
According to the technical scheme, preferably, the circulating footage is reasonably determined according to the geological condition of the Xigeda stratum: in the three-step seven-step excavation method, the step length is 0.5-1.0 m, and 4-6 cm of concrete is sprayed immediately after excavation, so that the exposure time of surrounding rock is shortened, and the problem that the surrounding rock contacts air for a long time to cause deterioration of mechanical parameters is avoided; the length of the core soil is controlled to be 4-6 m, and the width of the core soil is 1/3-1/2 of the excavation width of the tunnel; on the premise of ensuring the construction operation space, the step length is shortened as much as possible, the aim of gradually releasing confining pressure stress is fulfilled by controlling the excavation footage and reserving core soil with reasonable size, and the method is suitable for large-section tunnel construction of Xigeda special stratum.
According to the technical scheme, preferably, according to the special property of the Xigeda stratum, the two sides of the middle step and the lower step are excavated in a staggered mode, and the staggered distance is 2-4 m; and the inverted arch is constructed in advance in the excavation process, the upper step excavation working face of the upper arch distance is controlled to be about 30m, the stability of the structure can be effectively enhanced, and the strength and the stability of surrounding rock are further ensured.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the construction method aims at the characteristic of large deformation of the Xigeda stratum, adopts a pipe shed advanced reinforcement and three-step seven-step excavation method to carry out construction, achieves the aim of gradually releasing confining pressure stress by controlling excavation footage and reserving core soil with reasonable size, effectively achieves the aim of controlling the deformation of the tunnel face, and reduces disturbance to surrounding rock; meanwhile, concrete is sprayed immediately after the tunnel is excavated, so that the exposure time of surrounding rock is shortened, and the deterioration of mechanical parameters caused by long-time contact of the surrounding rock with air is prevented, and the method is suitable for large-section tunnel construction of Xigeda special stratum.
2. The construction method combines the tunnel supporting structure to perform construction, and the double-layer steel arch and the anchoring support are used as the whole tunnel supporting structure, and the anchoring support of each layer of steps is welded with the double-layer steel arch, so that the whole supporting system forms a longitudinal connecting system to support the tunnel, the surrounding rock supporting state of the Xigeda stratum after excavation can be effectively improved, the stress condition of the tunnel supporting structure is comprehensively improved, the stability of the structure is improved, the deformation of the tunnel is effectively controlled in the construction process, and the settlement and the deformation of a ground building are prevented.
3. According to the construction method, according to the special properties of the Xigeda stratum, the stability of the structure can be further enhanced by setting the advanced inverted arch and enhancing the supporting parameters of the foot locking anchor rod, so that the strength and stability of surrounding rock are further ensured, the anchoring support is used as an important component of the tunnel supporting structure, and the stress condition of the whole tunnel supporting structure can be obviously improved by enhancing the structural strength of the foot locking anchor rod and adjusting reasonable supporting parameters, so that the deformation and displacement settlement of the tunnel are strictly controlled.
4. Aiming at the characteristics of poor self-stabilization capability, large pore ratio, poor cohesive force and water stability and easy occurrence of large deformation in tunnel excavation of the surrounding rock of the Xigeda stratum, the invention improves a tunnel supporting structure aiming at the large deformation of the Xigeda stratum, wherein the double-layer steel arch adopts a flexible connection mode of the outer-layer steel arch and the inner-layer steel arch, can effectively adapt to the large deformation of the Xigeda stratum, and in the tunnel construction process, the inner-layer steel arch and the spring which are tightly attached to the surrounding rock are firstly installed, and then the outer-layer inner-layer steel arch is installed; simple structure, installation are convenient, are applicable to the construction of the large-section tunnel in the special stratum of Xigeda.
5. The tunnel supporting structure adopts the structural design of combining the prestress anchor rod arrangement with the stress diffusion cushion blocks and the double-layer steel arch, can effectively achieve the aim of uniformly stressing the whole tunnel supporting structure, is suitable for large-section tunnel construction of the Xigeda stratum, particularly forms a tunnel supporting system aiming at large deformation of the Xigeda stratum together at the position of the upper arc pilot pit, can obviously improve surrounding rock state of the Xigeda stratum after excavation, further obviously improves surrounding rock supporting conditions of the large-section tunnel engineering, strictly controls settlement and deformation of the stratum and a ground building, and has good application prospect and popularization and use value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly describe the drawings in the embodiments, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a three-step seven-step excavation method utilizing an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of anchor braces and double steel arches utilizing an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the reinforcement of a greenhouse and a small duct according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a large section tunnel support structure adapted to a siegeda formation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-advanced support; 2-core soil; 3-lining; 4-steps; 5-inverted arch; 6-double-layer steel arch frames; 7-42 locking anchor rods; 8-76 big lock foot anchor rods; 9-concrete guide walls; 10-small catheter; 11-greenhouse; 12-the top surface of the inner rail of the tunnel; 13-a prestressed anchor rod anchoring section; 14-prestress anchor rods; 15-stress diffusion pad; 16-spring.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Example 1
The embodiment further provides a large-section tunnel supporting structure suitable for the Xigeda stratum, which comprises a double-layer steel arch 6 and an anchoring support, wherein the Xigeda stratum is subjected to tunnel excavation construction by adopting a three-step seven-step excavation method according to the special properties of the Xigeda stratum so as to form an excavation section of an upper step, a middle step and a lower step, the double-layer steel arch is erected on the top of the excavation tunnel, the horizontal sections of the upper step, the middle step and the lower step are respectively provided with the anchoring support, the anchoring support of each step is welded with the double-layer steel arch, so that the whole supporting system forms a longitudinal connecting system to support the tunnel, the anchoring support comprises a locking anchor rod and a large locking anchor rod, 2 locking anchor rods 7 and 2 locking anchor rods 8 with the length of 76mm are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper step arch, and 2 locking anchor rods 7 and 2 locking anchor rods 8 with the length of 76mm are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle step and the lower step arch; as described above, in this embodiment, the anchoring support of each step 4 is welded and fixed with the double-layer steel arch 6, and the anchoring support is used as an important component of the tunnel supporting structure, and by enhancing the structural strength of the foot locking anchor rod 7 and adjusting reasonable supporting parameters, the stress condition of the whole tunnel supporting structure can be significantly improved, the stability of the whole structure is increased, and further the deformation and displacement settlement of the tunnel are strictly controlled.
On the other hand, the embodiment also provides a construction method of a large-section tunnel suitable for the Xigeda stratum, which is practically applied to a quick-response railway quick-response bay tunnel by using the large-section tunnel supporting structure, and the tunnel passes through a third-system Xigeda stratum with a section mainly typical, the rock mass of the whole stratum is soft and easy to weather, the water is easy to soften and disintegrate, the water stability is poor, the steep joint is developed, the roof and the wall of the tunnel are easy to fall off and collapse, engineering geological conditions are extremely poor, and in order to improve the surrounding rock state of the Xigeda stratum after excavation and strictly control the settlement and deformation of the stratum and a ground building, the construction method of the large-section tunnel supporting structure comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 3, in order to effectively control tunnel deformation, a concrete guide wall 9 is arranged, and a large pipe shed 11 and a small advance duct 10 are adopted to conduct pipe shed advanced reinforcement so as to form an primary support 1; specifically, in the pipe shed advanced reinforcement step, a 159mm pipe shed 11 is adopted for the tunnel arch part, a sleeve method is adopted for construction, the circumferential spacing of the pipe sheds 11 is 0.4m, the length of each pipe shed 11 ring is 60m, 49 pipe sheds are installed on each ring, the lap joint length of two adjacent pipe sheds 11 rings is not less than 5m, and by adopting the parameter conditions and the structure, the front surrounding rock can be effectively reinforced aiming at the characteristics of weak Xigeda stratum and poor supporting capability, and collapse, roof collapse and other accidents in the construction process are prevented; meanwhile, the tunnel arch part is constructed by adopting a 42mm small guide pipe 10 and adopting a sleeve method, the annular spacing of the small guide pipes 10 is 0.4m, every 2.4m of the small guide pipe 10 is provided with one ring and 49 rings are provided, each ring is 3.5m long, surrounding rock can be reinforced by using the parameter condition and the structure to effectively cooperate with the scheme of advanced reinforcement of a pipe shed, the stability of the construction structure is ensured, and the deformation of the tunnel is effectively controlled; constructing a lining 3 after the strength of the primary support 1 meets the requirement, and flattening the top surface 12 of the inner rail of the tunnel after the construction of the lining 3 is completed;
adopting a three-step 4 seven-step excavation method to perform tunnel excavation construction, and gradually releasing surrounding rock stress; specifically, according to the geological condition of the Xigeda stratum, the cyclic footage is reasonably determined: in the three-step 4 seven-step excavation method, the excavation length of each step 4 is 0.6m, the length of core soil 2 is 5m, and the width of the core soil 2 is 1/2 of the excavation width of a tunnel; on the premise of ensuring the construction operation space, the length of the step 4 is shortened as much as possible, the aim of gradually releasing confining pressure stress is fulfilled by controlling the method of excavating footage and reserving core soil 2 with reasonable size, and the method is suitable for large-section tunnel construction of the Xigeda special stratum;
meanwhile, in the three-step 4 seven-step excavation method step, according to the special property of the Xigeda stratum, the two sides of the middle step 4 and the lower step 4 are excavated in a staggered mode, and the staggered distance is 3m; in addition, the inverted arch 5 is arranged in advance in the excavation process, the distance between the inverted arch 5 and the excavation working surface of the upper step 4 is preferably controlled to be 30m, the stability of the structure can be effectively enhanced, and the strength and the stability of surrounding rock are further ensured;
the method comprises the steps of installing a large-section tunnel supporting structure, firstly excavating an upper arc pilot tunnel in the circumferential direction of a tunnel, reserving core soil 2, spraying concrete immediately after excavation, and spraying 5cm concrete immediately after each excavation, wherein the purpose is to reduce the exposure time of surrounding rocks and prevent the surrounding rocks from contacting air for a long time to cause the deterioration of mechanical parameters; the large-section tunnel supporting structure is timely installed after the concrete is sprayed; the large-section tunnel supporting structure comprises a double-layer steel arch 16 and an anchoring support, wherein the anchoring support is supported by adopting a prestressed anchor rod and mainly comprises a prestressed anchor rod anchoring section 13, an anchor rod 14, a foot locking anchor rod 7, a large foot locking anchor rod 8 and a stress diffusion cushion block 15;
after the upper arc pilot pit is excavated, the left side and the right side of the middle step 4 are excavated sequentially, the left side and the right side of the lower step 4 are excavated, the core soil 2 is reserved for the upper step 4, the middle step 4 and the lower step 4, the shotcrete and the step 4 support construction are sequentially carried out in time after each layer of step 4 is excavated, the anchoring support is arranged on each layer of step, and the anchoring support of each layer of step 4 is welded with the double-layer steel arch so that the whole support system forms a longitudinal connecting system to support the tunnel.
The embodiment is suitable for a large-section tunnel construction method of a Xigeda stratum, firstly, construction is carried out by adopting a pipe shed advanced reinforcement and three-step 4 seven-step excavation method, the aim of gradually releasing the confining pressure stress is fulfilled by controlling the excavation footage and reserving core soil 2 with reasonable size, the aim of controlling the deformation of a tunnel face is effectively fulfilled, and disturbance to surrounding rock is reduced; secondly, concrete is sprayed immediately after the tunnel is excavated, so that the exposure time of surrounding rock is reduced, and the deterioration of mechanical parameters caused by long-time contact of the surrounding rock with air is prevented, and the method is suitable for large-section tunnel construction of Xigeda special stratum; the construction method combines the tunnel supporting structure to perform construction, and the double-layer steel arch 6 and the anchoring support are utilized as the whole tunnel supporting structure, the double-layer high double-layer steel arch comprises the inner-layer steel arch and the outer-layer steel arch, the inner-layer steel arch and the outer-layer steel arch are mutually and vertically overlapped, the inner-layer steel arch of the double-layer steel arch and the anchoring support are welded and fixed, the outer-layer steel arch of the double-layer steel arch and the anchoring support are connected through bolts, so that the whole supporting system forms a longitudinal connecting system to support the tunnel, the surrounding rock supporting state of the Xigeda stratum after excavation can be effectively improved, the stress condition of the tunnel supporting structure is comprehensively improved, the stability of the structure is improved, the tunnel deformation is effectively controlled in the construction process, and the settlement and the deformation of a ground building are prevented.
Example two
The embodiment further provides a large-section tunnel supporting structure suitable for the Xigeda stratum, the large-section tunnel supporting structure provided by the embodiment comprises a double-layer steel arch 6 and an anchoring support, the Xigeda stratum is subjected to tunnel excavation construction by adopting a three-step seven-step excavation method according to the special property of the Xigeda stratum so as to form an excavation section with an upper step, a middle step and a lower step, the double-layer steel arch is erected on the top of the excavation tunnel, the anchoring support of each step is arranged on the horizontal section of the upper step, the middle step and the lower step, the anchoring support of each step is welded with the double-layer steel arch, so that the whole supporting system forms a longitudinal connecting system to support the tunnel, the anchoring support comprises locking feet and large locking foot anchors, 2 locking feet 7 and 2 locking feet 8 are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper step and 2 locking feet 8, and 2 locking feet 8 are respectively arranged on two sides of the locking feet of each step and 2 anchor rods are respectively provided with 2 locking feet 8 mm anchor rods when each step 4 is used for supporting construction; as described above, in this embodiment, the anchoring support of each step 4 is welded and fixed with the double-layer steel arch 6, and the anchoring support is used as an important component of the tunnel supporting structure, and by enhancing the structural strength of the foot locking anchor rod 7 and adjusting reasonable supporting parameters, the stress condition of the whole tunnel supporting structure can be significantly improved, the stability of the whole structure is increased, and further the deformation and displacement settlement of the tunnel are strictly controlled.
Further, the anchoring support is arranged at a position 20cm-30cm away from the arch springing and is inserted into the rock mass within an included angle of 40-50 degrees with the axis of the arch centering; the anchoring support is arranged at a position 25cm away from the arch leg and is inserted into a rock body at an included angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the double-layer steel arch, and comprehensive measures such as reinforcing the parameters of the lock leg anchor rod 7, supporting the large arch leg, pre-reinforcing the tunnel face and the like are adopted to control tunnel deformation according to the special properties of the Xigeda stratum.
In the illustrated embodiment, the double-layer steel arch 6 in the tunnel supporting structure comprises an outer-layer steel arch made of HW175 section steel and an inner-layer steel arch made of I18 section steel, specifically, the inner-layer steel arch and the outer-layer steel arch are mutually and vertically overlapped, the inner-layer steel arch of the double-layer steel arch is welded and fixed with an anchoring bracket, and the outer-layer steel arch of the double-layer steel arch is connected with the anchoring bracket through bolts; the outer layer steel arch frame and the inner layer steel arch frame are connected through a spring 16, the spring 16 in the embodiment is a high-strength spring in the field of building construction, the spring 16 is welded with the inner layer steel arch frame, and the spring 16 is connected with the outer layer steel arch frame through bolts; according to the special properties of the Xigeda stratum, the embodiment adopts a mode of installing the double-layer steel arch 6 and flexibly connecting the outer-layer steel arch and the inner-layer steel arch, so that the method can effectively adapt to the large deformation of the Xigeda stratum; in the tunnel construction process, firstly, an inner layer steel arch and a spring 16 which are tightly attached to surrounding rock are installed, and then, an outer layer inner layer steel arch is installed; simple structure, installation are convenient, are applicable to the construction of the large-section tunnel in the special stratum of Xigeda.
Preferably, the tunnel supporting structure further comprises a pre-stress anchor rod 14, so that the pre-stress anchor rod 14 is arranged within the range of 20-40 degrees of the downward inclination angle of the two side edges of the double-layer steel arch 6 after the double-layer steel arch 6 is installed; the pre-stress anchor rod is arranged by pressing the two side edges of the double-layer steel arch frame at a downward inclination angle of 30 degrees, and the tunnel supporting structure and the construction method can strengthen the structural stability of the tunnel supporting structure applied to the Xigeda stratum, improve the stress condition of the tunnel supporting structure and strengthen the surrounding rock state of the Xigeda stratum.
Further, the prestressed anchor rods 14 extend to the inner side of the double-layer steel arch 6, and a stress diffusion cushion block 15 is arranged between the inner layer steel arch and is used for diffusing the prestress of the prestressed anchor rods onto the supporting structure, so that the purpose of uniformly stressing the supporting structure is achieved.
As described above, in this embodiment, the stress diffusion spacer 15 combines the structural design of the pre-stress anchor rod 14, the double-layer steel arch 6 and the high-strength spring 16, and forms a tunnel supporting structure with each layer of anchoring support, so as to adapt to the large-section tunnel construction of the siegeda stratum, especially, the large-deformation tunnel supporting system for the siegeda stratum is formed together at the position of the upper arc pilot tunnel, so that the surrounding rock state of the siegeda stratum after excavation can be significantly improved, and further, the supporting condition of the surrounding rock of the large-section tunnel engineering and the settlement and deformation of the stratum and the ground building are improved.
In summary, the invention aims at the characteristics of poor self-stabilization capability, large pore ratio, poor cohesive force and water stability and easy occurrence of large deformation of tunnel excavation of the surrounding rock of the Xigeda stratum, improves a large-section tunnel supporting structure suitable for the Xigeda stratum, also provides a large-section tunnel construction method suitable for the Xigeda stratum in an applicable manner, particularly forms a large-section tunnel supporting system for the Xigeda stratum together at the position of an upper arc pilot tunnel, and can obviously improve the surrounding rock state of the Xigeda stratum after excavation, further obviously improve the settlement and deformation of the surrounding rock supporting condition of the large-section tunnel engineering and the ground building, has good application prospect and popularization and use value, and is suitable for popularization and application.
The specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and one skilled in the art, in light of the teachings of this invention, may make various substitutions and alterations to some of its features without the need for inventive faculty, all being within the scope of this invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a big section tunnel supporting construction who is suitable for Xigeda stratum which characterized in that: the large-section tunnel supporting structure comprises a double-layer steel arch and an anchoring support, the Xigeda stratum is subjected to tunnel excavation construction by adopting a three-step seven-step excavation method so as to form an excavation section with an upper step, a middle step and a lower step, the double-layer steel arch is erected at the top of an excavation tunnel, the anchoring supports are arranged on the horizontal sections of the upper step, the middle step and the lower step, and the anchoring supports of each layer of step are welded with the double-layer steel arch, so that the whole supporting system forms a longitudinal connecting system to support the tunnel;
the anchoring support comprises a foot locking anchor rod and a large foot locking anchor rod, when each layer of step support is constructed, 2 foot locking anchor rods with the diameter of 42mm and 2 large foot locking anchor rods with the diameter of 76mm are respectively arranged on two sides of the arch foot of the upper step, and 2 foot locking anchor rods with the diameter of 42mm and 2 large foot locking anchor rods with the diameter of 76mm are respectively arranged on two sides of the arch foot of the middle step and the arch foot of the lower step;
the anchoring support is arranged within a range of 20cm-30cm away from the arch springing and is inserted into a rock mass within an included angle range of 40-50 degrees with the axis of the double-layer steel arch;
the double-layer steel arch comprises an outer-layer steel arch and an inner-layer steel arch, the inner-layer steel arch and the anchoring support are welded and fixed, and the outer-layer steel arch and the anchoring support are connected through bolts;
the large-section tunnel supporting structure further comprises a prestress anchor rod, so that the prestress anchor rod is arranged in a pressing inclination angle range of 20-40 degrees and clinging to the two side edges of the double-layer steel arch after the double-layer steel arch is installed.
2. The large-section tunnel support structure adapted to a migda stratum of claim 1, wherein: the outer layer steel arch is connected with the inner layer steel arch through a spring, the spring is welded with the inner layer steel arch, and the spring is connected with the outer layer steel arch through a bolt.
3. The large-section tunnel support structure adapted to a migda stratum of claim 1, wherein: the inner steel arch and the outer steel arch are mutually and vertically overlapped.
4. The large-section tunnel support structure adapted to a migda stratum of claim 1, wherein: the prestress anchor rod extends to the inner side of the double-layer steel arch frame and a stress diffusion cushion block is arranged between the inner side of the double-layer steel arch frame and used for diffusing prestress of the stress anchor rod to the supporting structure so as to achieve the purpose of uniformly stressing the supporting structure.
5. A large-section tunnel construction method suitable for Xigeda stratum is characterized in that: use of a large section tunnel support structure according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:
the pipe shed is subjected to advanced reinforcement, and the pipe shed and the advanced small guide pipe are adopted for advanced reinforcement so as to form an initial support;
adopting a three-step seven-step excavation method to perform tunnel excavation construction, and gradually releasing surrounding rock stress;
firstly, excavating an upper arc pilot pit in the circumferential direction of a tunnel, reserving core soil, immediately spraying concrete after excavating, and timely installing the large-section tunnel supporting structure after concrete spraying;
the large-section tunnel supporting structure comprises a double-layer steel arch and an anchoring bracket;
after the upper arc pilot pit is excavated, the left side and the right side of the middle step are excavated sequentially, the left side and the right side of the lower step are excavated, core soil is reserved for the upper step, the middle step and the lower step, the shotcrete and the step support construction are sequentially carried out in time after each layer of step is excavated, the anchoring support is arranged on each layer of step, and the anchoring support of each layer of step is welded with the double-layer steel arch frame, so that the whole support system forms a longitudinal connecting system to support the tunnel.
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