EP2372035A1

EP2372035A1 - Improvement in the production process of arch segments by the introduction of a new system for securing panels and moulding meshes that comprise it

Info

Publication number: EP2372035A1
Application number: EP10380048A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Albert Ayora Bruix
Original assignee: Ferroberica SL
Current assignee: Ferroberica SL
Priority date: 2010-03-31
Filing date: 2010-03-31
Publication date: 2011-10-05

Abstract

This invention displays an improvement in the production process of arch segments by introducing a system for securing and curving the panels used for constructing these segments, which will be used for making, among other things, tunnels and similar elements. The attachment system is composed of motorised winder that places the panels in the mould and by means of attachment systems, they are totally secured to it, ready for the process of inserting the rest of the structural elements and subsequent welding.

Description

Object of the Invention.

More specifically the invention refers to an improvement in the production process of arch segments by introducing a system for securing and curving the panels used for constructing these segments, which will be used for making, among other things, tunnels and similar elements, of any cross-section, perimeter, and horizontal, vertical or sloping position, wells of any section and depth, as well as all types of underground galleries and/or channels for all types of fluids.
Another of the objects of the invention is the configuration that the system needs to secure the panels, a system composed of clamps, clips, centring devices and combs, and the traction system for moulding the mesh of the different panels needed.

State of the art.

There is a process on the market that can be considered a state of the art technique, a process for moulding meshes which is carried out by knotting the mesh, and the round rods that comprise it to a mould, this is done by means of wires to attach the lower mesh to the mould in a totally manual way, so it will acquire the shape of the mould.
In Spanish patent ES 200300798 , owned by the same holder, a production system for curved three-dimensional panels, called arch sections, for usage in building systems indicated in the above section is known. The purpose of the invention, using in the above-mentioned process a manual attachment with wires.
Likewise, regarding curving and adapting the mesh to the mould, this is done manually, and in the case of considerably large diameter round rods or meshes, the use of specific tools and hammers is necessary.
This process is slow and difficult, due to the physical effort workers must exert, and this slows down the panel production process, until it is adapted to the mould, and in addition, for each type of panel and mesh, a mould must be built, as it is difficult to use one mould for a different panel.
In addition, the wire used cannot be reused, and must therefore be discarded, with the subsequent cost.

Scope of the Invention.

To totally replace part of the above-mentioned process, eliminating the over-exertion of the workers in the adaptation to the mould, a totally manual operation, reducing process time and avoiding the production of waste with its subsequent disposal costs, and to create a versatile tool that can be used in different types of easy to handle meshes and panels, with which the workers, whatever the type of mesh or panel, will become rapidly familiarized without needing a costly specialization.

Description of the invention.

The securing tool, object of the invention, is formed by attaching by welding or any other system to attach the rails, principally by welding these rails, forming a structure comprising a cradle on which the base of the tool is fitted, which rests on the floor by means of the corresponding adjustable levellers or, in their most common manner, on the transport system of the assembly line for the three-dimensional curved meshes or arch sections.
On the structure of the tool cradle, a series of vertical props are erected on which by suitable means, some supports are incorporated that may be located at different heights of the pole, at the convenience of the configurations and curves of the round rods, meshes and screens.
In addition, the tool includes some securing elements for the rods and meshes, transversal sections that act as tighteners for the above, rod centerers and some combs also placed transversally with different rake angles, which secure the ends of the rods and meshes.
The base of the tool is made with longitudinal and transversal rails either welded together or using a method similar to frames located at the ends of the base, and at the lower end there are conventional feet or levellers, to compensate for any irregularities of the floor the base rests on, or, as is more common, it is directly established in the transport system of the arch segment production line.
The vertical props are perpendicular to the structure of the cradle, and their heights are different with regard to this base, so that their free ends conform a curved imaginary perimeter, whose degree of curvature will depend on the round rods of the mesh and screen to be manufactured, with tighteners located at these ends, whose body presses on the round rods of the mesh or screen according to the needs of each mesh or screen.
On each vertical pole there are some clamps, whose function, as their name indicates, is to secure (either directly or with some sections located transversally) the round rods or meshes at different heights longitudinally to the machine, giving the necessary curvature to these round rods, meshes and screens. The sections located transversally are simple rails or metal bars whose shape and hardness can vary according to the needs of the parts to be manufactured.
In the central part of the machine cradle, there is a set of props used as centring elements, that complement the work of the props located in the longer side bases of the machine base, the height of these guides depends on the curvature the round rods, meshes and screen are to adopt.
To form the structure of the arch segments, different types of prefabricated metal structures participate, such as inner and outer meshes, longitudinal inner curved "ladders", flat transversal closing members and longitudinal caved closing "ladders".
To insert all these elements, secure and curve them, it is necessary for the securing tool to have several levels of tighteners, securing elements and supports.
On the lower side of the tool there will be an interior mesh, made in a manufacturing process in which it has been cut according to the polygonal shape necessary for the position it will adopt in the structure of the tunnel or gallery to be built. To secure the inner mesh, the same base of the tool can be used, the longitudinal centring guide, as well of the lower side of the centring elements, which enable the alignment of this inner mesh with longitudinal inner "ladders" to be added.
This lower part of the tool has, to secure the mesh, its own tighteners and their corresponding securing elements to hold it.
There are unfolding supports on the vertical props, so they do not interfere in the insertion of the inner mesh, and to secure the longitudinal sealing "ladders", they have to be unfolding, to offer support for these parts. There are also hooks that will be secured to these longitudinal closing "ladders", as well as the rest of longitudinal parts inserted.
In addition, at the upper part of the vertical props some combs and tighteners are fitted for securing the outer mesh.
The fitting of the lighter meshes, formed by small-diameter elements, is carried out in a simple manner, as it is not necessary to exert great force to take the mesh to its position for securing, as previously described. In the case of larger calibre meshes that are impossible to curve manually without significantly delaying the process, a mechanical transport system to carry out the curving of the mesh until the securing position by the tool is fitted at the lower part of the mould.
This curving system by traction has to be located, as has been mentioned, at the lower side of the mould, specifically in the arch segments production line, in the stations requiring the curving of the meshes. This system needs the placement of two winders for each curving system, as they have to tension both longitudinal ends of the mesh at the same time.
The winders are secured to the floor to prevent their movement by the action of the tensions created during curving. The anchoring point is in the zone where the end of the mesh is, one at each end. Each winder is formed by a base secured to the floor, on which there are some guides that are parallel to each other and with the longitudinal direction of the mesh, along which a transport motor moves over the moving platform. The transport motor includes a reel of cable with sufficient resistance to carry out the curving process without being broken by the strain.
The cable is attached to the mesh using securing means that enable the transmission of the force exerted by the motor, to curve the mesh, without the mesh-winder assembly separating.
So as not to unbalance the force of the winder, it must have the centre of the coil in the axis of symmetry of the mould, with an output point for the cable ensuring this balance.
The guides have to contain the bearing elements that are attached to the moving platform that transports and holds the traction motor, without this set of bearings, platform and motor being able to become detached and move vertically, only enabling a horizontal movement between the guide stops.
Therefore, in the curving and securing process of the mesh, we start from the resting position of all the securing elements and tighteners of the securing tool, so they do not interfere in the fitting of the inner mesh. This is firstly anchored at its centre point, once it has been inserted through the corresponding centring elements, thus securing this point so it cannot be moved by poor traction coordination each of the winders. The parts of the structure corresponding to the transversal closure are placed on the mesh, linking them with a comb that acts as a tightener and securing element, and a securing system with clamps. Once placed, we proceed with the curving process using the winders, placing the means of attachment of the cable of the coil, in the mesh to be curved.
The transversal closure parts can be fitted once the mesh has been curved.
The mechanical traction system acts on both ends of the mesh at the same time, so as not to produce an imbalance, and thanks to the centre securing point, the curve is correctly produced. Once the shape of the mesh is adapted to the mould, the rest of the clamp, tightener, clamps and securing elements are locked.
Once the mesh has been placed, curved and secured along with the transversal closing parts, the intermediate supports are unfolded and the longitudinal closing parts "ladders" are inserted, resting on these supports and secured by means of hooks in the tighteners.
In the same manner, the rest of the longitudinal inner "ladders" are inserted, correctly located by means of the centring elements and secured by the hooks of the tightener of ladders that has a securing tool, leaving the mesh ready for the first welding stage.
Once the transversal and longitudinal pieces are welded to the inner part of the structure, the outer mesh is fitted, proceeding with its curvature and attachment. In the same manner as described for the inner mesh, it is secured to the centre point of the securing tool, using the upper tighteners, and once the attachment of the traction reels cables have been fitted to the mesh, the winders are turned on simultaneously, curving the mesh and enabling the locking of the rest of the clamping points, tighteners and securing elements.
When this outer mesh is curved and secured to the already welded assembly, a second welding stage begins, giving rise to a three-dimensional curved mesh with relation to the arch segment.
Other details and features will be described in the description below, referring to the drawings that accompany this report, in which a practical application of the invention is presented as a non-exclusive example.

Description of the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of the tool (10).
Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the tool (10).
Fig. 3 is a front elevation view of the tool (10) from one of its smaller base sides.
Fig. 4 is a cross elevation section of the tool (10), by A-A' according to Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a cross elevation section of the tool (10), by B-B' according to Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a cross elevation section of the tool (10), by C-C' according to Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is a cross elevation section of the tool (10), by D-D' according to Fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is a partial cross section of the system as a whole, displaying its different parts.
Fig. 9 is a front elevation view of a tightener (20).
Fig. 10 is a detail by "B", according to Fig. 9 of the grooves (22-27).
Fig. 11 is a side elevation view of a mesh guide (30) .
Fig. 12 is a front elevation view of a mesh guide (30) .
Fig. 13 is a top plan view of a mesh guide (30).
In Fig. 14, (a) is a front elevation view of the tightener (37), (b) is a side elevation view of the tightener (30), and (c) is a bottom plan view of the tightener (37).
In Fig. 15, (a) is a top plan view of the base (14) of the tool (10), (b) is a front elevation view of said base (14), and (c) is a bottom plan view of said base (14).
Fig. 16 is a front elevation view of a mounting plate (38).
Fig. 17 is a perspective view of one of the winders (46).
Fig. 18 is a plan view of a winder (46) located at the lower side of the moving platform (49) of the arch segment production line (56).
Fig. 19 is an elevation view of the anchoring structure (47) with the moving platform (49).
Fig. 20 is an elevation view of the ladder tightener (61).

Below is a numbered list for the different parts of the tool depicted on the plans to help locate them: (10) tool, (11) longitudinal rails, (12) cross beam rails, (13) cradle, (14) base, (15) supports, (16) props, (18) perimeter, (19) support, (20) tighteners, (21) cross beam, (22) grooves, (23) centring element, (24) arms, (25) bracket, (26) round rods, meshes and screens, (27) grooves, (28) ends of the tightener (20), (29) base of the tightener (20), (30) tightener, (31) tightening plan, (32) arm, (33) groove (34) wings, (35) orifice, (36) lower part or base of the front part (31), (37) upper central tightener, (38) plate, (39) cross beam rails, (40) guides, (41) longitudinal sections, (42) cross beam sections, (43) frame, (44-45) stubs, (46) winder, (47) anchoring structure, (48) guides, (49) moving platform, (50) motor, (51) reel, (52) cable, (53) system for securing the cable (52), (54) output point of the cable (52) from the reel (51), (55) bearings, (56) arch section production line, (57) means of attachment, (58) transversal cross beams, (59) guide stop (48), (60) platform moving along the production line (56), (61) ladder tightener, (62) tightener clamp (20), (63) ladder tightener hooks (61), (64) ladder tightener guides (61), (65) tightener securing element (61), (66) locking system for transversal closure, (67) securing system clamp (66), (68) opening centring elements (23), (69) tightener grooves (37), (70) free hook.

Description of an embodiment of the invention.

In one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, there is a new system for securing and curving meshes on the moving platform (60) in automated arch segment production lines (56), not depicted in the figures. As can be seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the securing tool (10) is built with a strong structure formed by longitudinal and cross beam (39) rails (11) welded to each other to form a cradle (13) as shown in Fig. 2, and in the central part of the same, the base (14) see Fig. 15, which (14) rests on the moving platform (60) of the automated arch segment production line (56), not depicted in the figures.
Fundamental parts of the securing tool (10), in addition to the cradle (13) and the base (14), are the following elements:

Vertical props (16).
Supports (19) in the vertical props (16).
Tighteners (20), (30), (37) and (61).
Centring devices (23).
Guides (40).
Securing elements (41), (62), (65) and (67).

The base (14) as can be seen in (a), (b), and (c) of Fig. 15, shows how the cross beam rails (12) are joined to the longitudinal rails (41) and to the frames (43), located at the ends of this base (14), welded or similar operation, whereas the sections or longitudinal rails (41), are joined to the longitudinal rails (42) of the cradle (13), as can be seen in Fig. 2.
In turn, in the corners of the base (14) the longitudinal rails (41) are joined to the frames (43) and cross beam rails (12), by means of mounting plates (38), details of which can be seen in Fig. 16. From one of the faces of this plate (38) a stub (44) projects perpendicularly.
In the perimeter of the cradle (13) there are some props (16), forming a single piece with a cross beam (21), configured (16-21) in a "U"-shaped piece as shown in Fig 2, starting at the lower end of the longitudinal rails (11), and by its upper end (16) extends perpendicularly on a stub (45), that is occupied by tighteners (30-37), whose configuration in one of the possible embodiments can be seen in Fig. 8.
The props (16), and more specifically their upper ends, as they have different heights, configure a more or less curved perimeter (18), represented as an example in the dotted line in Fig 1, with reference to the curving of the round rods (26), meshes and screens, just by changing this perimeter (18) the tool (10) can adapt to other curvatures. These props (16) have supports (19) at different heights for the "ladders" for longitudinal closure, which according to the geometry of the curve can be raised or lowered along the props (16).
To facilitate the pressure on the round rods (26), meshes and screens, other securing elements are used, which we will call jig tighteners (20), fitted transversally between the props (16), and their ends resting (28) on the props (16) of the tool (10), with the corresponding securing elements (62).
The jig tighteners (20) are manufactured from totally flat sections and machined at their lower part, in the base (29) to make grooves (22-27). In the base (29) of the jig tighteners (20), there are one or more grooves (22) and (27) of different radii and depth with regard to the base (29) of (20), these radii and depths responding to the different diameters of the round rods, which will rest on these grooves (22-27) as can be seen in Fig. 10.
The centring elements (23) rest on the cross beams (21) that have a flat body, whose lower part (29) is prism-shaped and extends upwards according to a bracket (25), and another prism-shaped part divided in two arms (24) by a central groove (68), with ends of the arms (24) with corners. The round bars (26) are fitted through the central groove (68) between the arms (24).
There are guides (40) for anchoring a transversal rod (26) of the inner mesh, to secure the position of the mesh longitudinally, defining the position that the inner mesh will take in the tool (10) by means of the centring elements (23) and the guide (40).
For anchoring the inner longitudinal "ladders" there are two ladder tighteners (61), which are formed by a flat section that has several hooks (63) secured to it (61) and one free hook (70), which coincide with the passage of the longitudinal round rods (26) of these inner "ladders". These ladder tighteners (61) move freely vertically along the guides (64), and they can be placed at a higher part than the inner mesh, so that when the longitudinal inner ladders are positioned, they descend trapping them and by means of the securing elements (65) they are anchored in horizontal position in which they are inserted into the assembly by the centring elements (23).
The tighteners (30) are fitted with the right means to the upper part of the vertical props (16), their front (31) is flat, and an arm projects perpendicularly from them (34) which extends in its only free end by means of wings (34) separated by a groove (33), as can be seen in Fig. 14.
In the case of the central tightener (37), on the lower side or base (36) of the front part (31) there are some grooves (69) for passage and support of the corresponding round rods or meshes, which is used for the longitudinal securing of the outer mesh, the same as the guide (40) was used for the inner mesh.
The tighteners (30) are fitted to the vertical props (16) by surrounding the wings (34) the end part (45) of (16), by the use of a bolt and nut not depicted in the illustrations, this bolt goes through an orifice (35) in the wings (34) as can be seen in Fig. 8.
At the moment of curving the round rods (26) a curving system formed by two winders (46) is used. These are located in each of the longitudinal ends of the mesh (26), in the area to be curved.
These winders (46) are secured to the floor, to prevent their movement when there are tensions caused by the curving of the round rods (26). This anchoring structure (47) is composed of a series of cross beams (58) transversal to the guides (48) of the winder (46) and joined (58) to these guides (48) by habitual methods, preferably welding, and secured (58) to the floor by habitual attachment (57) means.
The moving platform (49) will move along the inside of these guides (48), this is formed by a platform to which bearings are attached (55) for it to move along the guides (48), which are designed in such a manner that they allow no vertical movement of the winder (46). The only movement allowed by the guides (48) is horizontal, from the initial position, to the guide stop (59).
There is a motor (50) attached to the moving platform (49), which has a reel (51) of cable (52) normally metal, although alternatively it can be made of materials that offer sufficient resistance to the system so that it does not break when subject to the working stresses.
This cable (52) will exit the reel at a point (54) that is in the longitudinal axis of the mesh (26), to avoid lack of compensation of stresses exercised on the latter (26). To pull the mesh (26) to the tool (10), the cable (52) is secured to it (26) by a securing system (53), which in the preferred embodiment is a resistant ring with a snap-hook type opening system.
When carrying out the bending of the round rods (26), the winders (46) are activated simultaneously, so as to avoid unbalanced of the traction stresses exerted by each of them (46). This unbalance is avoided by anchoring the middle point of the mesh (26), which will be its upper point, not allowing the mesh to move (26) towards any of the two winders (46).
The curving system, formed by the two winders (46), is located in the arch segment production line stations (56), not represented in the figures, that require this curving, so that in the process of shaping the arch segment, they will be included in a first station where the inner mesh is placed at the lower part of the tool (10), and after the first welding stage, where the outer is added.
Alternative embodiments have only one winder (46) located in the centre of the mesh (26) with two cable-pulling systems (52), one for each end of the mesh (26).
Before inserting the inner mesh into the securing tool (10), it is necessary to fit all the supports (19), tighteners (20,30,37,61) and other auxiliary systems in a position that does not impede the entry of the inner mesh. In this manner, the inner mesh is placed so that it passes through the centring elements (23) to avoid side movement, and they are fitted to the guide (40) to avoid longitudinal movement. Once the inner mesh is secured, it is secured to the winders (46) to the two longitudinal ends of the inner mesh, by means of the securing system (53) for the cable ends (52).
When the cable has been secured (52) to the inner mesh, the traction system can be turned on, simultaneously activating the winders (46).
When the pulling has ended, the transversal closure pieces are fitted; one on each side of the longitudinal ends of the inner mesh, placed to secure it to this inner mesh, a jig tightener (20) that is attached to the associated securing element (62). To avoid its longitudinal movement, a locking system (66) is used, which comprises a rotating closure, which when closed is secured with the securing element (67).
With the inner mesh and the transversal closures curved and secured, the longitudinal inner ladders are fitted. These are fitted by passing through the opening (68) formed by the centring elements (20) and do no allow it to move transversally, and its ends are in contact with each of the transversal closures fitted.
To add the longitudinal closure ladders, it is necessary to unfold the supports (19) they have in the props (16), resting the piece on them for its correct placement, and securing it by means of the ladder tightener (61), which secures the longitudinal parts with its hooks (63) and anchors them by means of the clamp (65).
At this point, the first part of the structure has been formed and the parts that comprise it must be welded together, before proceeding with the fitting of the outer mesh.
The welding process will be preferably done with an automated robot system, or by alternative systems that achieve a welded joint.
Once the first welding stage is finished, the outer mesh is added, locating it so that it fits to the central tighteners (37), which have some grooves (69) that secure the outer mesh avoiding possible longitudinal movement. Following the stages of the inner mesh curving, the cables (52) are secured by securing elements (53), and the mesh is curved by turning on the winders (46).
When the outer mesh has been curved, the tighteners are closed (30) and the jig tighteners are fitted (20) anchored by the clamps (62).
At this time the structure is ready for the second welding process by which the exterior mesh assembly will be added. When the welding process is over, the arch segment is ready.
Having sufficiently described this invention, with correspondence to the attached illustrations, it is easy to see that any sort of modification deemed necessary can be introduced as long as they do not change the essence of the invention, which is summarised in the following claims:

Claims

"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" those that are formed by a mould in which the round rods, meshes and screens are secured by holding them with wire to the mould, characterised in that the system is formed by one or more winders (46) composed of an anchoring structure (47), a moving platform (49) moving along guides (48), a motor (50) that pulls a reel (51) of cable (52); and by a tool (10) that has a frame (13) on which there is a base (14), this base resting (14) on the floor with the aid of levellers (15) or alternatively on a moving platform (60), the vertical props (16) rising from the frame (13), with means for securing the panels or meshes (26).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the means used by the tool for securing (10) are guides (40), centring elements (23), jig tighteners (20), attachment systems (66), supports (19), ladder tighteners (61) and tighteners (30,37).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the frame (13) has a structure formed by longitudinal rails (11) and cross beam rails (39).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the base (14) has some longitudinal sections (41) that are joined to the longitudinal sections (42) of the cradle (13), cross beam rails (12), and to frames (43) located at the ends of the base (14) by means of mounting plates (38), with a stub (44) emerging perpendicularly from one of the faces of the plate (38).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that In the perimeter of the cradle (13) there are some props (16), forming a single piece with a cross beam (21), configured (16-21) in a "U"-shaped piece, the props (16) starting at the lower end of the longitudinal rails (11), and by its upper end extends perpendicularly on a stub (45), that is occupied by tighteners (30-37).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that The props (16), and more specifically their upper ends, as they have different heights, configure a more or less curved perimeter (18), with reference to the curving of the round rods.
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claims 1 and 6 characterised in that said props (16) have supports (19) at different heights, which according to the geometry of the curve can be raised or lowered along the props (16).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claims 1 and 2 characterised in that the jig tighteners (20) are manufactured from totally flat sections and machined at their lower part, the base (29) of the tighteners (20) being provided with one or more grooves (22) and (27) of different radii and depth with regard to the base (29) of (20).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claims 1 and 2 characterised in that the centring elements (23) have a flat body, whose lower part (29) is prism-shaped and extends upwards according to a bracket (25), and another prism-shaped part divided in two arms (24) by a central groove (27), with ends of the arms (24) with corners. The round bars (26) are fitted through the central groove (68) between the arms (24), with the possibility of fitting centring elements (23) according to the geometry of the mesh and/or screen.
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the tighteners (30) are fitted with the right means to the upper part of the vertical props (16), their front (31) is flat, and an arm projects perpendicularly from them (34) which extends in its only free end by means of wings (34) separated by a groove (33).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 10 characterised in that the central prop (16) has in its tightener end (37), which has some grooves (69) in the front (31).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claims 1 and 2 characterised in that the guide (40) formed by a plate that has a housing for the transversal anchoring of the mesh, located at the lower part of the tool (10).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claims 1 and 2 characterised in that the locking system (66) of the transversal closing piece is formed by a right-angle shaped piece, having a position for securing the piece by means of a clamp (67) and another resting position that does not interfere with the introduction of parts into the tool.
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claims 1 and 2 characterised in that the ladder tightener (61) is formed by a by transversal section with free transversal movement within the guides (64), with some fixed hooks (63) that project vertically and perpendicularly from this section, and a movable hook (70) that turns with regard to its point of attachment with the section, securing the position of the tightener (61) by means of clamps (65).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the curving system is composed of one or more winders (46) anchored to the floor through an anchoring structure (47), located at each end of the mesh (26) to be curved, or alternatively in the centre of the mesh of (26).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the winder (46) has two guides (48) for exclusively horizontal movement.
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the winder (46) has a moving platform (49) that moves along the guides (48) by means of bearings.(55), this moving platform (49) carries on it: the motor (50), and the reel (51) of cable (52) that the motor pulls (50).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the cable (52) on the reel (51) is sufficiently strong to bear the strain generated during the curving process, and has the output point (54) of the reel (51) in the longitudinal axis of the mesh (26).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that at the end of the cable (52) there is a securing system (53) that attaches the mesh (26) to the cable (52).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the guides (48) are placed in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the mesh (26), and have some end of travel stops (59) for the moving platform (49).
"SYSTEM FOR SECURING PANELS AND MOULDING MESHES THAT COMPRISE IT" according to claim 1 characterised in that the winders (46) work simultaneously.
"IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL CURVED STRUCTURE" of which there are one or more inputs of meshes or panels and of one or more automated or manual welding stations, characterised in that the process has the following stages:
a) Inserting the inner mesh into the tool (10) and by means of anchoring devices (40,23), securing its position and avoiding longitudinal or transversal movement.

b) Attachment of the winders (46) to the longitudinal ends of the inner mesh for curving.

c) Operation of the winders and curving of the same until it reaches the desired position marked by the tool (10).

d) Addition of the parts of the transversal closing on the longitudinal ends of the inner curved mesh and attachment to it using the securing means (20) and the tool (10) by means of attachment systems (66).

e) Placement of the longitudinal ladders and the longitudinal closing ladders, according to the positions of attachments means (19-23) of the tool (10) and secured to the assembly by means of securing elements (61).

f) After having welded the assembly together, the outer mesh is inserted, anchoring it to fix its position by means of securing elements (37) and to avoid its unintentional longitudinal or transversal movement.

g) Attachment of the winders (46) to the longitudinal ends of the outer mesh for curving.

h) Operation of the winders and curving of the same until it reaches the desired position marked by the tool (10) and attachment to the assembly by tightening means (20,30), leaving the structure prepared for definitive attachment by welding.
"IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL CURVED STRUCTURE" according to claim 22, characterised in that the addition of the transversal closing parts can be alternatively carried out before the curving of the inner mesh.
"IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL CURVED STRUCTURE" according to claim 22, characterised in that the addition of the outer mesh can be carried out before the first welding process, eliminating the second welding process.