CN113402350B - 一种联芳基类化合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种联芳基类化合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN113402350B
CN113402350B CN202110669586.0A CN202110669586A CN113402350B CN 113402350 B CN113402350 B CN 113402350B CN 202110669586 A CN202110669586 A CN 202110669586A CN 113402350 B CN113402350 B CN 113402350B
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沈志良
褚雪强
张斯旋
张晨
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种联芳基类化合物及其制备方法与应用。本发明通过将镁屑、氯化锂在schlenk封管中反应得到反应物1,往封管中加入超干四氢呋喃,将封管抽换氮气,再加入芳基季铵盐、5mol%催化剂、芳基溴化物和N,N,N’,N’‑四甲基乙二胺,在25~60℃下搅拌反应6~12小时得到反应物2,最后将反应物2依次经过萃取、洗涤、干燥、除去萃取液、提纯后,得到联芳基类化合物,该联芳基类化合物可用于含有联芳基类结构化合物的制备中。本发明制备方法底物范围广、操作便捷、反应条件温和、污染低、经济效益高,所得联芳基类化合物具有良好的官能团耐受性和底物普适性。

Description

一种联芳基类化合物及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物技术领域,尤其涉及一种联芳基类化合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
联芳基类化合物是化学品中最重要的部分之一,在化学和制药行业中具有特定的作用。最近,含有联芳基类结构的分子在药物,农用化学品,聚合物和材料领域的应用不断增加。因此,开发更经济、高效的构建联芳基类化合物制备方法是非常必要的。
季铵盐的制备较为简单,只需将广泛存在的胺与烷基亲电试剂,如:碘甲烷或三氟甲磺酸甲酯反应即可。近年来,季铵盐作为一种多功能试剂,被证实可有效参与多种有机转化过程,实现多种重要有机分子及有机砌块的制备。亲电性的芳基季铵盐与亲核偶联底物在过渡金属催化下发生交叉偶联反应已经得到了充分的研究,这些亲核底物包括芳基镁、芳基锂、芳基铝、芳基锌、芳基锡以及芳基硼酸试剂。
但是,使用芳基季铵盐合成二芳基化合物所使用的亲核性的有机金属试剂都需提前制备,且其中大多数金属试剂都对空气或水蒸气较为敏感。因此,实现芳基季铵盐与芳基卤化物的直接交叉偶联,发展一种全新的制备联芳基类化合物的方法,以此改善其苛刻的合成条件是当前合成的研究热点之一。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于提供一种联芳基类化合物的制备方法,旨在解决现有联芳基类化合物的制备过程中所存在的各种不足。
本发明的再一目的在于提供由上述制备方法得到的联芳基类化合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述联芳基类化合物的应用。
本发明是这样实现的,一种联芳基类化合物,该化合物的化学结构式如下式(Ⅰ)所示:
Figure BDA0003118534420000021
式(Ⅰ)中,R1为甲氧基、甲基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、三氟甲氧基、氰基、酯基、卤素、1,3-二氧环戊-2-基、二甲基叔丁基硅氧基中的任意一种;
R2为甲基、甲氧基、苄氧基、甲硫基、氰基、酯基、二甲氨基、卤素、二甲基叔丁基硅氧基、2-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊-2-基、杂环中的任意一种;
X为氮原子或碳氢。
优选地,所述卤素未氟或氯;所述杂环为呋喃或苯并呋喃。
本发明进一步公开了一种联芳基类化合物的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将镁屑、氯化锂构成的混合物添加到schlenk封管中,在减压、310~330℃条件下反应2~4min,冷却至室温,得到反应物1;其中,镁屑与氯化锂的摩尔比为3mmol:1.8~2.2mmol;
(2)往封管中加入超干四氢呋喃,将封管抽换氮气三次,再往封管中分别加入芳基季铵盐、5mol%催化剂、芳基溴化物和N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺,在25~60℃下搅拌反应6~12小时,使用饱和氯化铵溶液进行淬灭,得到反应物2;其中,所述超干四氢呋喃、芳基季铵盐、催化剂、芳基溴化物、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺的摩尔体积比为2~4mL:1mmol:0.05mmol:1~3mmol:2mmol;
(3)将反应物2依次经过萃取、洗涤、干燥、除去萃取液、提纯后,得到联芳基类化合物。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,所述芳基季铵盐为苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-甲基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、3-甲基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、2-甲基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-三氟甲基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-三氟甲氧基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-氰基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-乙氧羰基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-氟苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-氯苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-甲氧基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-二甲氨基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-(1,3-二氧环戊-2-基)苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、4-二甲基叔丁基硅氧基苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物、3-吡啶基三甲基季铵盐碘化物中的任意一种或多种。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,所述芳基溴化物为溴苯、4-甲基溴苯、4-甲氧基溴苯、3-甲氧基溴苯、2-甲氧基溴苯、4-苄氧基溴苯、4-甲硫基溴苯、4-氰基溴苯、4-乙氧羰基溴苯、4-二甲氨基溴苯、4-氟溴苯、4-氯溴苯、4-二甲基叔丁基硅氧基溴苯、4-(2-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊-2-基)溴苯、2-溴二苯并呋喃、5-溴苯并呋喃中的任意一种或多种。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,所述催化剂为双三苯基膦二氯化钯、三氯化铁、双三苯基膦二氯化钴、双三苯基膦二氯化镍中的任意一种。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,所述催化剂为双三苯基膦二氯化钯。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,在25℃下搅拌反应12小时;所述芳基季铵盐与芳基溴化物的摩尔比为1:2。
优选地,在步骤(3)中,将反应物2用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,萃取液经饱和食盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥后,通过旋蒸除去萃取液,粗产物通过硅胶柱层析法提纯,得到联芳基类化合物。
本发明进一步公开了上述联芳基类化合物在制备含有联芳基类结构化合物中的应用。
本发明克服现有技术的不足,提供一种联芳基类化合物及其制备方法与应用。本发明采用的是芳基季铵盐与芳基卤化物的直接还原交叉偶联反应的方法,该反应体系使用了钯催化剂、镁屑、氯化锂以及TMEDA等试剂,在室温下的四氢呋喃溶液中即可以“一锅法”的形式高效进行,并以中等至良好的产率获得对应的目标产物,反应还同时具有较好的官能团耐受性,该反应的化学方程式如下所示:
Figure BDA0003118534420000041
在本发明化合物的制备中,通过调控所选催化剂的种类、反应物的比例、反应进行的溶剂和反应温度等一系列条件,可高效合成一系列联芳基类化合物。其中,对不同的催化剂,如:双三苯基膦二氯化钯、三氯化铁、双三苯基膦二氯化钴、双三苯基膦二氯化镍进行优选,以三苯基膦二氯化钯效果最优,产率最高;芳基季铵盐与芳基溴化物之间不同的比例1:(1~3)之间,以1:2最优;对不同的溶剂,如:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙腈、1,4-二氧六环和四氢呋喃进行优选,以四氢呋喃效果最优,产率最高;25~60℃范围内的不同温度下均能得到目标产物,25℃最优,产率最高;反应6~24小时均能得到相应产物,以12小时反应时间最优,产率最高。
相比于现有技术的缺点和不足,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供了一种从简单易得芳基季铵盐与芳基溴化物原料出发合成联芳基类化合物的新方法,拓展了此类化合物的制备底物范围;
(2)本发明制备方法中,使用了便宜易得的芳基卤化物作为偶联底物,使得反应具有了操作便捷性和步骤经济性,因为这避免了使用预制备且对水及空气较为敏感的有机金属化合物;
(3)本发明制备方法反应条件温和,具有后处理简单、步骤绿色、污染低、经济效益高等特点;
(4)本发明所制得的联芳基类化合物具有良好的官能团耐受性和底物普适性。
附图说明
图1是4-甲氧基联苯1的氢谱;
图2是4-甲氧基联苯1的碳谱;
图3是4-苄氧基联苯4的氢谱;
图4是4-苄氧基联苯4的碳谱;
图5是3-甲氧基联苯6的氢谱;
图6是3-甲氧基联苯6的碳谱;
图7是4-二甲氨基联苯10的氢谱;
图8是4-二甲氨基联苯10的碳谱;
图9是4-氟-4'-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯26的氢谱;
图10是4-氟-4'-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯26的氟谱;
图11是4-氟-4'-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯26的碳谱;
图12是2-(4'-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基)-1,3-二氧戊烷30的氢谱;
图13是2-(4'-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基)-1,3-二氧戊烷30的碳谱。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
(1)称量镁屑(72.9mg,3mmol,3equiv.)和氯化锂(84.8mg,2mmol,2equiv.)并加到schlenk封管中。随后在减压条件下,使用电加热枪加热镁屑与氯化锂的混合物(320℃,3分钟)。
(2)待混合物降至室温,向其中加入3mL超干四氢呋喃,接着将封管抽换氮气三次。随后向封管中分别加入苯基三甲基季铵盐碘化物(263.1mg,1mmol,1equiv.)、双三苯基膦二氯化钯(35.1mg,0.05mmol,5mol%)、4-甲氧基溴苯(374.1mg,2mmol,2equiv.)和N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺(232.4mg,2mmol,2equiv.),混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。
(3)随后使用饱和氯化铵溶液进行淬灭、使用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。萃取液经饱和食盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥后,通过旋蒸除去萃取液,粗产物通过硅胶柱层析法提纯(柱层析分离条件:固定相为300~400目硅胶粉,流动相为乙酸乙酯(A)和石油醚(B),流动相变化程序(A:B)为1:100→1:20),最终得到165.4mg的目标产物4-甲氧基联苯1。
对上述4-甲氧基联苯1进行表征,如图1和图2所示,结果为:白色固体;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.65–7.56(m,4H),7.51–7.44(m,2H),7.39–7.34(m,1H),7.06–7.01(m,2H),3.89(s,3H)ppm.13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ159.0,140.7,133.7,128.7,128.1,126.7,126.6,114.1,55.3ppm.IR(KBr):(=2961,2836,1606,1522,1488,1288,1252,1035,834,760,688cm-1.HRMS(m/z):calcd for C13H13O[M+H]+185.0961,found:185.0965.
根据表征数据可知,制得的反应产物1为4-甲氧基联苯(纯度>98%);对产品产率进行计算,结果为90%。
实施例2~32
实施例2~32与上述实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于步骤(1)中,芳基季铵盐和芳基溴化物不同,具体如下表1所示:
表1实施例2~32
Figure BDA0003118534420000061
Figure BDA0003118534420000071
对上表产物随机选取进行表征,其中,图3是产物4(4-苄氧基联苯)的氢谱,图4是产物4(4-苄氧基联苯)的碳谱;图5是产物6(3-甲氧基联苯)的氢谱,图6是产物6(3-甲氧基联苯)的碳谱;图7是产物10(4-二甲氨基联苯)的氢谱,图8是产物10(4-二甲氨基联苯)的碳谱;图9是产物26(4-氟-4'-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯)的氢谱,图10是产物26(4-氟-4'-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯)的氟谱,图11是产物26(4-氟-4'-甲氧基-1,1'-联苯)的碳谱;图12是产物30(2-(4'-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基)-1,3-二氧戊烷)的氢谱,图13是产物30(2-(4'-甲氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基)-1,3-二氧戊烷)的碳谱。
实施例33~43
实施例33~43与上述实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于步骤(1)中,催化剂、溶剂、温度(℃)、时间(h)不同,具体如下表2所示:
表2
实施例编号 催化剂 溶剂 温度(℃) 时间(h) 产率(%)
33 双三苯基膦二氯化钯 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 25 12 0
34 双三苯基膦二氯化钯 DMSO 25 12 0
35 双三苯基膦二氯化钯 N,N-二甲基乙酰胺 25 12 0
36 双三苯基膦二氯化钯 乙腈 25 12 0
37 双三苯基膦二氯化钯 1,4-二氧六环 25 12 0
38 三氯化铁 四氢呋喃 25 12 <5
39 双三苯基膦二氯化钴 四氢呋喃 25 12 <5
40 双三苯基膦二氯化镍 四氢呋喃 25 12 <5
41 双三苯基膦二氯化钯 四氢呋喃 60 12 29
42 双三苯基膦二氯化钯 四氢呋喃 25 24 89
43 双三苯基膦二氯化钯 四氢呋喃 25 6 85
从表2中可以看出,相同反应条件下,以双三苯基膦二氯化钯为催化剂进行反应,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、DMSO、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙腈和1,4-二氧六环溶剂条件下,没有目标产物1。使用催化剂,如:三氯化铁、双三苯基膦二氯化钴或双三苯基膦二氯化镍合成4-甲氧基联苯产物1,产率极少量,与本发明实施例1(90%)的产率有一定差距。此外,25~60℃范围内的不同温度下均能得到目标产物,25℃最优;反应6~24小时均能得到相应产物,以12小时反应时间最优。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种联芳基类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将镁屑、氯化锂构成的混合物添加到schlenk封管中,在减压、310~330℃条件下反应2~4min,冷却至室温,得到反应物1;其中,镁屑与氯化锂的摩尔比为3mmol:1.8~2.2mmol;
(2)往封管中加入超干四氢呋喃,将封管抽换氮气三次,再往封管中分别加入芳基季铵盐、5mol%催化剂、芳基溴化物和N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺,在25~60℃下搅拌反应6~12小时,使用饱和氯化铵溶液进行淬灭,得到反应物2;其中,所述超干四氢呋喃、芳基季铵盐、催化剂、芳基溴化物、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺的摩尔体积比为2~4mL:1mmol:0.05mmol:1~3mmol:2mmol;
所述芳基季铵盐的结构式为:
Figure FDA0003871918430000011
其中,R1为甲氧基、甲基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、三氟甲氧基、氰基、卤素、1,3-二氧环戊-2-基、二甲基叔丁基硅氧基中的任意一种;
X为氮原子或碳氢;
所述芳基卤化物的结构式为:
Figure FDA0003871918430000012
R2为甲基、甲氧基、苄氧基、甲硫基、氰基、二甲氨基、卤素、二甲基叔丁基硅氧基、2-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊-2-基中的任意一种;
(3)将反应物2依次经过萃取、洗涤、干燥、除去萃取液、提纯后,得到联芳基类化合物,该联芳基类化合物的结构式为:
Figure FDA0003871918430000021
在步骤(2)中,所述催化剂为双三苯基膦二氯化钯、三氯化铁、双三苯基膦二氯化钴、双三苯基膦二氯化镍中的任意一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的联芳基类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述催化剂为双三苯基膦二氯化钯。
3.如权利要求1所述的联芳基类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,在25℃下搅拌反应12小时;所述芳基季铵盐与芳基溴化物的摩尔比为1:2。
4.如权利要求1所述的联芳基类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中,将反应物2用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,萃取液经饱和食盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥后,通过旋蒸除去萃取液,粗产物通过硅胶柱层析法提纯,得到联芳基类化合物。
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