CN113396711B - Grafting tool and grafting method for inhibiting shoot regeneration of melon vegetable stock - Google Patents
Grafting tool and grafting method for inhibiting shoot regeneration of melon vegetable stock Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention provides a grafting tool and a grafting method for inhibiting sprouting regeneration of a rootstock of melon vegetables, wherein the grafting tool comprises a metal rod, and a conical file and a grafting needle which are connected with the metal rod, wherein one end of the conical file is provided with a file end formed by diamond particles or carborundum particles; one end of the grafting needle is detachably connected with the other end of the metal rod. In the grafting method provided by the invention, the file end of the conical file rubs at the cotyledon base of the stock to damage the epidermis, so that the regeneration of the sprout tiller is effectively inhibited; grafting holes were prepared using grafting pins in top grafting. The grafting tool can be connected with grafting needles with different sizes, and the requirements of different sizes of cuts during grafting of different varieties of melon vegetables are met; the grafting method is simple and easy to operate, can effectively inhibit the shoot regeneration of the stock growing point, ensures that the scion has high survival rate and good growth quality, and obviously reduces the workload and the working hour for manually removing the stock shoots in the growth process of the grafted seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable grafting, and particularly relates to a grafting tool and a grafting method for inhibiting sprouting regeneration of a melon vegetable stock.
Background
Grafting is to graft the branch or bud of one plant onto the stem or root of the other plant, so that the two parts connected together grow into a complete plant. The part providing the branch or the bud is called as a scion, and the plant providing the root system is called as a stock. Vegetable grafting is already used in large area in production, and the resistance of the rootstock can be utilized to improve the capabilities of resisting soil-borne diseases and various abiotic stresses such as cold resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance and the like of plants, thereby playing the roles of promoting growth and improving yield. In the actual grafting operation, no matter which grafting method is adopted, the growing point of the stock needs to be removed during grafting, but in the past, due to the limitation of a grafting tool, the growing point at the grafting position of the stock cannot be completely removed, so that the grafted seedling survives, and in the growth process, the growing point at the grafting position of the stock generates new buds, namely, the buds compete for nutrition with the scion, the growth of the grafted seedling is influenced, therefore, the buds of the stock can be removed artificially after grafting, and a large amount of labor needs to be consumed. Therefore, the development of a grafting tool and a grafting method capable of inhibiting the shoot regeneration of the melon vegetable rootstock is urgently needed.
The invention patent with publication number CN106508439A provides a melon grafting tool set, which comprises a grafting knife and a grafting needle, wherein the grafting knife consists of a knife handle and a blade, and the front end of the knife handle is provided with a knife slot for fixing the blade; the grafting needle consists of a needle handle and a needle head, the needle head is arranged at the front end of the needle handle, and the front end of the needle handle is sunken inwards along the longitudinal direction of the needle head and is in a 30-45-degree circular arc shape; the grafting tool set has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure, simple and convenient operation, low cost, shortened grafting time, improved grafting efficiency and the like; however, the grafting tool cannot prevent the shoot regeneration of the growing point of the stock. The invention patent with publication number CN109496582A provides a novel melon vegetable grafting tool, which comprises an L-shaped outer frame A, an L-shaped outer frame B, a re-feeding mechanism and a cutting and waste material removing mechanism; the long edges of the L-shaped outer frame A and the L-shaped outer frame B are connected together in a sliding manner through the embedding mechanism; the short edges are connected with each other through a compound feed mechanism; the cutting and waste material removing mechanism comprises a chopping board, a blade and a mounting connection column, wherein the chopping board is mounted on the short edge of one L-shaped outer frame, the mounting connection column is mounted on the short edge of the other L-shaped outer frame, the mounting connection column is of a hollow structure, the front end of the mounting connection column is connected with the blade, a waste material discharge port is arranged below the rear end of the mounting connection column, the manufacturing cost is low, the grafting efficiency and the survival rate can be effectively improved, the grafting cost is reduced, but the structure of the grafting tool is complex, and the sprouting regeneration of a growth point of a stock grafting position cannot be inhibited by adopting the grafting tool for grafting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of rootstock sprouting regeneration in the background technology, the invention provides a grafting tool and a grafting method for inhibiting rootstock sprouting regeneration of melon vegetables.
The grafting tool provided by the invention comprises a metal rod, a conical file and a grafting needle, wherein one end of the conical file is fixedly connected with one end of the metal rod, and the other end of the conical file is provided with a file end formed by diamond particles or carborundum particles; one end of the grafting needle can be detachably connected with the other end of the metal rod, and the other end of the grafting needle is provided with an inclined knife surface.
One end of the grafting needle is provided with a threaded shaft; and a threaded hole matched with the threaded shaft is formed in one end, connected with the grafting needle, of the metal rod.
The inclined plane of the inclined knife face forms an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the axial direction, and the length of the inclined plane is 1cm.
Furthermore, the grafting needle and the cutter bar of the conical file can be made of metal materials, the end face of one end of the conical file is connected with the end face of one end of the metal rod in a welding mode, diamond particles or carborundum particles can be bonded to the other end of the conical file, and the whole grafting tool is in a long rod shape after the grafting needle and the conical file are combined.
The invention also provides a grafting method for inhibiting the shoot regeneration of the melon vegetable stock.
When the melon vegetables are grafted by top grafting, the method comprises the following steps:
removing true leaves and growing points of the rootstock, and reserving two cotyledons;
step two, rubbing petiole bases of two cotyledons of the stock by using a file end of a conical file;
step three, preparing a grafting hole between two cotyledons of the stock by using the inclined knife surface of the grafting needle;
inserting the scions of the melon vegetables into the grafting holes;
when the melon vegetables are grafted by grafting, the method comprises the following steps:
removing true leaves, growing points and a cotyledon of the stock, preparing a grafting section and reserving a cotyledon;
step two, rubbing the petiole base part of the cotyledon of the stock by using the file end of the conical file;
and step three, aligning the scion section and the grafting section of the melon vegetable, and fixing by using a grafting clip.
In the second step of top grafting and the second step of close grafting, the file end of the conical file is vertically rubbed with the petiole base of the cotyledon.
In the third step of top grafting, the oblique knife surface of the grafting needle is vertically inserted between two cotyledons of the stock.
In the first step of grafting, a grafting blade is used for obliquely cutting off a true leaf, a growth point and a cotyledon at the lower part of the base of a petiole of the cotyledon, and the included angle between the cutting direction and the vertical direction is 30-45 degrees.
The section angle of the scion of the melon vegetable is 30-45 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, one end of the conical file of the grafting tool is provided with a file end formed by diamond particles or carborundum particles, the texture of the file end is hard and rough, the file end can be rubbed on a grafting part of the stock to damage the epidermal tissue of the grafting part, the blade regeneration of a growth point at the grafting part of the stock is effectively inhibited, and the shoot regeneration is inhibited; the grafting needle of the grafting tool can be used for preparing grafting holes on the rootstock, and in addition, the grafting needle is detachably connected with the metal rod, so that other grafting needles with different sizes can be replaced, and the requirements of different sizes of grafting holes in the grafting of different varieties of melon vegetables are met; the grafting needle and the metal rod are matched by adopting a threaded screw hole, so that the process is simple and convenient to match; the oblique knife surface of the grafting needle is designed, so that the operation is labor-saving. According to the grafting tool, the tissue damage method and the stock incision method of the stock are integrated on one tool, so that the grafting tool is convenient to operate, the later-stage work is reduced, and manpower and material resources are saved.
The grafting method provided by the invention is based on the grafting tool, and is suitable for top grafting and grafting of melon vegetables; in the top grafting and grafting process, a growing point at the grafting position of the stock is damaged by using a file end, and a grafting hole can be prepared by using a grafting needle in the top grafting; when the file end is vertically rubbed with the basal part of the cotyledon petiole, the epidermal tissue can be removed more quickly and accurately, and the growing point at the grafting position of the rootstock is damaged; when the section angle of the melon vegetable scion is 30-45 degrees, the compatibility of the melon vegetable scion and a stock grafting part is high, and the survival rate of a grafted seedling is high. The grafting method is simple and easy to operate, and tests show that the sprouting regeneration of the stock growing points can be effectively inhibited, so that the survival rate of the melon vegetable scions is high, the growth quality is good, and the workload and the working hour for manually removing the sprouting of the stocks in the growth process of the grafted seedlings are obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an grafting tool.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tapered blade of the grafting tool.
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a grafting tool.
Fig. 4 is a disassembled schematic view of the grafting tool.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the connection of the grafting needle and the metal rod.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of grafting needles.
FIG. 7 is a statistical chart of the survival rate of grafted watermelon seedlings by different grafting methods.
FIG. 8 is a statistical chart of the regeneration rate of rootstock sprout tillers in different grafting methods.
FIG. 9 is a statistical chart of the height of the scion of watermelon grafted seedlings by different grafting methods.
FIG. 10 is a statistical chart of the leaf area of watermelon grafted seedlings according to different grafting methods.
Fig. 11 is a statistical chart of leaf area of melon and cucumber grafts from different grafting methods.
FIG. 12 is a statistical chart of the time taken to graft 1000 plants using the grafting method of the present invention and the conventional grafting method of removing shoots.
Wherein: 1-a metal rod; 1.1-threaded hole; 2-a conical file; 3-grafting needle; 3.1-threaded shaft; 3.2-oblique knife face; 4-middle-sized grafting needle; 4.1-medium threaded shaft; 4.2-medium bevel tool face; 5-large-size grafting needle; 5.1-large size threaded shaft; 5.2-large-size inclined knife face; 6-file end.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments are not limited to the invention, and the advantages of the invention will be understood more clearly by the description. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by the person skilled in the art from the present disclosure are to be considered within the scope of the present invention. The positional relationships described in the embodiments are all the same as those shown in the drawings, and other portions not described in detail in the embodiments are all the related art.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the melon vegetable grafting tool has a metal rod 1 in the middle, a conical file 2 connected to one end of the metal rod 1, and a grafting needle 3 connected to the other end of the metal rod 1, and is integrally long-rod-shaped.
Referring to fig. 2, one end of the conical file 2 is connected to the metal rod 1 by welding, and diamond particles or diamond grit particles are adhered to the other end of the conical file 2 to form a file end 6.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, one end of the grafting needle 3 is an inclined cutting surface 3.1, the other end is a threaded shaft 3.2, and a threaded hole 1.1 is drilled at one end of the metal rod 1 connected with the grafting needle 3, so that the grafting needle 3 is in threaded fit with the metal rod 1 to realize detachable fit connection.
Referring to fig. 6, the grafting needle 3 can be replaced by a middle-size grafting needle 4 or a large-size grafting needle 5, the middle-size threaded shaft 4.2 of the middle-size grafting needle 4 and the large-size threaded shaft 5.2 of the large-size grafting needle 5 are identical to the threaded shaft 3.2 in structure and size, so that the requirements of different-size cuts during grafting of different varieties of melon vegetables can be met, corresponding cutters can be prepared according to other grafting requirements, and the connecting part can be matched and connected with the metal rod 1.
In this example, the metal rod 1 is 50mm long and 1.2mm in diameter; the length of the cutter bar of the conical file 2 is 30mm; exposed end lengths of the grafting needle 3, the middle-size grafting needle 4 and the large-size grafting needle 5 are all 30mm, included angles between the inclined knife face 3.1, the middle-size inclined knife face 4.1 and the large-size inclined knife face 5.1 and the axial direction are 30-45 degrees, optionally, the diameter of the grafting needle 3 is 1mm, the included angle between the inclined knife face 3.1 and the axial direction is 45 degrees, the diameter of the middle-size grafting needle 4 is 1.2mm, the included angle between the middle-size inclined knife face 4.1 and the axial direction is 35 degrees, the diameter of the large-size grafting needle 5 is 1.5mm, and the included angle between the large-size inclined knife face 5.1 and the axial direction is 30 degrees.
The melon vegetable is grafted by using the grafting tool, and the grafting method is specifically described in the following examples.
Meanwhile, the melon vegetables in the embodiment are grafted by adopting a traditional method, wherein the traditional method comprises a traditional grafting method for removing the sprout tillers and a traditional grafting method for not removing the sprout tillers. The traditional grafting method for removing the sprouts is to graft melon vegetables by adopting the grafting method in the prior art, wherein the growing points at the grafting positions of the stocks are not treated in the grafting process, and the sprouts at the growing points at the grafting positions of the stocks are removed in the growth process of grafted seedlings; the traditional grafting method without removing the sprout tillers is to graft the melon vegetables by adopting the grafting method in the prior art, the growing points of the grafted positions of the stocks are not treated in the grafting process, and the sprout tillers of the growing points of the grafted positions of the stocks are not removed in the growth process of grafted seedlings.
Example 1
Watermelon and stock varieties: the watermelon variety is 'Zaojia 8424', the pumpkin stock variety is 'Qingyou stock No. 1', and the gourd stock is 'Jingxin stock No. 1'.
Culturing watermelon and rootstock: disinfecting watermelon scion seeds, cleaning, soaking the seeds in warm soup at room temperature for 6-8h, performing constant-temperature germination acceleration at 28 ℃ for 24-36h, and sowing the seeds in a 128-hole tray when the radicles are white; sowing the stock four days later than watermelon scion seeds, sterilizing the stock seeds, cleaning, soaking the pumpkin stock seeds in warm soup at room temperature for 6-8h, accelerating germination at the constant temperature of 28 ℃ for 24-36h, and sowing the pumpkin stock seeds in a 50-hole plug when radicles are exposed to white; soaking the cucurbit stock seeds in warm soup at room temperature for 36-48h, accelerating germination at constant temperature of 28 ℃ for 36-48h, and sowing the cucurbit stock seeds in 50-hole plug trays when the radicles are white.
When cotyledon of the watermelon scion is flattened, top grafting can be carried out, when first true leaf of the watermelon scion is slightly exposed, grafting can be carried out, and when true leaves of the pumpkin rootstock and the gourd rootstock are as big as a Mao Qian coin, grafting can be carried out. The section angle of the watermelon scion can be 30-45 degrees, and in the embodiment, is 35 degrees. The grafting tool adopts a middle-sized grafting needle 4 with the diameter of 1.2mm, and the included angle between the middle-sized inclined knife face 4.1 of the middle-sized grafting needle 4 and the axial direction is 35 degrees.
In the embodiment, the watermelon scion is subjected to top grafting and grafting on a pumpkin rootstock and a gourd rootstock respectively, the grafting process and the grafting steps of the homograft scion on different rootstocks in the homograft form are the same, and the grafting process and the grafting steps are as follows:
(1) Top grafting: firstly, cutting or removing true leaves and growing points of a pumpkin rootstock or a gourd rootstock, and reserving two cotyledons; step two, the conical file 2 of the grafting tool is perpendicular to the petioles of the cotyledons of the stock, and the file end 6 of the conical file slightly and vertically rubs the base parts of the petioles of the two cotyledons; vertically inserting a middle bevel knife surface 4.1 of a middle grafting needle 4 of a grafting tool between two cotyledons of a pumpkin stock or a gourd stock, and punching to prepare a grafting hole; and step four, inserting the cut watermelon scions into the grafting holes, slightly lifting the watermelon scions upwards, and completing the grafting if the watermelon scions do not move and fall off.
(2) Grafting by grafting: firstly, cutting off a cotyledon, a true leaf and a growing point of a rootstock from the bottom of the basal part of a cotyledon petiole of a pumpkin rootstock or a calabash rootstock in an inclined direction by using a grafting blade to prepare a grafting section, reserving a cotyledon, wherein the included angle between the cutting direction and the vertical direction can be 30-45 degrees, and the included angle is 35 degrees in the embodiment; step two, a conical file 2 of the grafting tool is perpendicular to the petioles of cotyledons of the pumpkin rootstocks or the gourd rootstocks, and a file end 6 of the conical file is used for lightly and vertically rubbing the base parts of the petioles of the cotyledons; and step three, aligning the cut surface of the cut watermelon scion with the grafting cut surface of the stock, fixing by using a grafting clamp, and completing grafting.
Healing management after grafting: and covering the grafted seedlings with a black plastic film after grafting, shading, simultaneously ensuring that the environmental humidity is over 95 percent, the temperature is controlled to be 23-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-22 ℃ at night, starting light supplementing and ventilating the grafted seedlings in the fourth day after grafting, and gradually increasing the time until the leaves of the watermelon scions do not wither.
In addition, the watermelon scion, the pumpkin rootstock and the gourd rootstock are subjected to top grafting and grafting by adopting a traditional grafting method for removing the sprout tillers and a traditional grafting method for not removing the sprout tillers.
Watermelon grafted seedlings of the grafting method, watermelon grafted seedlings of the traditional grafting method for removing the sprout tillers and watermelon grafted seedlings of the traditional grafting method for not removing the sprout tillers are cultured for fourteen days under the same conditions and then evaluated.
The survival rates of the watermelon grafted seedlings of the three grafting methods are counted, the statistical result is shown in figure 7, and the survival rate of the watermelon grafted seedlings by adopting the grafting method of the invention is not much different from that of the traditional method no matter the pumpkin stocks or the gourd stocks are adopted; counting the shoot regeneration rate of the stock growing point of the watermelon grafted seedling by adopting the grafting method and the traditional grafting method without removing shoots, wherein the statistical result is shown in figure 8, so that the shoot regeneration rate of the grafting method is obviously reduced compared with that of the traditional grafting method without removing shoots, and the shoot regeneration rate of the growing point at the grafting position of the stock is effectively inhibited; the height and leaf area of the watermelon grafted seedling of the three grafting methods are measured to evaluate the quality of the grafted seedling, the measurement results are shown in fig. 9 and fig. 10, when a pumpkin stock is adopted, the height of the watermelon grafted seedling of different grafting methods is not changed greatly, when a gourd stock is adopted, the height of the watermelon grafted seedling of the grafting method is obviously higher than that of the watermelon grafted seedling of the traditional method, and when the watermelon grafted seedling and the gourd stock are grafted in a sticking way, the height of the watermelon grafted seedling is the highest; the leaf area of the watermelon grafted seedling adopting the grafting method is larger than that of the traditional method no matter the pumpkin rootstock or the gourd rootstock is adopted, and the leaf area is the largest when the watermelon scion and the pumpkin rootstock or the gourd rootstock are grafted by grafting.
Example 2
Melon and rootstock varieties: the melon variety is 'Akkouqi' and the pumpkin stock variety is 'Qingyou stock No. 1'.
Culturing melons and rootstocks: sterilizing melon scion seeds, cleaning, soaking the seeds in warm soup at room temperature for 6-8h, then accelerating germination at a constant temperature of 28 ℃ for 12-24h, and sowing the seeds in a 128-hole plug when radicles are exposed to white; the seeding of the stock is later than that of the watermelon scion seeds for four days, the stock seeds are disinfected and cleaned, then the pumpkin stock is soaked in warm soup at room temperature for 6-8h, then the constant-temperature germination is carried out at 28 ℃ for 24-36h, and the stock seeds are sowed in 50-hole trays when the radicles are exposed to white.
Top grafting can be carried out when cotyledon of the melon scion is flattened, grafting can be carried out when the first true leaf of the melon scion is slightly exposed, and grafting can be carried out when the true leaf of the pumpkin rootstock is as big as a Mao Qian coin. The section angle of the melon scion can be 30-45 degrees, and in the embodiment, the section angle is 30 degrees. The grafting tool adopts a large-size grafting needle 5 with the diameter of 1.5mm, and the included angle between the large-size inclined knife face 5.1 of the large-size grafting needle 5 and the axial direction is 30 degrees.
In this embodiment, the top grafting and the grafting of the melon scion on the pumpkin rootstock are performed, and the grafting process and the steps are as follows:
(1) Top grafting: firstly, cutting or removing true leaves and growing points of a pumpkin rootstock, and reserving two cotyledons; step two, a conical file 2 of the grafting tool is perpendicular to petioles of cotyledons of the pumpkin rootstocks to be grafted, and file ends 6 of the conical file are used for lightly and vertically rubbing the base parts of the petioles of the two cotyledons; vertically inserting a large bevel knife face 5.1 of a large grafting needle 5 of a grafting tool between two cotyledons of the pumpkin stock, and punching to prepare a grafting hole; and step four, inserting the cut melon scions into the grafting holes, slightly lifting upwards, and completing grafting if the melon scions do not move and fall off.
(2) Grafting by grafting: firstly, cutting off a cotyledon, a true leaf and a growing point of a rootstock from the bottom of the base part of a cotyledon petiole of a pumpkin rootstock in an oblique upward direction by using a grafting blade to prepare a grafting section, and reserving a cotyledon, wherein the included angle between the cutting direction and the vertical direction can be 30-45 degrees, and the included angle is 30 degrees in the embodiment; step two, enabling a conical file 2 of the grafting tool to be perpendicular to a petiole of a cotyledon of the pumpkin rootstock, and lightly and vertically rubbing a petiole base part of the cotyledon by using a file end 6 of the conical file; and step three, aligning the cut surface of the cut melon scion with the grafting cut surface of the pumpkin rootstock, fixing by using a grafting clamp, and completing grafting.
Healing management after grafting: and covering the grafted seedling with a black plastic film after grafting, shading, simultaneously ensuring that the environmental humidity is more than 95%, the temperature in the daytime is controlled at 23-26 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled at 18-22 ℃, starting light supplementing and ventilating the grafted seedling in the fourth day after grafting, and gradually increasing the time until the leaf of the scion does not wither.
In addition, the melon scion and the pumpkin rootstock are subjected to top grafting and grafting by adopting a traditional grafting method for removing sprout tillers and a traditional grafting method for not removing sprout tillers.
The melon grafted seedling of the grafting method, the melon grafted seedling of the traditional grafting method for removing the sprout tillers and the melon grafted seedling of the traditional grafting method for not removing the sprout tillers are cultured for 14 days under the same condition and then evaluated.
The leaf areas of the melon grafted seedlings of the three grafting methods are measured to evaluate the quality of the melon grafted seedlings, and the measurement results are shown in fig. 11.
Example 3
Cucumber and rootstock varieties: the cucumber variety is Jinyou No. 35, and the pumpkin stock variety is Qingyou stock No. 1.
Culturing melons and stocks: sterilizing melon scion seeds, cleaning, soaking the seeds in warm soup at room temperature for 6-8h, then accelerating germination at a constant temperature of 28 ℃ for 12-24h, and sowing the seeds in a 128-hole plug when radicles are exposed to white; the sowing of the rootstock is later than that of watermelon scion seeds for four days, the rootstock seeds are disinfected and cleaned, then the pumpkin rootstock seeds are soaked in warm water for 6-8h at room temperature, then the constant temperature germination is carried out for 24-36h at 28 ℃, and the rootstock seeds are sowed in 50-hole trays when the radicles are white.
When cotyledon of the cucumber scion is flattened, top grafting can be carried out, when first true leaf of the cucumber scion is slightly exposed, sticking grafting can be carried out, and when the true leaf of the pumpkin rootstock is as large as a Mao-qian coin, grafting can be carried out. The section angle of the cucumber scion can be 30-45 degrees, and in the embodiment, 45 degrees are adopted. The grafting tool adopts a grafting needle 3 with the diameter of 1mm, and the inclined blade surface 3.1 of the grafting needle 3 forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the axial direction.
In this embodiment, the cucumber scion is grafted by top grafting and grafting on a pumpkin rootstock, and the grafting process and the steps are as follows:
(1) Top grafting: firstly, cutting or picking off true leaves and growing points of a pumpkin rootstock, and reserving two cotyledons; step two, the conical file 2 of the grafting tool is perpendicular to the petioles of the cotyledons of the pumpkin rootstocks to be grafted, and the file end 6 of the conical file is used for lightly and vertically rubbing the base parts of the petioles of the two cotyledons; vertically inserting an inclined knife surface 3.1 of a grafting needle 3 of a grafting tool between two cotyledons of the pumpkin stock, and punching to prepare a grafting hole; and step four, inserting the cut cucumber scions into the grafting holes, slightly lifting upwards, and completing grafting after the cucumber scions do not move and fall off.
(2) Grafting by grafting: firstly, cutting off a cotyledon, a true leaf and a growing point of a stock from the bottom of the base part of a cotyledon petiole of a pumpkin stock in an inclined upward direction by using a grafting blade to prepare a grafting section, reserving a cotyledon, and taking an included angle of 30-45 degrees between the cutting direction and the vertical direction, wherein the included angle is 45 degrees in the embodiment; step two, enabling a conical file 2 of the grafting tool to be perpendicular to a petiole of a cotyledon of the pumpkin rootstock, and lightly and vertically rubbing a petiole base part of the cotyledon by using a file end 6 of the conical file; and step three, aligning the cut surface of the cucumber scion with the grafting cut surface of the pumpkin rootstock, fixing by using a grafting clamp, and completing grafting.
Healing management after grafting: and covering the grafted seedlings with a black plastic film after grafting, shading, simultaneously ensuring that the environmental humidity is over 95 percent, the temperature is controlled to be 23-26 ℃ in the daytime and 18-22 ℃ at night, starting light supplementing and ventilating the grafted seedlings in the fourth day after grafting, and gradually increasing the time until the leaves of the grafted seedlings do not wither.
In addition, the cucumber scion and the pumpkin rootstock are subjected to top grafting and grafting by adopting a traditional grafting method for removing the sprout tillers and a traditional grafting method for not removing the sprout tillers.
The cucumber grafted seedling of the grafting method, the cucumber grafted seedling of the traditional grafting method for removing the sprout tiller and the cucumber grafted seedling of the traditional grafting method for not removing the sprout tiller are all cultured for 14 days under the same condition, and then evaluation is carried out.
The leaf areas of the cucumber grafted seedlings of the three grafting methods are measured to evaluate the quality of the cucumber grafted seedlings, the measurement results are shown in fig. 11, the leaf areas of the cucumber grafted seedlings adopting the grafting method are larger than those of the cucumber grafted seedlings adopting the traditional method, and the leaf areas of the cucumber grafted seedlings and the cucumber rootstocks are the largest when the cucumber grafted seedlings and the pumpkin rootstocks are grafted in a grafting manner.
In addition, the time shared by 1000 plants grafted by the grafting method and the traditional grafting method for removing the sprout tillers and the maintenance of the grafted seedlings after the grafting is counted, the time used for maintaining the grafted seedlings in the counting is the time used for manually removing the sprout tillers of the stock for three times in the growth process of the grafted seedlings, and the statistical result is shown in fig. 12.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a restrain melon vegetables stock and sprout regenerated grafting instrument of tiller which characterized in that: the grafting tool comprises a metal rod (1), a conical file (2) and a grafting needle (3), wherein one end of the conical file (2) is fixedly connected to one end of the metal rod (1), and the other end of the conical file (2) is provided with a file end (6) formed by diamond particles or diamond grit particles; one end of the grafting needle (3) is detachably connected with the other end of the metal rod (1), and the other end of the grafting needle (3) is provided with an inclined knife surface (3.1); the inclined plane of the inclined knife face (3.1) forms an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the axial direction, and the length of the inclined plane is 1cm.
2. The grafting tool for inhibiting sprouting regeneration of the rootstocks of the melon vegetables according to claim 1, wherein: one end of the grafting needle (3) is provided with a threaded shaft (3.2); one end of the metal rod (1) connected with the grafting needle (3) is provided with a threaded hole (1.1) matched with the threaded shaft (3.2).
3. A grafting method for inhibiting sprouting regeneration of a melon vegetable stock is characterized by comprising the following steps: the grafting tool for inhibiting the sprouting regeneration of the rootstock of the melon vegetables, which is used for the grafting of the melon vegetables by top grafting, comprises the following steps:
removing true leaves and growing points of the rootstock, and reserving two cotyledons;
step two, vertically rubbing petiole bases of two cotyledons of the stock by using a file end (6) of the conical file (2);
thirdly, preparing a grafting hole between two cotyledons of the stock by using an inclined knife surface (3.1) of the grafting needle (3);
inserting the scions of the melon vegetables into the grafting holes;
the grafting tool for inhibiting the sprouting regeneration of the rootstock of the melon vegetables, which is used for the grafting of the melon vegetables, according to the claim 1 or 2, comprises the following steps:
removing true leaves, growing points and one cotyledon of the stock, preparing a grafting section, and reserving one cotyledon;
step two, vertically rubbing the petiole base part of the cotyledon of the stock by using the file end (6) of the conical file (2);
and step three, aligning the scion section and the grafting section of the melon vegetable, and fixing by using a grafting clip.
4. The grafting method for inhibiting sprouting regeneration of the rootstocks of the melon vegetables according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the third step of top grafting, the oblique knife surface (3.1) of the grafting needle (3) is vertically inserted between two cotyledons of the rootstock.
5. The grafting method for inhibiting sprouting regeneration of the rootstocks of the melon vegetables according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the first step of grafting, a grafting blade is used for obliquely cutting off a true leaf, a growth point and a cotyledon from the lower part of the base of a leaf stalk of the cotyledon, and the included angle between the cutting direction of the blade and the vertical direction is 30-45 degrees.
6. The grafting method for inhibiting shoot regeneration of the melon vegetable rootstock according to claim 3, wherein the grafting method comprises the following steps: the section angle of the scion of the melon vegetables is 30-45 degrees.
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