CN113390074A - Thermal power plant heat storage power generation peak regulation and frequency modulation system and working method - Google Patents
Thermal power plant heat storage power generation peak regulation and frequency modulation system and working method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
- F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/44—Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a peak-shaving frequency-modulation system for heat storage power generation of a thermal power plant and a working method thereof. The heat storage device comprises a heat storage medium, a peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater and a low-pressure heating overheat heat exchanger; the peak-regulating frequency-modulating electric heater utilizes the peak-regulating frequency-modulating surplus power of the thermal power generating unit to supply power to heat the heat storage medium; the low-pressure heating superheat heat exchanger sends superheated steam generated after the feed water or the condensed water is heated to a reheater of a thermal power generating unit or a heat storage small turbine. The method has the advantages that during the low-ebb period of electricity utilization, the surplus high-temperature steam, high-temperature flue gas or electric power of the thermal power plant is used for heating the heat storage medium to realize peak-regulation, frequency-modulation and heat storage, and the flexible peak-regulation and frequency-modulation auxiliary service of the thermal power plant is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy utilization, in particular to a heat storage power generation peak regulation and frequency modulation system based on a thermal power plant and a working method.
Background
The energy storage power station is an urgent need for improving the efficiency, safety and economy of conventional energy power generation and transmission. In order to meet the requirement of power load, the current installed power generation capacity and the current power grid capacity are built according to the maximum requirement, and the peak-valley difference of the power grid gradually increases, so that the shutdown or low-load operation of a generator set at the time of non-power consumption peak and the waste of the power grid capacity are inevitably caused. The total power generation load coefficient of a conventional coal-fired power generating set in 2011 nationwide is only 51.8%, and the load utilization coefficient of a power grid is also less than 55%. The energy storage of the energy storage power station can be utilized to greatly improve the actual operation efficiency of the thermal power generating unit and enhance the power transmission capacity of the power grid. For example, in 2011, if the systems are all improved to 80%, the construction of a thermal power installation with 2.1 billion kilowatts and the construction of 25% of power grid capacity can be reduced, which is equivalent to reducing the investment by 1.05 trillion yuan, and 3000 trillion standard coals are saved every year.
For the last 10 years, major developed countries have launched national research programs for electrical energy storage systems, including the united states, japan, the united kingdom, the european union, australia, and so on. It is expected that by 2050, the capacity of the world's power storage system will increase from now 3.0% of the total power generation (128GW) to 10% -15%, and even higher. By 2011, the energy storage installation in China is 17GW, which accounts for about 1.6% of the total installed electric power in China and is far lower than the average level of 2.6% in the world; by 2020, the installed capacity of the electric power energy storage in China needs to reach more than 70GW, which accounts for 4.0% -5.0% of the total installed capacity of the electric power in China. The existing energy storage technologies include pumped storage, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), thermal storage, storage battery, superconduction, flywheel, super capacitor and the like, and comparison of the energy storage technologies can find that: except that the single capacity of 3 kinds of physical energy storage, such as pumped storage, compressed air energy storage and heat storage, can reach or exceed 100MW scale, other energy storage technologies are all below 10MW or even 1MW scale; only the 3 physical energy storage technologies have low cost, no more than 100 dollars/kw.h and long energy storage life.
With the growing shortage of global energy consumption, people pay more and more attention to the environment. Energy shortage and environmental pollution have become important topics influencing people's lives and restricting social development, and all countries around the world strive to develop clean new energy. Solar energy, as a clean, environmentally friendly, and abundant natural energy, is increasingly used as the energy source in human resources.
Common medium-high temperature heat storage media comprise steam, water, heat conduction oil, liquid metal, air, molten salt and the like, if the medium-high temperature heat storage media can be utilized, high-temperature steam is generated to enter a steam turbine to increase the generated energy in the peak period of electricity utilization, and the electric heater is utilized to heat the heat storage media to realize peak regulation, frequency modulation and heat storage in the valley period of electricity utilization, so that the flexible peak regulation, frequency modulation and auxiliary service of a thermal power plant can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a thermal power plant heat storage power generation peak regulation and frequency modulation system and a working method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a peak-shaving frequency modulation system for heat storage power generation of a thermal power plant, which is arranged in the thermal power plant, wherein the thermal power plant comprises a power station boiler, a large steam turbine and a generator, and also comprises a heat storage device and a unit peak-shaving frequency modulation control unit;
the heat storage device comprises a heat storage medium, a peak-regulating frequency-modulating electric heater and a low-pressure heating overheat heat exchanger;
the heat storage medium is any one of a sensible heat storage material, a latent heat storage material and a thermochemical heat storage material;
the peak-regulating frequency-modulating electric heater utilizes the peak-regulating frequency-modulating surplus power of the thermal power generating unit to supply power to heat the heat storage medium or utilizes high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature steam in the thermal power plant to heat the heat storage medium; superheated steam generated by the low-pressure heating superheated heat exchanger arranged in the heat storage device is sent to a reheater of the thermal power generating unit and then enters the large steam turbine or the heat storage small steam turbine to drive the generator or the small generator to generate power.
Furthermore, the power supply of the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater comes from a generator outlet bus, a plant power bus or a post-booster station delivery bus, and the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric power of the thermal power plant is utilized to meet the power supply of the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater.
Furthermore, a low-pressure heater in the thermal power plant is connected with a deaerator or a condenser, and feed water or condensed water is sent to the low-pressure heating superheat heat exchanger arranged in the heat storage device through a low-pressure feed water pump.
Furthermore, a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger is arranged in the heat storage device and connected with a flue gas supply and return pipeline of the power station boiler, and the high-temperature flue gas of the power station boiler is extracted to heat the heat storage medium.
Furthermore, a high-temperature steam heat exchanger is arranged in the heat storage device and connected with a high-temperature steam pipeline, and the high-temperature steam is from any one of main steam, reheat steam or extraction steam of a large steam turbine of a power station boiler.
Furthermore, the sensible heat storage material of the heat storage medium comprises any one of concrete, solid magnesia bricks, solid heat-resistant sand and high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting oil.
Further, the latent heat storage material of the heat storage medium comprises any one of high-temperature molten salt, mixed salt, metal, alloy and the like, and the formula of the high-temperature molten salt comprises any one or combination of alkali metal, halide of alkaline earth metal, silicate, carbonate, nitrate and phosphate.
Further, the thermochemical heat storage material of the heat storage medium is metal hydride or amide.
Further, the heat storage device is used for single-stage, two-stage, three-stage or multi-stage heat storage; the temperature in the single-stage heat storage device is more than 300 ℃.
Further, the heat storage device is used for two-stage heat storage, one stage is a high-temperature heat storage unit, and the temperature range of a heat storage medium is 500-1200 ℃; the second stage is a low-temperature heat storage unit, and the temperature range of the heat storage medium is 300-500 ℃.
The second aspect of the invention provides a working method of a peak shaving and frequency modulation system for heat storage power generation of a thermal power plant, which comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the situation of the site in the thermal power plant, designing and selecting the optimal heat storage medium of the heat storage device, and designing the number of heat storage stages and the temperature range of the heat storage medium of each stage of heat storage device;
s2, selecting a corresponding heat storage heat source according to the heat storage medium temperature of each stage of heat storage device, and adopting a peak-and-frequency-modulation electric heater driven by peak-and-frequency-modulation electric power as the heat storage heat source, or utilizing high-temperature flue gas, main steam, reheated steam or extracted steam of a boiler as the heat storage heat source;
s41, according to the current operation state of the thermal power plant, if the surplus peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric power can drive the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater, skipping to execute the step S42; if the boiler allows to extract high-temperature flue gas for heating the heat storage medium, skipping to execute the step S43; if the thermal power plant has surplus main steam, reheat steam or extracted steam for heating the heat storage medium, skipping to execute the step S44;
s42, supplying power to a peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater of the heat storage device by utilizing surplus peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric power, and enabling the heat storage medium to reach the heat storage temperature of the heat storage medium in an electric heating mode;
s43, opening a heating flue gas inlet valve and an outlet valve of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger, and discharging the high-temperature flue gas guided from the boiler into the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger to return to a flue of the power station boiler through the outlet valve after the high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger to release heat; the heat storage medium in the heat storage device absorbs the heat of the high-temperature flue gas and then reaches the heat storage temperature;
s44, opening a heating steam inlet valve and an outlet valve of the high-temperature steam heat exchanger, and discharging the high-temperature steam which is introduced from main steam, reheat steam or steam extraction of a large steam turbine of the thermal power plant to the outlet valve after the high-temperature steam enters the high-temperature steam heat exchanger to release heat and then returns to a thermal power system of the thermal power plant; the heat storage medium in the heat storage device absorbs the heat of the high-temperature steam and reaches the heat storage temperature;
and S5, the steam generated by heating the heat storage device enters a large steam turbine or a small heat storage steam turbine of the thermal power plant to drive a generator to increase the generated energy, so that the peak-pushing capacity of the thermal power plant at the peak stage of the power demand is increased, and the usage amount of the boiler coal is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) in the peak-shaving frequency modulation system for heat storage power generation of the thermal power plant, the heat storage device exchanges heat with the thermal power plant through the electric heater or the high-temperature heat exchanger, and utilizes peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric power or peak-shaving frequency-modulation flue gas and steam to realize heat storage, so that energy is saved, heat supply and power generation can be assisted in the heat consumption peak of the thermal power plant, otherwise, the excess heat energy of the thermal power plant can be stored in the heat storage medium and supplied to the thermal power plant for use when the heat consumption peak is reached, and therefore the peak-shaving frequency modulation of the thermal power plant is realized.
2) The heat storage power generation peak regulation and frequency modulation system of the thermal power plant is arranged in the thermal power plant, the existing thermal power unit equipment is fully utilized, a new generator set is not needed, and the investment is greatly saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a peak shaving and frequency modulation system for thermal power storage and power generation in a thermal power plant in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of a peak shaving and frequency modulation system for thermal power storage and power generation in a thermal power plant in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of a peak shaving frequency modulation system for thermal power storage power generation in a thermal power plant according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic operation step diagram of an operating method of a peak shaving frequency modulation system for thermal power storage power generation in a thermal power plant in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1-power station boiler, 2-big steam turbine, 3-generator, 4-condenser, 5-low pressure heater, 6-deaerator, 7-high pressure heater, 8-low pressure heat storage tank water feeding pump, 9-heat storage device, 10-peak regulation and frequency modulation electric heater, 11-heat storage small steam turbine, 12-low pressure heating overheat heat exchanger, 13-high temperature flue gas heat exchanger, 14-high temperature steam heat exchanger, 15-unit peak regulation and frequency modulation control unit, 16-small generator, 17-fused salt cold tank, 18-fused salt hot tank, 19-solid heat storage magnesia brick, 20-high temperature resistant fan.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the technical solution, and the detailed implementation and the specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the peak shaving and frequency modulation system for heat storage power generation of a thermal power plant comprises a heat storage device 9 and a unit peak shaving and frequency modulation control unit 15. The thermal power plant heat storage power generation peak regulation and frequency modulation system is arranged in the thermal power plant, and the thermal power plant comprises a power station boiler 1, a large steam turbine 2 and a generator 3. A power station boiler 1 in a thermal power plant burns pulverized coal to heat water in the boiler, water vapor is generated, a large steam turbine 2 is driven to move to generate kinetic energy, the large steam turbine drives a generator 3 to move, and magnetic lines of force are cut to generate electric energy. The steam releasing the thermal potential energy is discharged from an exhaust port of the large steam turbine 2, is sent into the condenser 4 for cooling, is condensed into water again, and the condensed water is sent into the low-pressure heater 5 by the condensed water pump and finally returns into the deaerator 6. The water in the deaerator 6 is sent to the heat storage device 9 through the low-pressure heat storage tank water feeding pump 8. The low-pressure heating overheating heat exchanger in the heat storage device is connected with a reheater (not shown in the figure) in the thermal power plant and the heat storage small turbine 11, the reheater is connected with the large turbine 2, and the heat storage small turbine 11 is connected with the small generator 16 and the condenser 4. The large steam turbine 2 and the generator 3 are the existing units of the thermal power plant, the heat storage small steam turbine 11 and the small generator 16 can be thermal power units built with new investment, and the power generation capacity is smaller than that of the large steam turbine 2 and the generator 3 of the thermal power plant. The unit peak-shaving frequency-modulation control unit 15 controls the charging of the heat storage device 9 according to the scheduling instruction of the power plant centralized control system of the superior power grid. When the power supply is surplus, the power plant centralized control system controls the unit peak-load and frequency-modulation control unit 15 to charge the heat storage device 9. The peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater 10 heats the heat storage medium by supplying power to the unit peak-shaving frequency-modulation control unit 15. The peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater 10 arranged in the heat storage device supplies power from a generator outlet bus, a plant power bus or a post-booster station delivery bus, and the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater is supplied with power by utilizing the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric power of a thermal power plant. The generator outlet bus is a generator terminal voltage bus, and the generator outlet bus is connected to the service bus through the reactor.
When the power supply is short, the power plant centralized control system controls the unit peak-shaving frequency-modulation control unit 15 to control the heat storage device 9 to release heat and generate power. A low-pressure heater 5 in a thermal power plant is connected with a deaerator or a condenser, feed water or condensed water is sent to a low-pressure heating overheat heat exchanger 12 arranged in a heat storage device through a low-pressure heat storage tank feed pump 8, the heat storage device releases heat energy to heat water in the low-pressure heating overheat heat exchanger 10, generated overheat steam is sent to a reheater of the thermal power unit, and after the temperature of the steam is further increased, the steam enters a middle pressure cylinder of a large steam turbine 2 to do work and generate power or is sent to a small heat storage steam turbine 11 to do work and generate power. The heat-released steam in the heat storage small turbine 11 enters the condenser 4 to be cooled.
The heat storage device 9 comprises a heat storage medium, a peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater 10 and a low-pressure heating overheat heat exchanger 12; the heat storage medium is any one of a sensible heat storage material, a latent heat storage material and a thermochemical heat storage material. The sensible heat storage material comprises any one of concrete, solid magnesia bricks, solid heat-resistant sand and high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting oil. The latent heat storage material comprises any one of high-temperature melting salt, mixed salt, metal, alloy and the like, and the high-temperature melting salt comprises any one or a combination of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal halide, silicate, carbonate, nitrate and phosphate. The thermochemical heat storage material is metal hydride or amide.
The heat storage device is used for single-stage, two-stage, three-stage or multi-stage heat storage; the temperature in the single-stage heat storage device is more than 300 ℃.
When the heat storage device is a two-stage heat storage device, one stage is a high-temperature heat storage unit, and the temperature range of the heat storage medium is 500-1200 ℃; the second stage is a low-temperature heat storage unit, and the temperature range of the heat storage medium is 300-500 ℃.
And a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 13 is also arranged in the heat storage device and is connected with a flue gas supply and return pipeline of the power station boiler, and the flue gas supply and return pipeline comprises a flue gas supply pipeline and a flue gas return pipeline. An inlet valve is arranged on the flue gas supply pipeline, and an outlet valve is arranged on the flue gas return pipeline. When the solid heat storage bricks need to be stored with heat, an inlet valve on a flue gas supply pipeline is opened, high-temperature flue gas of the power station boiler is extracted to heat a heat storage medium, and the heat storage medium in the heat storage device reaches the heat storage temperature after absorbing the heat of the high-temperature flue gas. And the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is discharged from the outlet valve, returns to the power station boiler through the flue gas return pipe and is discharged through an exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler. When the heat storage device is required to generate power, the heat storage device releases heat energy, water in the overheating heat exchanger 10 is heated at low pressure, generated overheating steam is sent to a reheater of the thermal power generating unit, the temperature of the steam is further increased, and then the steam enters an intermediate pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine 2 to do work and generate power or is sent to the small heat storage steam turbine 11 to do work and generate power.
And a high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14 is further arranged in the heat storage device and connected with a high-temperature steam pipeline, the high-temperature steam pipeline is connected with a main steam pipeline of the pulverized coal boiler of the thermal power plant through an inlet valve, a reheater pipeline and a steam turbine extraction pipeline, and any high-temperature steam in main steam, reheated steam or extracted steam of a large steam turbine of the boiler of the thermal power plant is extracted. The heat storage medium in the heat storage device absorbs the heat of the high-temperature steam and then reaches the heat storage temperature. And the low-temperature steam after heat exchange is sent to a condenser 4 of the large steam turbine for cooling. When the heat storage device is required to generate power, the heat storage device releases heat energy, water in the overheating heat exchanger 10 is heated at low pressure, generated overheating steam is sent to a reheater of the thermal power generating unit, the temperature of the steam is further increased, and then the steam enters an intermediate pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine 2 to do work and generate power or is sent to the small heat storage steam turbine 11 to do work and generate power.
The beneficial effect of this embodiment is:
1) utilize the heat accumulation device to carry out thermal exchange through electric heater or high temperature heat exchanger and thermal power plant, utilize peak regulation FM electric power or peak regulation FM flue gas, steam to realize the heat accumulation, the energy saving can be in the power consumption peak hour auxiliary heating electricity generation of thermal power plant, otherwise then can store the surplus waste heat energy of thermal power plant in the heat accumulation medium, supply with the thermal power plant when treating the heat consumption peak and use to realize thermal power plant's heat accumulation peak regulation frequency modulation.
2) The steam turbine and the generator in the existing thermal power generating unit equipment are utilized, and no new steam turbine and generator set are needed to be invested, so that huge investment is saved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the heat storage medium in the heat storage device is high-temperature molten salt, and the heat storage device further includes a molten salt cold tank 17 and a molten salt hot tank 18.
When heat is required to be stored in a heat storage medium in the heat storage device, cold salt in the molten salt cold tank 17 is pumped into the peak-regulating frequency-modulating electric heater 10 through the molten salt pump, the peak-regulating frequency-modulating electric heater 10 heats the cold salt by utilizing peak-regulating frequency-modulating electric power, and the heated molten salt is pumped into the molten salt hot tank 18 through the hot salt pump; or the cold salt in the molten salt cold tank 17 is pumped into the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger 13 by the molten salt pump, the high-temperature flue gas of the power station boiler is used for heating the molten salt, and the heated molten salt is pumped into the molten salt hot tank 18 by the hot salt pump; or the cold salt in the molten salt cold tank 17 is pumped into the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14 through the molten salt pump, the main steam, the reheat steam or the steam pumped by the large turbine of the power station boiler is used for heating the molten salt, and the heated molten salt is pumped into the molten salt hot tank 18 through the molten salt pump.
When power generation is required by a heat storage medium in the heat storage device, high-temperature molten salt in the molten salt hot tank 18 is pumped into the low-pressure heating superheat heat exchanger 12 through the molten salt pump, the high-temperature molten salt heats water in the low-pressure heating superheat heat exchanger 12 to generate steam, and the high-temperature steam enters the large steam turbine 2 to do work for power generation or enters the small heat storage steam turbine 11 to do work for power generation.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment are that utilize high temperature fused salt as heat-retaining medium, heat storage device area is little to utilize the high-temperature steam or the high temperature flue gas of thermal power plant, heat storage device's efficiency can reach more than 70%, and the cost is lower.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the heat storage medium in the heat storage device 9 is a solid heat storage brick, and the heat storage material of the solid heat storage brick includes any one of concrete, solid magnesia brick, solid heat-resistant sand, and soil. Preferably, the solid heat storage bricks in the embodiment are solid heat storage magnesia bricks. The solid heat-accumulating magnesia bricks 19 are arranged in the heat-accumulating device 9, and the peak-regulating and frequency-regulating electric heater 10 is driven by the peak-regulating and frequency-regulating electric power to accumulate heat in the solid magnesia bricks. The peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater 10 in the heat storage device 9 is an electric heating sheet or an electric heating wire arranged in a solid heat storage brick, and the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater 10 is connected with a unit peak-shaving frequency-modulation control unit 15 in a power plant. When the heat storage device is required to release heat for power generation, the high-temperature resistant fan 20 extracts air, the air flows to the solid heat storage magnesium bricks 19 through the air duct, the solid heat storage magnesium bricks 19 heat the flowing air, the heated air flows to the fin tubes of the low-pressure heating overheat heat exchanger 12, liquid in the fin tubes is heated and then enters the high-temperature resistant fan 20 to continue to circulate, and high-temperature steam generated after the liquid in the fin tubes is heated enters the large steam turbine 2 for power generation or enters the small heat storage steam turbine 11 for power generation.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, the working method of the peak shaving and frequency modulation system for heat storage power generation of the thermal power plant includes the following steps:
s1, according to the situation of the site in the thermal power plant, designing and selecting the optimal heat storage medium of the heat storage device, and designing the number of heat storage stages and the temperature range of the heat storage medium of each stage of heat storage device; the heat storage medium is any one of a sensible heat storage material, a latent heat storage material and a thermochemical heat storage material. The sensible heat storage material comprises any one of concrete, solid magnesia bricks, solid heat-resistant sand and high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting oil. The latent heat storage material comprises any one of high-temperature melting salt, mixed salt, metal, alloy and the like, and the high-temperature melting salt comprises any one or a combination of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal halide, silicate, carbonate, nitrate and phosphate. The thermochemical heat storage material is metal hydride or amide. And designing the heat storage stage number of the heat storage device according to the peak-load and frequency modulation capacity of the thermal power plant, the selected solid heat storage material of the heat storage device and the heat storage temperature working range of the solid heat storage material.
S2, selecting a corresponding heat storage heat source according to the heat storage medium temperature of each stage of heat storage device (9), and adopting a peak-and-frequency-modulation electric heater (10) driven by peak-and-frequency-modulation electric power as the heat storage heat source, or utilizing high-temperature flue gas, main steam, reheated steam or extracted steam of a boiler as the heat storage heat source;
s41, according to the current operation state of the thermal power plant, if the surplus peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric power can drive the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater (10), skipping to execute the step S42; if the boiler allows to extract high-temperature flue gas for heating the heat storage medium, skipping to execute the step S43; if the thermal power plant has surplus main steam, reheat steam or extracted steam for heating the heat storage medium, skipping to execute the step S44;
s42, supplying power to an electric heater of the heat storage device by utilizing surplus peak-shaving frequency-modulated power, and enabling the heat storage medium to reach the heat storage temperature of the heat storage medium in an electric heating mode;
s43, opening a heating flue gas inlet valve and an outlet valve of the flue gas heat exchanger, and discharging high-temperature flue gas guided from the boiler into the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger to return to a flue of the power station boiler through the outlet valve after the high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger to release heat; the heat storage medium in the heat storage device absorbs the heat of the high-temperature flue gas and reaches the heat storage temperature;
s44, opening a heating steam inlet valve and an outlet valve of the high-temperature steam heat exchanger, and discharging the high-temperature steam which is introduced from main steam, reheat steam or steam extraction of a large steam turbine of the thermal power plant to the outlet valve after the high-temperature steam enters the high-temperature steam heat exchanger to release heat and then returns to a thermal power system of the thermal power plant; the heat storage medium in the heat storage device absorbs the heat of the high-temperature steam and reaches the heat storage temperature;
and S5, the steam generated by heating the heat storage device enters a large steam turbine or a small heat storage steam turbine of the thermal power plant to drive a generator to increase the generated energy, so that the peak-pushing capacity of the thermal power plant at the peak stage of the power demand is increased, and the usage amount of the boiler coal is reduced.
The beneficial benefit of this embodiment can carry out the peak regulation frequency modulation according to surplus electric power of thermal power plant, the high temperature steam of thermal power plant or high temperature flue gas, even also can utilize the high temperature steam of thermal power plant or high temperature flue gas to heat storage device in summer to turn into the electric energy through heat storage device, participate in the peak regulation frequency modulation of thermal power plant, ensure power supply.
Various corresponding changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art based on the above technical solutions and concepts, and all such changes and modifications should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A thermal power plant heat storage power generation peak regulation and frequency modulation system is arranged in a thermal power plant, the thermal power plant comprises a power station boiler (1), a large steam turbine (2) and a generator (3), and the thermal power plant heat storage power generation peak regulation and frequency modulation system is characterized by comprising a heat storage device (9) and a unit peak regulation and frequency modulation control unit (15);
the heat storage device (9) comprises a heat storage medium, a peak-regulating frequency-modulating electric heater (10) and a low-pressure heating overheat heat exchanger (12);
the heat storage medium is any one of a sensible heat storage material, a latent heat storage material and a thermochemical heat storage material;
the peak-regulating frequency-modulating electric heater (10) utilizes the peak-regulating frequency-modulating surplus power of the thermal power generating unit to supply power to heat the heat storage medium or utilizes high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature steam in the thermal power plant to heat the heat storage medium;
superheated steam generated by the low-pressure heating superheated heat exchanger (12) arranged in the heat storage device (9) is sent to a reheater of a thermal power generating unit and then enters the large steam turbine (2) to drive the generator (3), or the superheated steam enters the heat storage small steam turbine (11) to drive the small generator (16) to generate power.
2. The thermal power plant heat storage power generation peak-shaving frequency modulation system according to claim 1, wherein the peak-shaving frequency modulation electric heater (10) is powered by a generator outlet bus, a plant power bus or a post-booster station factory bus, and the peak-shaving frequency modulation electric heater (10) is powered by the thermal power plant peak-shaving frequency modulation electric power.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that a low-pressure heater (5) in the thermal power plant is connected with a deaerator (6) or a condenser (4), and feed water or condensed water is fed into the low-pressure heating superheating heat exchanger (12) arranged in the thermal storage device (9) through a low-pressure feed water pump (8).
4. The peak-shaving frequency modulation system for thermal power plant heat storage and power generation as claimed in claim 1, wherein a high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (13) is further arranged in the heat storage device (9) and is connected with a flue gas supply and return pipeline of the utility boiler to extract high-temperature flue gas of the utility boiler to heat the heat storage medium.
5. The peak-shaving frequency modulation system for thermal power plant heat accumulation and power generation as claimed in claim 1, wherein a high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14) is further arranged in the heat accumulation device (9) and connected with a high-temperature steam pipeline, and the high-temperature steam is from any one of main steam, reheat steam or extraction steam of a large steam turbine of a power plant boiler.
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensible heat storage material of the heat storage medium comprises any one of concrete, solid magnesia brick, solid heat-resistant sand and high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting oil.
7. The peak-shaving frequency modulation system for thermal power plant thermal storage power generation according to claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material of the thermal storage medium comprises any one of high-temperature molten salt, mixed salt, metal, alloy and the like, and the formula of the high-temperature molten salt comprises any one or combination of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal halide, silicate, carbonate, nitrate and phosphate.
8. The thermal power plant thermal storage power generation peak shaving frequency modulation system according to claim 1, wherein the thermal chemical thermal storage material of the thermal storage medium is a metal hydride or an amide.
9. The peak-shaving frequency-modulation system for thermal power plant heat storage and power generation according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage device (9) is a single-stage, two-stage, three-stage or multi-stage heat storage; the temperature in the single-stage heat storage device is more than 300 ℃.
10. The peak-shaving frequency modulation system for heat storage and power generation of a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 9, wherein the heat storage device (9) is a two-stage heat storage, one stage is a high-temperature heat storage unit, and the temperature range of the heat storage medium is 500-1200 ℃; the second stage is a low-temperature heat storage unit, and the temperature range of the heat storage medium is 300-500 ℃.
11. A method for operating a thermal power plant peak and frequency modulation system according to any one of claims 1-10, comprising the steps of:
s1, according to the situation of the site in the thermal power plant, designing and selecting the optimal heat storage medium of the heat storage device (9), and designing the number of heat storage stages and the temperature range of the heat storage medium of each stage of heat storage device;
s2, selecting a corresponding heat storage heat source according to the heat storage medium temperature of each stage of heat storage device (9), and adopting a peak-and-frequency-modulation electric heater (10) driven by peak-and-frequency-modulation electric power as the heat storage heat source, or utilizing high-temperature flue gas, main steam, reheated steam or extracted steam of a boiler as the heat storage heat source;
s41, according to the current operation state of the thermal power plant, if the surplus peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric power can drive the peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater (10), skipping to execute the step S42; if the boiler allows to extract high-temperature flue gas for heating the heat storage medium, skipping to execute the step S43; if the thermal power plant has surplus main steam, reheat steam or extracted steam for heating the heat storage medium, skipping to execute the step S44;
s42, supplying power to a peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric heater (10) of a heat storage device (9) by utilizing surplus peak-shaving frequency-modulation electric power, and enabling a heat storage medium to reach the heat storage temperature of the heat storage medium in an electric heating mode;
s43, opening a heating flue gas inlet valve and an outlet valve of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (13), and discharging the high-temperature flue gas guided from the boiler into the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (13) to return to a flue of the power station boiler from the outlet valve after the high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature flue gas heat exchanger (13) to release heat; the heat storage medium in the heat storage device (9) absorbs the heat of the high-temperature flue gas and then reaches the heat storage temperature;
s44, opening a heating steam inlet valve and an outlet valve of the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14), and discharging the high-temperature steam which is introduced from main steam, reheat steam or steam extraction of the large steam turbine (2) of the thermal power plant from the outlet valve to a thermal power plant thermodynamic system after the high-temperature steam enters the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14) to release heat; the heat storage medium in the heat storage device (9) absorbs the heat of the high-temperature steam and reaches the heat storage temperature;
s5, steam generated by heating the heat storage device (9) enters a large steam turbine or a small heat storage steam turbine (11) of the thermal power plant to drive a generator to increase the generated energy, so that the peak-pushing capacity of the thermal power plant at the peak stage of the power demand is increased, and the usage amount of the boiler coal is reduced.
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