CN113385153A - 一种石墨烯离子交换纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石墨烯离子交换纤维及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨烯离子交换纤维及其制备方法,是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维;该方法包含:步骤1,按比例称取各原料;步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体;步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。本发明还提供了通过该方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。本发明制备的制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维比普通纤维具有更高的吸附性能,提高了离子交换性能,同时石墨烯本身的吸附油脂、离子、色素的性能,可以大大提高离子交换纤维的污水处理吸附性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合离子交换纤维及其制备方法,具体地,涉及一种石墨烯离子交换纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
早期的离子交换纤维是以纤维素为基体制备的,也称离子交换纤维素,其产品主要是粉状物。五十年代,随着化学纤维的发展,开始出现以化纤为基体制备的离子交换纤维。70—80年代,是离子交换纤维发展较快的时期,各国发表的论文、专利逐渐增多,其中,俄罗斯、自俄罗斯、日本的技术较为成熟,并有商品出售,应用于劳保、环保、水处理等方面.迄今,用做离子交换纤维的化纤基体主要有聚烯烃、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯一丙烯腈共聚物等纤维,也有用天然纤维或其它化纤为基体的。
离子交换纤维技术2004年9月上旬在北京理工大学获得突破,填补了此领域内的国内空白。目前有课题组已掌握了这一项目的核心技术,获得两项中国发明专利,另外申报的两项发明专利已经被国家知识产权局受理。
离子交换纤维跟电解质溶液接触时,纤维上的离子能跟溶液里的离子作有选择性的交换。它分阳离子交换纤维、阴离子交换纤维和两性离子交换纤维。此外,离子交换纤维还有一定的强度、耐化学腐蚀等性能。它多用于钢铁、化工、轻工业生产过程中对废酸、废碱、废液和废气的回收、净化处理。它广泛用于海水淡化、工业用软水的制备、无离子纯水的生产以及制盐工业。离子交换纤维,可用于吸附重金属及色素且比表面大、离子交换速度快,易再生,对难处理的活性染料废水有很好的脱色效果。
氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide)是石墨烯的氧化物,一般用GO表示,其颜色为棕黄色,市面上常见的产品有粉末状、片状以及溶液状的。因经氧化后,其上含氧官能团增多而使性质较石墨烯更加活泼,可经由各种与含氧官能团的反应而改善本身性质。
氧化石墨烯薄片是石墨粉末经化学氧化及剥离后的产物,氧化石墨烯是单一的原子层,可以随时在横向尺寸上扩展到数十微米。因此,其结构跨越了一般化学和材料科学的典型尺度。氧化石墨烯可视为一种非传统型态的软性材料,具有聚合物、胶体、薄膜,以及两性分子的特性。氧化石墨烯长久以来被视为亲水性物质,因为其在水中具有优越的分散性,但是,相关实验结果显示,氧化石墨烯实际上具有两亲性,从石墨烯薄片边缘到中央呈现亲水至疏水的性质分布。因此,氧化石墨烯可如同界面活性剂一般存在界面,并降低界面间的能量。其亲水性被广泛认知。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种复合离子交换纤维及其制备方法,制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维比普通纤维具有更高的吸附性能,提高了离子交换性能,同时石墨烯本身的吸附油脂、离子、色素的性能,可以大大提高离子交换纤维的污水处理吸附性能。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的方法是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维;该方法包含:步骤1,按比例称取各原料;步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体;步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
上述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的步骤1中,各原料按重量份数计包含:纤维载体30-50份,石墨烯功能体15-25份,引发剂1-5份,溶剂11-20份,催化剂2-3份。
上述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的溶剂由水和聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素的混合物组成。
上述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的引发剂为亚硫酸钠、硫酸铵、硫化钾中的任意一种或多种。
上述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的催化剂为硫化钠、硫化铁、氮气、五氧化二钒中的任意一种或多种。
上述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的纤维载体为聚烯烃、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物中的任意一种或多种混合纤维。
上述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的石墨烯功能体为氧化石墨烯,采用化学法剥离制备;石墨烯功能体的表面具有羟基和羧基基团,氧化度为30-50%。
上述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的步骤2中,纤维载体和石墨烯功能体在pH值为4-6、温度为85-89℃的条件下,共浴2-2.5h完成接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
上述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其中,所述的步骤3中,石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,使缩醛度达47%-50%。
本发明还提供了通过上述的方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。
本发明提供的石墨烯离子交换纤维及其制备方法具有以下优点:
本发明以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维,工艺为先将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,然后将聚纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,再进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
本发明制备的石墨烯结合的离子交换纤维,比普通纤维具有更高的吸附性能,提高离子交换性能,同时石墨烯本身的吸附油脂、离子、色素的性能,可以大大提高离子交换纤维的污水处理吸附性能。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步地说明。
本发明提供的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,该方法是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维。
该方法的工艺过程包含:
步骤1,按比例称取各原料;步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体;步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
优选地,步骤1中各原料按重量份数计包含:纤维载体30-50份,石墨烯功能体15-25份,引发剂1-5份,溶剂11-20份,催化剂2-3份。
溶剂由水和聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素(CMC)的混合物组成。
引发剂为亚硫酸钠、硫酸铵、硫化钾等中的任意一种或多种。
催化剂为硫化钠、硫化铁、氮气、五氧化二钒等中的任意一种或多种。
纤维载体为聚烯烃、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物等中的任意一种或多种混合纤维。
石墨烯功能体为氧化石墨烯,采用化学法剥离制备;石墨烯功能体的表面具有羟基和羧基基团,氧化度为30-50%。
步骤2中,纤维载体和石墨烯功能体在pH值为4-6、温度为85-89℃的条件下,共浴2-2.5h完成接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
步骤3中,石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,使缩醛度达47%-50%。
本发明还提供了通过该方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的石墨烯离子交换纤维及其制备方法做更进一步描述。
实施例1
一种石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,该方法是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维。
该方法的工艺过程为:
步骤1,按比例称取各原料。
优选地,各原料按重量份数计包含:纤维载体30份,石墨烯功能体15份,引发剂1份,溶剂11份,催化剂2份。
溶剂由水和聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素的混合物组成。
引发剂为亚硫酸钠。催化剂为硫化钠。纤维载体为聚烯烃纤维。
石墨烯功能体为氧化石墨烯,采用化学法剥离制备;石墨烯功能体的表面具有羟基和羧基基团,氧化度为30-50%。
步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
优选地,纤维载体和石墨烯功能体在pH值为4-6、温度为85-89℃的条件下,共浴2-2.5h完成接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,使缩醛度达47%-50%。
本实施例还提供了通过该方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。
实施例2
一种石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,该方法是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维。
该方法的工艺过程为:
步骤1,按比例称取各原料。
优选地,各原料按重量份数计包含:纤维载体35份,石墨烯功能体18份,引发剂2份,溶剂12份,催化剂2份。
溶剂由水和聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素的混合物组成。
引发剂为硫酸铵。催化剂为硫化铁。纤维载体为聚丙烯腈纤维。
石墨烯功能体为氧化石墨烯,采用化学法剥离制备;石墨烯功能体的表面具有羟基和羧基基团,氧化度为30-50%。
步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
优选地,纤维载体和石墨烯功能体在pH值为4-6、温度为85-89℃的条件下,共浴2-2.5h完成接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,使缩醛度达47%-50%。
本实施例还提供了通过该方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。
实施例3
一种石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,该方法是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维。
该方法的工艺过程为:
步骤1,按比例称取各原料。
优选地,各原料按重量份数计包含:纤维载体40份,石墨烯功能体20份,引发剂3份,溶剂15份,催化剂2.5份。
溶剂由水和聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素的混合物组成。
引发剂为硫化钾。催化剂为氮气。纤维载体为聚乙烯醇纤维。
石墨烯功能体为氧化石墨烯,采用化学法剥离制备;石墨烯功能体的表面具有羟基和羧基基团,氧化度为30-50%。
步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
优选地,纤维载体和石墨烯功能体在pH值为4-6、温度为85-89℃的条件下,共浴2-2.5h完成接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,使缩醛度达47%-50%。
本实施例还提供了通过该方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。
实施例4
一种石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,该方法是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维。
该方法的工艺过程为:
步骤1,按比例称取各原料。
优选地,各原料按重量份数计包含:纤维载体45份,石墨烯功能体22份,引发剂4份,溶剂18份,催化剂3份。
溶剂由水和聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素的混合物组成。
引发剂为亚硫酸钠、硫酸铵、硫化钾等中的任意一种。
催化剂为五氧化二钒。
纤维载体为聚氯乙烯或氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物纤维。
石墨烯功能体为氧化石墨烯,采用化学法剥离制备;石墨烯功能体的表面具有羟基和羧基基团,氧化度为30-50%。
步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
优选地,纤维载体和石墨烯功能体在pH值为4-6、温度为85-89℃的条件下,共浴2-2.5h完成接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,使缩醛度达47%-50%。
本实施例还提供了通过该方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。
实施例5
一种石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,该方法是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维。
该方法的工艺过程为:
步骤1,按比例称取各原料。
优选地,各原料按重量份数计包含:纤维载体50份,石墨烯功能体25份,引发剂5份,溶剂20份,催化剂3份。
溶剂由水和聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素的混合物组成。
引发剂为亚硫酸钠、硫酸铵、硫化钾等中的任意多种。
催化剂为硫化钠、硫化铁、氮气、五氧化二钒等中的任意多种。
纤维载体为聚烯烃、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物等中的任意多种混合纤维。
石墨烯功能体为氧化石墨烯,采用化学法剥离制备;石墨烯功能体的表面具有羟基和羧基基团,氧化度为30-50%。
步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
优选地,纤维载体和石墨烯功能体在pH值为4-6、温度为85-89℃的条件下,共浴2-2.5h完成接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,使缩醛度达47%-50%。
本实施例还提供了通过该方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。
现有离子交换纤维只能按照正负电极吸附,吸附对等离子交换的物质,本发明的石墨烯离子交换纤维可以吸附多种带电离子的物质,同时对不带电离子的吸附,如油脂、色素等物质同样具有吸附效果,吸附性能大大提高。吸附性能提高6倍。
本发明提供的石墨烯离子交换纤维及其制备方法,旨在利用石墨烯的离子交换性能,与纤维结合,开发出一种高离子交换纤维,具有高吸附性,对油污、素色、金属离子等具有高吸附交换性能,性价比高,性能优良,可以应用到污水处理中。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的方法是以纤维载体为基体制备交换纤维;该方法包含:
步骤1,按比例称取各原料;
步骤2,将纤维载体与石墨烯进行接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体;
步骤3,将石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,用引发剂在溶剂下使纤维大分子交联,并进一步与催化剂反应,制得石墨烯离子交换纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1中,各原料按重量份数计包含:纤维载体30-50份,石墨烯功能体15-25份,引发剂1-5份,溶剂11-20份,催化剂2-3份。
3.如权利要求2所述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂由水和聚乙烯醇/羧甲基纤维素的混合物组成。
4.如权利要求2所述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的引发剂为亚硫酸钠、硫酸铵、硫化钾中的任意一种或多种。
5.如权利要求2所述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为硫化钠、硫化铁、氮气、五氧化二钒中的任意一种或多种。
6.如权利要求2所述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的纤维载体为聚烯烃、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物中的任意一种或多种混合纤维。
7.如权利要求2所述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的石墨烯功能体为氧化石墨烯,采用化学法剥离制备;石墨烯功能体的表面具有羟基和羧基基团,氧化度为30-50%。
8.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2中,纤维载体和石墨烯功能体在pH值为4-6、温度为85-89℃的条件下,共浴2-2.5h完成接枝反应,得到石墨烯纤维载体。
9.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯离子交换纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤3中,石墨烯纤维载体进行氯代乙缩醛反应,使缩醛度达47%-50%。
10.一种通过如权利要求1~9中任意一项所述的方法制备的石墨烯离子交换纤维。
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