CN113373341A - 碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺 - Google Patents

碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺 Download PDF

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CN113373341A
CN113373341A CN202110677369.6A CN202110677369A CN113373341A CN 113373341 A CN113373341 A CN 113373341A CN 202110677369 A CN202110677369 A CN 202110677369A CN 113373341 A CN113373341 A CN 113373341A
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薛平
王金娥
董明
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Suzhou First Element Nano Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺，属于材料加工技术领域。该碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺，包括以下步骤：S1，超高真空状态下，采用蒸发或低压冷态溅射工艺在碳纳米管表面均匀沉积纳米合金A保护层，形成带有纳米合金A保护层的碳纳米管CNT/A；S2，将CNT/A加入到铝基体中，铝基体为粉体、半熔融体或熔融体形态，之后在半熔融或熔融状态下搅拌糅合均匀成混合体；S3，将混合体制成坯件后锻造或轧制，或直接浇筑铸造，得到碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具。本发明能够实现碳纳米管与铝基体的有效结合，得到增强的铝制电力金具。

Description

碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种材料加工领域的技术，具体是一种碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺。
背景技术
铝制电力金具在电力行业中广泛应用，但是铝制电力金具强度较低，为满足使用要求需增加尺寸，导致其重量、体积变大，制造成本随之增加。
目前已有利用碳纳米管对铝进行增强的研究，使得其在轻质、抗拉强度、延伸率等性能上有了一些提升。但由于碳纳米管在铝基体中分散不均匀，导致增强效果不如预期。中国发明专利CN107881374B、中国发明专利申请CN202010980169.3都是将碳纳米管直接加入铝合金熔体中，随后搅拌，再用结晶器浇铸得到纳米碳铝合金材料。其存在问题包括：1、碳纳米管与铝合金熔体密度差较大，碳纳米管漂浮于铝合金熔体表面，无法在铝合金内均匀分散；2、碳纳米管与铝合金直接接触，高温下生成碳化铝，碳化铝在室外湿热环境中会与水反应生产氢氧化铝，对铝合金强度产生灾难性破坏。
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明由此而来。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足，提出了一种碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺，能够实现碳纳米管与铝基体的有效结合，得到增强的铝制电力金具。
本发明包括以下步骤：
S1，超高真空状态下，采用蒸发或低压冷态溅射工艺在碳纳米管表面均匀沉积纳米合金A保护层，形成带有纳米合金A保护层的碳纳米管CNT/A；
S2，将CNT/A加入到铝基体中，铝基体为粉体、半熔融体或熔融体形态，之后在半熔融或熔融状态下边加热边搅拌糅合均匀成混合体；
S3，将混合体制成坯件后锻造或轧制，或直接浇筑混合体进行铸造，得到碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具。
碳纳米管为单壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管中至少一种；碳纳米管纯度大于99％，直径为10～200nm，长度为5～20μm。
纳米合金A包括钯、金、银、钪、钛、钒、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锡、铬、硅、磷中至少一种元素，纯度大于99％。
铝基体的纯度大于99％。
步骤S1中，超高真空状态的真空度为0.1～10Pa。
步骤S1中，蒸发温度为400～1500℃。
步骤S1中，低压冷态溅射参数：压力20～40mbar，温度20～200℃。
纳米合金A保护层的厚度为10～1000nm。
步骤S2中，按重量比，CNT：A：Al＝0.1～5.0:0.1～5.0:90.0～99.8。
步骤S2在惰性气体气氛或真空环境中操作，半熔融或熔融的温度为400～1000℃。
技术效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下技术效果：
1)在碳纳米管CNT表面气相沉积得到的纳米合金A保护层中，纳米合金A晶粒活性高，与铝基体制成混合体时，首先与铝化合，形成纳米尺度的过渡层，避免了铝晶界对碳纳米管的排斥与腐蚀，实现了铝与碳纳米管的有效结合；而且纳米合金A保护层增加了碳纳米管的密度、减小了碳纳米管与铝的密度差，避免了碳纳米管漂浮于铝表面，便于CNT/A均匀地分散在混合体中；
2)对所需原材料采用机械融合的方法，边加热边对CNT/A与铝进行加压搅拌糅合，实现了CNT/A与铝的均匀混合，增强效果显著，从而提高电力金具的整体性能；
3)工艺简单、易操作、高效、环保，适合进行产业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中CNT/A的SEM照片；
图2为本发明实施例1中坯件的SEM照片；
图3为本发明实施例1中坯件的EDS成分分析。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明进行详细描述。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，按照常规方法和条件进行。
实施例1
本实施例的制造过程如下：
S1，将100克碳纳米管(苏州第一元素，CNTp)与156克混合金属粉末(铜：镁：硅：铁：铬：锰＝1.5：1.0：0.7：0.6：0.3：0.1)真空球磨1小时，将全部粉体置于放电等离子体烧结炉(SPS-HPD2)石墨腔体内，抽真空至1Pa，直流脉冲电压10V、电流10kA至温度1350℃、保温30秒，制得CNT/A；图1为CNT/A的高分辨扫描电镜照片，可以看出纳米合金A保护层厚度约100nm，均匀包覆在碳纳米管表面。
S2，在氩气气氛保护下，将步骤S1制得的CNT/A全部加入到3750克纯铝液(熔融状态，温度约700℃)中，同时施加压力搅拌糅合约2h，至混合均匀，得到混合体；
S3，将混合体浇筑或挤压成坯，图2为坯件断面的高分辨扫描电镜照片，可以看出碳纳米管均匀分散在铝基体内；图3为坯件断面EDS成分分析，可以看出混合金属粉末中各金属成分均匀分散在铝基体内；在1000t卧式挤压机上将坯料热挤压成棒材，挤压温度为460℃，挤压速率2mm/s，挤压比为18:1，挤压棒材直径为Φ15mm；将挤压棒材在500℃下固溶处理4h，然后淬入室温水中，随后于200℃保温10h并空冷；最后进行表面抛光处理得到电力金具。
经检测该电力金具的性能参数如下：抗拉强度400MPa，维氏硬度80，密度2.6997g/cm3。
需要强调的是：以上仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1，超高真空状态下，采用蒸发或低压冷态溅射工艺在碳纳米管表面均匀沉积纳米合金A保护层，形成带有纳米合金A保护层的碳纳米管CNT/A；
S2，将CNT/A加入到铝基体中，铝基体为粉体、半熔融体或熔融体形态，之后在半熔融或熔融状态下边加热边搅拌糅合均匀成混合体；
S3，将混合体制成坯件后锻造或轧制，或直接浇筑铸造，得到碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具。
2.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，碳纳米管为单壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管中至少一种；碳纳米管纯度大于99％，直径为10～200nm，长度为5～20μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，纳米合金A包括钯、金、银、钪、钛、钒、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、锡、铬、硅、磷中至少一种元素，纯度大于99％。
4.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，铝基体的纯度大于99％。
5.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，步骤S1中，超高真空状态的真空度为0.1～10Pa。
6.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，步骤S1中，蒸发温度为400～1500℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，步骤S1中，低压冷态溅射参数：压力20～40mbar，温度20～200℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，纳米合金A保护层的厚度为10～1000nm。
9.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，步骤S2中，按重量比，CNT：A：Al＝0.1～5.0:0.1～5.0:90.0～99.8。
10.根据权利要求1所述制造工艺，其特征是，步骤S2在惰性气体气氛或真空环境中操作，半熔融或熔融的温度为400～1000℃。
CN202110677369.6A 2021-06-18 2021-06-18 碳纳米管增强铝制电力金具的制造工艺 Withdrawn CN113373341A (zh)

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CN115216712A (zh) * 2022-06-27 2022-10-21 国网山东省电力公司汶上县供电公司 一种含高强度耐拉伸合金材料的电力金具
CN115747591A (zh) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-07 凤阳爱尔思轻合金精密成型有限公司 一种高韧性铝合金材料及其制备工艺

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CN106350695A (zh) * 2016-09-09 2017-01-25 南昌大学 一种单质铜包覆多壁碳纳米管/铝基复合材料半固态坯料的制备方法
CN106544537A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2017-03-29 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 一种碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的制备方法
CN110643846A (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-01-03 苏州第一元素纳米技术有限公司 碳纳米管增强镁合金制备方法
CN110777331A (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-02-11 苏州第一元素纳米技术有限公司 金属包覆碳纳米管的制备方法

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CN115216712A (zh) * 2022-06-27 2022-10-21 国网山东省电力公司汶上县供电公司 一种含高强度耐拉伸合金材料的电力金具
CN115747591A (zh) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-07 凤阳爱尔思轻合金精密成型有限公司 一种高韧性铝合金材料及其制备工艺
CN115747591B (zh) * 2022-11-28 2024-02-13 凤阳爱尔思轻合金精密成型有限公司 一种高韧性铝合金材料及其制备工艺

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