CN113372459A - 一种木蝴蝶多糖、其制备方法及用途 - Google Patents
一种木蝴蝶多糖、其制备方法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113372459A CN113372459A CN202110495665.4A CN202110495665A CN113372459A CN 113372459 A CN113372459 A CN 113372459A CN 202110495665 A CN202110495665 A CN 202110495665A CN 113372459 A CN113372459 A CN 113372459A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种木蝴蝶多糖、其制备方法及用途。具体地,本发明提供一种木蝴蝶多糖提取物的制备方法,所述方法包括对木蝴蝶种子进行水提醇沉后得到木蝴蝶粗多糖,再经过阴离子交换柱纯化后得到木蝴蝶次级粗多糖,进一步地,经过凝胶色谱柱分离纯化,得到一种如下式所示的木蝴蝶均一多糖。经过药理实验研究发现所述木蝴蝶粗多糖、次级粗多糖以及木蝴蝶均一多糖具有抗新型冠状病毒及抑制冠状病毒关键蛋白酶3CLpro蛋白水解酶和PLpro蛋白水解酶的活性,可被开发成为抗新型冠状病毒的多糖类药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一种木蝴蝶多糖、其制备方法及用 途。
背景技术
关于新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2),尽管目前有可用于预防其感染的临 床有效疫苗,但由于疫苗研发周期短,临床试验数据不充分,造成的不良反 应事件时有发生。因此,用于预防和/或治疗新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2) 的特定药物的研发十分必要。
冠状病毒基因组编码四种主要结构蛋白,刺突蛋白(Spike protein,S) 是其中一种跨膜蛋白,位于包膜上,分为S1和S2两个结构域。S蛋白高度 糖基化,约有21-70个可能的糖基化位点,这些糖链可以和宿主细胞上识别 糖链的受体蛋白结合,实现病毒的黏附和侵袭。冠状病毒S蛋白的受体结合 域既可以和唾液酸结合也可以和血管紧张素ACE2结合。唾液酸作为糖链的 一种,其结构相似的糖类物质(多糖类或寡糖类)将与病毒S蛋白竞争性结合宿主细胞膜上的唾液酸,从而部分阻断病毒与宿主细胞的结合。另一方面, 糖基化的S1蛋白亦可以与其结构相似的多糖或寡糖竞争与宿主受体蛋白质 血管紧张素ACE2结合,从而完全阻断病毒与宿主细胞的结合。因此外源性 提供与病毒糖链结构上类似的化合物理论上至少可以阻滞病毒的黏附和侵 袭。
在病毒侵袭宿主后,需利用宿主细胞相应糖基转移酶(如葡萄糖苷酶等) 完成其蛋白质糖基化,才能实现病毒的完整组装和释放。在这个过程中,3C 样蛋白酶(3CLpro)、木瓜蛋白酶样蛋白酶(PLpro)是病毒RNA水解关键 蛋白酶,其基因高度保守,且在人体中没有同源蛋白,是药物设计的理想靶 标。综上所述,来源于中草药中丰富的多糖类化合物可以是抗新型冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV-2)的候选先导化合物。
据中国药典记载,中药木蝴蝶(Oroxyli Semen)是紫葳科植物木蝴蝶 (Oroxylumindicum(L.)Vent.)的干燥成熟种子,主产于云南、广西等地, 具有清肺利咽,疏肝和胃之功效。多用于肺热咳嗽,喉痹,音哑,肝胃气痈 等。木蝴蝶中含有黄酮及其苷类、挥发油和脂肪酸类等化学成分,但目前尚 无以木蝴蝶为原料提取多糖,并用于抗新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的报道。
发明内容
本发明的技术目的是提供一种木蝴蝶多糖提取物及木蝴蝶均一多糖,其 具有抗新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)及抑制冠状病毒关键蛋白酶3CLpro蛋 白水解酶和PLpro蛋白水解酶的活性。
一方面,本发明提供一种木蝴蝶均一多糖,其结构式如下:
其中,a+b=4,c+d=3,a、b、c和d均为大于0的整数;n为1~5 的整数,优选地,n为2或3。
在具体实施方式中,所述木蝴蝶均一多糖的重均分子量为6.6~28.1 kDa,优选为17.3kDa。
所述木蝴蝶均一多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸 组成,其中,鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸的比例为1:1.3: 1:1:4.3。
所述木蝴蝶均一多糖的13CNMR谱的主要信号值与图2所示的13CNMR 谱基本一致,优选地,在所述木蝴蝶均一多糖的13CNMR中,位于δ110-108 ppm处的端基碳信号,分别为1,3,5-阿拉伯糖,1,5-阿拉伯糖,和末端阿拉伯 糖的C1信号;位于δ106-104ppm的端基碳信号分别为1,4,6-半乳糖、1,4- 半乳糖、末端-半乳糖、1,4-木糖和末端木糖的C1信号;位于δ100-99ppm 的端基碳信号分别为1,2,4-鼠李糖、1,3,4-半乳糖醛酸和1,4-半乳糖醛酸的异头碳信号;在δ175ppm处为半乳糖醛酸的羧基碳信号,在δ17.81ppm处为 鼠李糖的甲基碳信号。
另一方面,本发明提供一种木蝴蝶多糖提取物的制备方法,其包括如下 步骤:
a.多糖的提取:木蝴蝶干燥种子经沸水提取,得到提取液,提取液浓缩 后加入乙醇进行沉淀,收集沉淀得木蝴蝶粗多糖;
b.多糖的纯化:所述木糖粗多糖经DEAE SepharoseTM Fast Flow阴离子 交换柱分离,收集0.2M NaCl洗脱液的洗脱组分,得到木蝴蝶次级粗多糖, 该次级粗多糖再经过Sephacryl S300 HR凝胶柱进一步纯化,得到上文所述的 木蝴蝶均一多糖。
在具体实施方式中,所述步骤a包括:在进行沸水提取前,加入去离子 水室温(25℃±3℃)浸泡过夜,经两次沸水提取后,合并提取液进行浓缩, 浓缩液经透析去除小分子物质后,加入95%乙醇沉淀,取沉淀挥干或烘干乙 醇,复溶于去离子水中,冷冻干燥,得所述木蝴蝶粗多糖。
在具体实施方式中,所述步骤b包括:
阴离子交换柱分离时依次使用去离子水、0.1M、0.2M的NaCl溶液进 行梯度洗脱,收集0.2M NaCl洗脱液的洗脱组分,为木蝴蝶次级粗多糖;以 及在用Sephacryl S300 HR凝胶柱进一步纯化时,使用0.2M NaCl洗脱液进 行洗脱,收集得到的洗脱组分即为所述木蝴蝶均一多糖。
再一方面,本发明提供一种木蝴蝶粗多糖提取物,其为由上述方法制备 得到的木蝴蝶粗多糖或为由上述方法制备得到的木蝴蝶次级粗多糖。
再一方面,本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其包含上述木蝴蝶粗多糖 提取物和/或木蝴蝶均一多糖,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
再一方面,本发明还提供了上述木蝴蝶粗多糖提取物、上述木蝴蝶均一 多糖,或上述药物组合物在制备用于治疗或预防新型冠状病毒感染的药物或 保健品中的用途。
有益效果
本发明首次从木蝴蝶种子中提取得到一种木糖粗多糖提取物及均一多 糖,进一步地,本发明对所述均一多糖的结构进行了表征并测定其分子量。
经实验验证,所述木糖粗多糖及均一多糖在体外具有抗新型冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV-2)的活性,以及抑制冠状病毒关键蛋白酶3CLpro蛋白水解酶 和PLpro蛋白水解酶的活性,并且所述木蝴蝶次级粗多糖可以抑制病毒S蛋 白与宿主细胞ACE2受体结合。
附图说明
图1为制备实施例1中得到的木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3的高效液相色 谱图。
图2为制备实施例1中得到的木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3的特征13CNMR 图谱。
图3为制备实施例1中得到的木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3的特征HMBC 图谱。
图4为制备实施例1中得到的木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3经TFA水解两 次得到的OIW0.2S3In的特征HMBC图谱。
图5示出测试实施例2中木蝴蝶粗多糖OIW对活体SARS-CoV-2病毒的 抑制作用。
图6示出测试实施例2中木蝴蝶粗多糖OIW对病毒关键蛋白酶3CLpro 和PLpro活性的抑制作用,其中A:粗多糖在100μg/mL、10μg/mL、1μg/mL 浓度下对3CLpro的抑制率,B:粗多糖在不同浓度(logC)下对3CLpro蛋 白水解酶的抑制率,C:粗多糖在100μg/mL、10μg/mL、1μg/mL浓度下对 PLpro蛋白水解酶的抑制率。
图7示出测试实施例2中木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3对病毒关键蛋白酶 3Clpro(A)和PLpro(B)活性的抑制作用。
图8示出测试实施例2中木蝴蝶次级粗多糖OIW0.2对病毒S蛋白与 ACE2蛋白结合的抑制作用。
图9示出测试实施例2中木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3与病毒关键蛋白酶 3CLpro的靶向性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施实例对本发明作进一步的阐述,以下实施方式只以举例的 方式描述本发明。很明显,本领域普通技术人员可在本发明的范围和实质内, 对本发明进行变通和修改。
制备实施例:木蝴蝶粗多糖、次级粗多糖及均一多糖的制备
(1)多糖的提取分离
取干燥的药材木蝴蝶干燥种子1kg,加入15L左右的去离子水,室温浸 泡过夜(12小时)。次日沸水提取,微沸腾后,继续煎煮2小时。过滤,残 渣重新加水,微沸腾后,继续煎煮2小时。再次过滤,将两次的提取液合并, 常压加热浓缩至4L左右。浓缩液用玻璃纸包扎,流水透析以除去小分子。2 天后收集袋内溶液,加热浓缩至2L左右。透析后的浓缩液8000rpm离心20 min,弃去沉淀,在上清液中加入三倍体积的95%乙醇,静置后沉淀过夜。次日小心弃去上清液,8000rpm离心20min。取沉淀挥干或烘干乙醇,复溶 于去离子水中,冷冻干燥,得水提木蝴蝶粗多糖,命名为OIW(得率4.13%)。
(2)多糖的纯化
每次称取8g左右水提木蝴蝶粗多糖OIW溶于100-120mL去离子水中, 4000rpm离心10min除去不溶物。取上清缓缓上样于DEAE SepharoseTM Fast Flow阴离子交换柱(50cm×5cm),依次用去离子水和不同离子强度的 NaCl溶液(0.05M,0.1M,0.2M)洗脱。采用收集器自动收集洗脱液,流 速设置为12mL/15min,每管取100μL用苯酚硫酸法在490nm下检测吸光度,以吸光度和洗脱体积绘制洗脱曲线。根据洗脱曲线合并相同流分,旋转 蒸发仪减压浓缩。浓缩到一定体积后,用截留量为3500Da的透析袋在去离 子水中透析,除去多余盐分,冷冻干燥,得到0.2M NaCl洗脱液的次级粗多 糖组分,命名为OIW0.2(230mg)。
每次称取100mg次级粗多糖OIW0.2溶解于5mL去离子水中,在4 000 rpm离心10min除去不溶物。取上清缓缓上样于Sephacryl S300 HR柱(100 cm×2.5cm),洗脱液为0.2MNaCl溶液。用收集器自动收集洗脱液,流速 设置为5mL/15min,每管取100μL用苯酚硫酸法在490nm下检测吸光度, 以吸光度和洗脱体积绘制洗脱曲线。根据洗脱曲线合并相同流分,旋转蒸发 仪减压浓缩。浓缩到一定体积后,用截留量为3500Da的透析袋在去离子水 中透析,除去多余盐分,冷冻干燥,得到均一多糖,命名为OIW0.2S3(20mg)。
测试实施例1:均一多糖的分子量测定及结构鉴定
①多糖OIW0.2S3在串联Waters UltrahydrogelTM 500(排阻极限1×104~4 ×105Da,7.8mm×300mm)和UltrahydrogelTM 2000(排阻极限5×104~10 ×106Da,7.8mm×300mm)两根凝胶柱上进行分析;其色谱条件为:流动 相:0.1M NaNO3,流速:0.5mL/min,柱温:35℃,进样量:20μL,检测 器:示差检测器和紫外检测器(280nm),控制系统:AgilentChemstation, 配置有GPC数据处理软件。样品的重均分子量根据多糖标准曲线来计算:取已知分子量的Pullulan系列(PL2090-0101)标准品(Mw 180、667、6000、 11,300、21,700、48,800、113,000、210,000、393,000和805,000)分别溶于 流动相,配置成浓度为2mg/mL溶液,离心,取上清液,自动进样分析。由 GPC专用软件绘制标准曲线,计算木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3的重量平均相 对分子质量分布,结果如图1所示,木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3的重均分子 量为6.6~28.1kDa,优选为17.3kDa。
②将所述多糖OIW0.2S3完全酸水解、还原、乙酰化、萃取、浓缩后在 气相-质谱仪(GC-MS)上测定单糖组成。单糖组成结果显示,木蝴蝶均一多 糖OIW0.2S3由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸组成,鼠李 糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸的比例为1:1.3:1:1:4.3。
③多糖的部分酸水解
取100mg OIW0.2S3溶解于10mL的0.05M三氟乙酸中,密封后在 100℃水解1小时。反应结束后加入适量甲醇蒸干,重复3-4次至无明显酸 味。在截留分子量为3500kDa的透析袋中用去离子水透析2天,收集透析内 液,冷冻干燥,得到部分酸水解一次的样品。对水解一次后的样品再次重复 上述同样酸水解过程,得到0.05M TFA水解两次的样品OIW0.2S3In。
④NMR分析
称取均一多糖样品约30-50mg,充分溶解于适量重水(D2O)中。于4000 rpm离心10min,取上清液,冻干。重复上述操作2-3次,将活泼氢H充分 置换成D。最后一次冻干后,样品溶于500μL D2O中,加入2μL丙酮作为 内标(δH=2.29ppm,δC=31.5ppm)。在Bruker AM-500核磁共振仪(配置 低温探头)上进行一维谱图13CNMR以及二维谱图HMBC的测定。结果分别如图2-4所示。根据图2的13CNMR对均一多糖OIW0.2S3的异头碳进行 归属,根据图3和图4的HMBC(异核多碳相关谱)对OIW0.2S3的结构进 行确证。
在木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3的13CNMR中(图2),位于δ110-108ppm 处的端基碳信号,分别为1,3,5-阿拉伯糖,1,5-阿拉伯糖,和末端阿拉伯糖的 C1信号;位于δ106-104ppm的端基碳信号分别为1,4,6-半乳糖、1,4-半乳 糖、末端-半乳糖、1,4-木糖和末端木糖的C1信号;位于δ100-99ppm的端 基碳信号分别为1,2,4-鼠李糖、1,3,4-半乳糖醛酸和1,4-半乳糖醛酸的异头碳 信号;在δ175ppm处为半乳糖醛酸的羧基碳信号,在δ17.81ppm处为鼠李糖的甲基碳信号。
在OIW0.2S3的HMΒC图谱中(图3),相关峰a(δ4.49/δ99.68)代表 1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-4和1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的C-1相关联;相关峰b(δ83.56/δ 5.32)代表1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-4和1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的H-1相关联;相关峰 c(δ4.19/δ98.69)代表1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的H-2和1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-1相关 联;相关峰d(δ74.01/δ5.07)代表1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的C-2和1,4-α-半乳糖醛 酸的H-1相关联;相关峰e(δ4.50/δ99.04)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-4 和1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-1相关联;相关峰f(δ82.47/δ5.11)代表1,3,4-α- 半乳糖醛酸的C-4和1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-1相关联;相关峰g(δ82.47/δ 5.07)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-4和1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-1相关联;相 关峰h(δ4.50/δ98.69)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-4和1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸 的C-1相关联;相关峰i(δ82.44/δ5.18)代表1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的C-4和1,5-α- 阿拉伯糖的H-1相关联;相关峰j(δ3.89/δ109.06)代表1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的 H-4和1,5-α-阿拉伯糖的C-1相关联;相关峰k(δ67.61/δ5.18)代表1,5-α- 阿拉伯糖的C-5和1,5-α-阿拉伯糖的H-1相关联;相关峰l(δ3.88/δ109.06) 代表1,5-α-阿拉伯糖的H-5和1,5-α-阿拉伯糖的C-1相关联;相关峰m(δ 82.82/δ5.16)代表1,3,5-α-阿拉伯糖的C-3和α-末端阿拉伯糖的H-1相关联; 相关峰n(δ4.06/δ108.70)代表1,3,5-α-阿拉伯糖的H-3和α-末端阿拉伯糖 的C-1相关联;相关峰o(δ67.61/δ5.16)代表1,5-α-阿拉伯糖的C-5和α- 末端阿拉伯糖的H-1相关联;相关峰p(δ3.88/δ108.70)代表1,5-α-阿拉伯 糖的H-5和α-末端阿拉伯糖的C-1相关联;相关峰q(δ82.44/δ4.57)代表 1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的C-4和1,4-β-半乳糖的H-1相关联;相关峰r(δ79.66/δ4.63) 代表1,4-β-半乳糖的C-4和1,4,6-β-半乳糖的H-1相关联;相关峰s(δ4.05/δ 105.48)代表1,4-β-半乳糖的H-4和1,4,6-β-半乳糖的C-1相关联;相关峰t (δ4.05/δ104.53)代表1,4-β-半乳糖的H-4和β-末端半乳糖的C-1相关联; 相关峰u(δ66.34/δ4.58)代表1,4,6-β-半乳糖的C-6和β-末端半乳糖的H-1 相关联;相关峰v(δ3.80/δ104.53)代表1,4,6-β-半乳糖的H-6和β-末端半 乳糖的C-1相关联;相关峰w(δ79.66/δ4.57)代表1,4-β-半乳糖的C-4和 1,4-β-半乳糖的H-1相关联;相关峰x(δ4.05/δ104.85)代表1,4-β-半乳糖的 H-4和1,4-β-半乳糖的C-1相关联;相关峰y(δ67.61/δ5.18)代表1,5-α-阿 拉伯糖的C-5和1,5-α-阿拉伯糖的H-1相关联;相关峰z(δ3.88/δ109.06) 代表1,5-α-阿拉伯糖的H-5和1,5-α-阿拉伯糖的C-1相关联。
在OIW0.2S3In的HMΒC图谱中(图4),可以确定糖苷键的连接顺序。 相关峰A(δ4.50/δ100.22)代表1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-4和1,2-α-鼠李糖的 C-1相关联;相关峰B(δ79.02/δ5.27)代表1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-4和1,2-α- 鼠李糖的H-1相关联;相关峰C(δ4.08/δ99.50)代表1,2-α-鼠李糖的H-2 和1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-1相关联;相关峰D(δ79.81/δ5.03)代表1,2-α-鼠 李糖的C-2和1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-1相关联;相关峰E(δ4.52/δ99.01)代 表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-4与1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-1相关联;相关峰F (δ80.78/δ5.05)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-4与1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-1 相关联;相关峰G(δ80.78/δ5.03)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-4与1,4-α- 半乳糖醛酸的H-1相关联;相关峰H(δ4.52/δ99.50)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛 酸的H-4与1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-1相关联;相关峰I(δ78.03/δ4.71)代表 1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-3与1,4-β-木糖的H-1相关联;相关峰J(δ4.21/δ 105.16)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的H-3与1,4-β-木糖的C-1相关联;相关峰 K(δ82.56/δ4.71)代表1,4-β-木糖的C-4和1,4-β-木糖的H-1相关联;相关 峰L(δ3.95/δ105.16)代表1,4-β-木糖的H-4和1,4-β-木糖的C-1相关联; 相关峰M(δ82.56/δ4.67)代表1,4-β-木糖的C-4和β-末端木糖的H-1相关 联;相关峰N(δ3.95/δ104.69)代表1,4-β-木糖的H-4和β-末端木糖的C-1 相关联;相关峰O(δ78.03/δ4.67)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的C-3与β-末端 木糖的H-1相关联;相关峰P(δ4.21/δ104.69)代表1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的 H-3与β-末端木糖的C-1相关联;相关峰Q(δ80.27/δ4.61)代表1,2,4-α-鼠 李糖的C-4与1,4-β-半乳糖的H-1相关联;相关峰R(δ3.81/δ104.85)代表 1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的H-4与1,4-β-半乳糖的C-1相关联;相关峰S(δ81.94/δ4.61) 代表1,4-β-半乳糖的C-4与1,4-β-半乳糖的H-1相关联;相关峰T(δ3.78/δ 104.85)代表1,4-β-半乳糖的H-4与1,4-β-半乳糖的C-1相关联;相关峰U(δ 81.94/δ4.63)代表1,4-β-半乳糖的C-4与1,4,6-β-半乳糖的H-1相关联;相关 峰V(δ3.78/δ105.48)代表1,4-β-半乳糖的H-4与1,4,6-β-半乳糖的C-1相关 联;相关峰W(δ67.84/δ4.55)代表1,4,6-β-半乳糖的C-6和β-末端半乳糖 的H-1相关联;相关峰X(δ3.84/δ104.53)代表1,4,6-β-半乳糖的H-6和β- 末端半乳糖的C-1相关联;相关峰Y(δ81.94/δ4.55)代表1,4-β-半乳糖的 C-4与β-末端半乳糖的H-1相关联;相关峰Z(δ3.78/δ104.53)代表1,4-β- 半乳糖的H-4与β-末端半乳糖的C-1相关联。
综上所述,木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3的结构是由木聚半乳糖醛酸(xylogalacturonan,XGA)和鼠李半乳糖醛酸(鼠李糖mnogalacturonan,RG) 组合而成。XGA部分的主链是1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸和1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸交替 连接,分支有β-末端木糖、1,4-β-木糖,且分支取代在1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸的 C3位;RG部分的主链结构是由1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸和1,2-α-鼠李糖交替连接, 分支包括β-末端半乳糖、1,4-β-半乳糖、1,4,6-β-半乳糖、α-末端阿拉伯糖、 1,5-α-阿拉伯糖和1,3,5-α-阿拉伯糖,分支取代在1,2,4-α-鼠李糖的C4位。两 个部分通过XGA的1,3,4-α-半乳糖醛酸和RG的1,4-α-半乳糖醛酸相连。
测试实施例2:木蝴蝶多糖提取物及均一多糖的抗病毒活性
(1)体外活体病毒筛选实验
与SARS-CoV-2相关的实验在中国科学院武汉国家生物安全实验室的生 物安全3级(BSL-3)实验室完成。SARS-CoV-2在Vero E6细胞中传代,并 通过噬菌斑法测定病毒滴度。在病毒感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI) 为0.01时用一定浓度的多糖化合物处理Vero E6细胞,37℃下孵育24小时 后,收集上清液。运用病毒RNA提取试剂盒(磁珠法)提取病毒RNA,用 实时RT-PCR对病毒S蛋白基因进行定量分析。结果如图5所示。当粗多糖 OIW加入量为5μL(1μg/mL)时,对活体病毒拷贝的抑制率达到80%。该 结果说明木蝴蝶粗多糖OIW对新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)有一定的抑制 作用。
(2)3CLPro蛋白水解酶和PLpro蛋白水解酶的抑制实验
基于SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro蛋白是一种蛋白水解酶的基本特点,建立荧光 法检测SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro蛋白活性的筛选体系。SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro蛋白 可特异性剪切P1位为Gln(Q)的底物,其活性检测采用荧光多肽 (MCA-AVLQSGFR-Lys(Dnp)-Lys-NH2,SEQ IDNo.:1,吉尔生化公司)为 底物,通过检测荧光信号的生成来反映其蛋白水解酶的活性。将目标蛋白酶 3CLpro与一系列稀释的待测多糖化合物混合在50mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.3),1 mMEDTA的缓冲液中,30℃孵育10min。然后添加荧光多肽底物,在一定 时间内测量荧光信号。以DMSO为对照组,计算实验组各浓度化合物反应的 Vmax,生成IC50曲线。所有实验均设立三组平行实验,在GraphPad软件上 分析实验结果。
结果如图6所示。由图6A可知,当粗多糖OIW浓度为100μg/mL时, 其对3CLpro蛋白水解酶的抑制率可以达到100%;当粗多糖OIW浓度为10 μg/mL时,其对3CLpro蛋白水解酶的抑制率达到82%,存在一定的浓度依 赖关系;粗多糖对PLpro蛋白水解酶也有一定的抑制作用,但活性差异较大 (图6C)。由于初步筛选存在一定误差,因此进一步测定了粗多糖OIW抑制 3CLpro蛋白水解酶的IC50值,由图6B计算得知,粗多糖OIW抑制3CLpro 蛋白水解酶的IC50值为11.99±1.05μg/mL。
同样地,对分离纯化后的均一多糖OIW0.2S3进行初步筛选,发现均一 多糖OIW0.2S3对3CLpro蛋白水解酶仍有一定抑制作用(图7A)。均一多糖 OIW0.2S3在10μg/mL和100μg/mL对PLpro蛋白水解酶的抑制率要高于粗 多糖OIW的抑制率(图6C)。综上说明,与木蝴蝶粗多糖相比,木蝴蝶多糖 经过分离纯化后在体外仍然对3CLpro蛋白水解酶活性有一定抑制作用。
(3)S蛋白与ACE2受体结合的抑制实验
根据病毒S蛋白与血管紧张素受体ACE2的结合特性,通过酶联免疫吸 附法(ELISA)检测木蝴蝶次级粗多糖对二者结合的抑制作用。用10μg/mL ACE2包被缓冲液洗涤包被板,再加入200μL 4℃孵育过夜。次日用2%BSA 室温封闭2h。倾去封闭液,加入100μL生物素化的S1蛋白室温孵育1h; 同时设立阴性对照。孵育结束后,洗涤3次,每次5min。再加入100μL链 霉亲和素-HRP,使终浓度为200ng/mL,室温孵育1h。孵育结束后,同上述 洗涤操作。再加入100μL TMB显色液,黑暗中孵育35min。最后,添加50 μL终止液以终止反应,并通过酶标仪检测A450值。结果如图8所示。经过 统计,次级粗多糖OIW0.2在体外抑制S蛋白与ACE2受体结合的IC50值达 到1.12μg/mL。进一步说明木蝴蝶粗多糖在体外可能有阻滞病毒的黏附和 侵袭作用。
(4)等温滴定量热法(ITC)结合实验
实验在iTC200热量仪上展开,ITC缓冲液为25mM Tris,pH 7.3,并在 25℃下以800rpm的速度搅拌。滴定前将3CLpro和多糖OIW0.2S3用ITC 缓冲液稀释,3CLpro蛋白浓度为600μM,多糖OIW0.2S3浓度为300μM。 以DMSO为对照组,用3CLpro蛋白质溶液滴定多糖OIW0.2S3溶液。初始 进样为0.4μL,之后以2μL进样,每次进样时间为4s,进样19次,两次进样之间的间隔为120s。采用单一结合位点模式和非线性最小二乘算法获得化 学计量(n),焓变(ΔH)和结合常数(K)的最佳拟合值。用公式ΔG=ΔH– TΔS=-RT ln K计算热力学参数,其中T,R,ΔG和ΔS分别是是实验温度, 气体常数,自由能变化和结合熵。具体结果如图9和下表1所示。拟合解离 常数Kd值为3.4×10-6,表明此多糖可以直接靶向3CLpro蛋白水解酶。由 此可知,此均一多糖OIW0.2S3可以通过靶向病毒RNA关键蛋白酶3CLpro 来发挥潜在的抗病毒活性。
表1
综上,通过测试实施例可知,木蝴蝶粗多糖OIW对新冠病毒 (SARS-CoV-2)有一定的抑制作用;在体外,粗多糖OIW对病毒关键蛋白 酶3CLpro和PLpro的活性也有一定的抑制作用;同时,木蝴蝶次级粗多糖 OIW0.2可以抑制病毒S蛋白与ACE2受体的结合;木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3 在体外也可以抑制SARS-CoV-2RNA合成关键水解酶3CLpro和PLpro的活 性,并能直接靶向3CLpro蛋白水解酶,该木蝴蝶粗多糖OIW、次级粗多糖 OIW0.2及均一多糖OIW0.2S3可成为抗新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染 的糖类药物,且木蝴蝶均一多糖OIW0.2S3可成为预防和/或治疗新型冠状病 毒肺炎(COVID-19)的候选先导化合物或糖类药物。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普 通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润 饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 中国科学院上海药物研究所
<120> 一种木蝴蝶多糖、其制备方法及用途
<130> DI21-0790-XC03
<160> 1
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 荧光多肽底物
<400> 1
Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Gly Phe Arg Lys Lys
1 5 10
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的木蝴蝶均一多糖,其中,所述木蝴蝶均一多糖的重均分子量为6.6~28.1kDa,优选为17.3kDa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的木蝴蝶均一多糖,其中,所述木蝴蝶均一多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸组成,其中,鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸的比例为1:1.3:1:1:4.3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的木蝴蝶均一多糖,其中,所述木蝴蝶均一多糖具有基本上如图2所示的13CNMR谱。
5.一种木蝴蝶多糖提取物的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a.多糖的提取:木蝴蝶干燥种子经沸水提取,得到提取液,提取液浓缩后加入乙醇进行沉淀,收集沉淀得木蝴蝶粗多糖;
b.多糖的纯化:所述木糖粗多糖经DEAE SepharoseTMFast Flow阴离子交换柱分离,收集0.2M NaCl洗脱液的洗脱组分,得到木蝴蝶次级粗多糖,该次级粗多糖再经过SephacrylS300 HR凝胶柱进一步纯化,得到如权利要求1所述的木蝴蝶均一多糖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,
所述步骤a包括:在进行沸水提取前,向木蝴蝶种子中加入去离子水室温浸泡过夜,经两次沸水提取后,合并提取液进行浓缩,浓缩液经透析去除小分子物质后,加入95%乙醇沉淀,取沉淀挥干或烘干乙醇,复溶于去离子水中,冷冻干燥,得木蝴蝶粗多糖。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其中,
所述步骤b包括:阴离子交换柱分离时依次使用去离子水、0.1M、0.2M的NaCl溶液进行梯度洗脱,收集0.2M NaCl洗脱液的洗脱组分为木蝴蝶次级粗多糖;以及在用SephacrylS300 HR凝胶柱进一步纯化时,使用0.2M NaCl洗脱液进行洗脱,收集得到的洗脱组分为权利要求1所述的木蝴蝶均一多糖。
8.一种木蝴蝶粗多糖提取物,其为由权利要求5或6所述的方法制备得到的木蝴蝶粗多糖,或为由权利要求5或7所述的方法制备得到的木蝴蝶次级粗多糖。
9.一种药物组合物,其包含如权利要求8所述的木蝴蝶粗多糖提取物或如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的木蝴蝶均一多糖,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
10.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的木蝴蝶均一多糖、如权利要求8所述的木蝴蝶粗多糖提取物、或如权利要求9所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗或预防新型冠状病毒感染的药物或保健品中的用途。
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