CN108623699B - 瓜蒌皮多糖glp-5-1、其制备方法及用途 - Google Patents
瓜蒌皮多糖glp-5-1、其制备方法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种瓜蒌皮多糖GLP‑5‑1,其单糖组成包括阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为:(4.5~6.5):(4~6):(6~8):(8~12)。本发明还公开了其制备方法及用途,所述瓜蒌皮多糖GLP‑5‑1具有肾素抑制作用,可以用于制备肾素抑制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中草药多糖的提取;具体涉及一种瓜蒌皮多糖、其制备方法及用途。
背景技术
瓜蒌皮(Trichosanthispericarpium)为葫芦科栝楼属植物栝楼(TrichosantheskirilowiiMaxim.)或双边栝楼(TrichosanthesrosthoriniiHarms)的干燥成熟果皮。瓜蒌皮注射液为上药集团旗下子公司上海第一生化药业有限公司独家产品,是以瓜蒌皮为原料,经水提醇沉,再经过离子交换树脂洗脱而制成的灭菌水溶液,临床上用于冠心病,稳定型心绞痛的治疗,具有行气除满,开胸除痹之功效。瓜蒌皮注射液临床应用广泛,但物质基础尚不明确。
目前对瓜蒌皮的化学成分研究也主要集中在小分子上,如从瓜蒌皮中分离出脂肪酸、甾醇、黄酮、氨基酸、核苷酸和生物碱成分,但瓜蒌皮多糖类成分却鲜有报道。
肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)是一种参与调节血压和体液电解质平衡的内分泌系统,肾素抑制剂能够直接从源头上阻断RAS,有效减少AngI、AngII的生成,在抗高血压作用的同时可以显著抑制动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的进展,促进斑块的稳定,同时像阿利吉仑等肾素抑制剂在降低新功能不全、改善心室肥厚和缓解心绞痛等方面发挥重要作用。
发明内容
根据现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明将瓜蒌皮按照瓜蒌皮注射液国家药品标准进行提取,并以抗肾素活性跟踪为前提,对透析截留后的袋内大分子部分进行活性跟踪分离纯化和结构分析,为阐明瓜蒌皮注射液的化学物质基础提供依据。
本发明提供了一种瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1,其单糖组成包括阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为:(4.5~6.5):(4~6):(6~8):(8~12);优选的,四种单糖的摩尔比为:5.5:4.4:6.9:10.0。
所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1,其相对平均分子量为2000~10000Da;优选为2000~4500Da,进一步优选为3722Da。
本发明还提供了所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)取瓜蒌皮,加水煎煮,收集滤液,减压浓缩后加入乙醇,静置后取上清液,滤过,干燥得浸膏;
(2)浸膏经透析后收集袋内部分,干燥后得到样品GLP;
(3)样品GLP过阴离子交换树脂,用水、0.1M、0.2M、0.5M和1.0MNaCl依次洗脱,其中0.5M洗脱组分得GLP-5;
(4)将洗脱组分GLP-5以0.2M NaCl为流动相,经分子筛凝胶柱层析,得瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1。
其中,
步骤(1)所述乙醇的质量分数优选为80~95%,更优选为90%;加入乙醇后,滤液中的含醇量优选为60~75%,更优选为70%;
步骤(2)所述透析优选使用截留分子量1000Da的透析袋透析;
步骤(3)所述阴离子交换树脂为DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换树脂;
步骤(4)所述分子筛凝胶柱层析为Superdex 75分子筛凝胶柱层析;
步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的干燥为冷冻干燥。
作为一个优选的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)取瓜蒌皮,加水煎煮2~4次,每次1~4小时,收集合并每次的滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25(30℃),加入质量分数为80~95%乙醇使滤液中的含醇量为60~75%,静置24~72小时,取上清液,滤过,干燥得浸膏;
(2)浸膏经截留分子量1000Da的透析袋透析后收集袋内部分,冷冻干燥后得到样品GLP;
(3)样品GLP过DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换树脂,用水、0.1M、0.2M、0.5M和1.0M NaCl洗脱,用苯酚硫酸跟踪,分别对应得到洗脱组分GLP-W、GLP-1、GLP-2、GLP-5和GLP-10;
(4)将0.5M NaCl洗脱得到的洗脱组分GLP-5以0.2M NaCl为流动相经Superdex 75分子筛凝胶柱层析,得瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1。
本发明还公开了所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1在制备肾素抑制剂中的用途。
附图说明
图1为GLP-5经Superdex 75凝胶分离图谱,收集140min-170min馏分;
图2为瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1的HPGPC图谱;其中,A:瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1;B:空白样品;
图3为瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1多糖糖组成分析气相色谱图谱;其中,A.瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1;B.单糖混合对照品,1.D-鼠李糖2.L-岩藻糖3.D-阿拉伯糖4.D-木糖5.D-甘露糖6D-葡萄糖7.D-半乳糖;
图4为瓜蒌皮多糖及其纯化后多糖的肾素抑制活性结果图;A:GLP-W、GLP-1、GLP-2、GLP-5和GLP-10在200μg/ml时的肾素抑制率,阳性对照阿利吉仑(Aliskiren)在3nM时的肾素抑制率;B:瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1在1.56~200μg/ml浓度下的肾素抑制率,IC50为87.35μg/ml。
具体实施方式
1 材料和仪器
1.1 材料
瓜蒌皮20kg购自上海康桥中药饮片有限公司(产地:山东;批号:150825;生产日期:2015年8月25日),DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换树脂和Superdex系列分子筛凝胶柱购自通用电气GE Healthcare;普鲁兰多糖P-82标准品套装:P-5,P-10,P-20,P-50,P-100,P-200,P-400,P-800,Shodex;水为超纯水(实验室自制);单糖标准品(D-葡萄糖、D-阿拉伯糖、L-岩藻糖、L-鼠李糖、D-甘露糖、D-木糖、D-半乳糖)、二甲亚砜DMSO、人肾素和三氟乙酸购自SIGMA公司,荧光底物(Nma-KHPFH LVIHK(Dnp)-NH2,LotNo.991-110042)购自PEPTIDE INSTITUTE,无水乙醇和氯化钠均购自国药集团上海试剂有限公司;其它的试剂均为分析纯。
1.2 仪器
安捷伦1260系列高效液相色谱仪(包括自动进样器、输液泵、脱气机、DAD检测器、IR检测器及安捷伦Cirrus GPC软件);安捷伦7000D三重四级杆气质联用色谱仪(HP-5柱);利穗科技多糖分离系统配置Shodex示差折光IR检测器;电子天平(赛托利斯-SECURA225D);离心机(SIGMA-3K15);旋转蒸发仪(BUCHI-Rotavapor R-300);冷冻干燥机(LABCONCO-4.5L);纯水仪(密理博REFRENCE)。
2 实验方法
2.1 多糖的提取及分离纯化
瓜蒌皮的提取按照国家药品标准(WS-11417(ZD-1417)-2002-2008)的制备流程,即取瓜蒌皮5000g,加水煎煮三次,第一次2小时,第二次、第三次各1小时,分次滤过,合并滤液并减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25(30℃),加入质量分数为90%的乙醇使最终滤液中含醇量为70%,静置72小时,取上清液,滤过,回收乙醇,真空干燥后得浸膏。浸膏经截留分子量为1000Da的透析袋透析后收集袋内大分子部分,冷冻干燥后样品记做样品GLP。
样品GLP经DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换树脂通过水、0.1M、0.2M、0.5M和1.0M NaCl洗脱,苯酚硫酸跟踪,分别对应得到洗脱组分GLP-W、GLP-1、GLP-2、GLP-5和GLP-10;活性最强洗脱组分GLP-5以0.2M NaCl为流动相经Superdex 75分子筛凝胶柱层析,得GLP-5-1。
2.2 多糖纯度和相对分子量测定
采用HPGPC法测定多糖的纯度及相对分子量。称取多糖样品配置成浓度为2mg/mL的溶液,标准品为普鲁兰多糖P-82标准品套装,配制成浓度为2mg/mL的混合标准品溶液。色谱柱:UltrahydrogelTM 1000(7.8×300mm)串联UltrahydrogelTM 250(7.8×300mm),Waters;流动相:0.2M NaCl;流速:0.8mL/min;柱温:40℃。分别精密吸取标准品与样品溶液各10μL,注入HPGPC进行检测,图谱通过安捷伦Cirrus GPC软件数据处理。
2.3 单糖组成分析
还原水解法进行糖组成分析,取多糖样品约1~2mg,置15×150mm试管中,加200μL3mol/L三氟乙酸溶液和50μL 4-甲基吗啉硼烷溶液,80℃油浴水解5min,取出加入50μL 4-甲基吗啉硼烷溶液,120℃油浴水解1h,取出。再加入100μL 4-甲基吗啉硼烷溶液,转入25ml梨形烧瓶,60℃水浴减压蒸干,再加2~3ml乙腈蒸干三次,然后加200μL三氟乙酸和200μL乙酸酐,50℃水浴乙酰化10min,加3ml水终止反应,室温放置30min,用5ml氯仿萃取全乙酰化衍生物,氯仿层用水洗三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,然后用氯仿稀释至50ml溶液。
GC-MS检测。GC-MS程序升温条件:140-198℃(2℃/min),保持4min,继续升温到217℃(1℃/min),保持4min,最后升温到250℃(3℃/min),保持5min,进样口温度为250℃;载气为氦气(体积流量1mL/min)。
2.4 肾素抑制活性筛选
2.4.1 试剂及肾素、荧光底物溶液和待测化合物的配制
1)缓冲液配制
取1片磷酸平衡盐缓冲液加入100ml蒸馏水(每100ml中含NaCl 800mg,KCl 20mg,Na2HPO4115mg,KH2PO420mg,PH=7.35-7.65)中加入100mg牛血清白蛋白,搅拌均匀,配制成0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲溶液,置于4℃备用。
取20ml 0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液,加入10μL DMSO,配制成0.05%DMSO-0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液,4℃备用。
2)人肾素稀释液配制
根据人肾素以0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液稀释至活性未622.60mU/ml,100μL分装,-80℃保存。使用前,每100μL以15ml 0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液稀释。
3)荧光底物稀释液配制
准确称量荧光底物后,以DMSO溶解底物,配制成10mM的储存液,20μL分装,-80℃避光保存。使用前取6.25μL以5ml 0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液稀释备用。
4)阳性对照化合物稀释液和待测化合物稀释液的配制
阳性对照化合物稀释液:准确称量阿利吉仑后,以DMSO溶解,配制成10mM的储存液,10μL分装,-80℃避光保存。使用前以5ml 0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液稀释至3nM备用。
待测化合物稀释液:GLP-W、GLP-1、GLP-2、GLP-5和GLP-10直接以0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液稀释至200μg/ml备用,GLP-5-1以0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液依次稀释至200μg/ml、100μg/ml、50μg/ml、25μg/ml、12.5μg/ml、6.25μg/ml、3.125μg/ml、1.5625μg/ml。
2.4.2 肾素抑制活性测定
对人肾素活性的抑制作用实验步骤如下:
(1)fluo(实验组)的测试:将20μL待测化合物稀释液或阳性对照化合物稀释液、40μL人肾素稀释液和40μL荧光底物稀释液依次转移到分析板中,加入荧光底物稀释液前,在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上进行预读数,计做pre(实验组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。化合物各浓度进行3复孔检测,加入荧光底物稀释液后立即在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上读数,计做0hr(实验组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。读数后用封板膜封板加盖,于37℃孵育。孵育1hr后取出,在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上读数,计做1hr(实验组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。计算各浓度下化合物的荧光(fluo)均值:fluo(实验组)=average{1hr(实验组)-0hr(实验组)}。
(2)fluo(对照组)的测试:将20μL0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液、40μL人肾素稀释液与40μL荧光底物稀释液依次转移到分析板中,加入荧光底物稀释液前,在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上进行预读数,计做pre(对照组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。进行12复孔检测,加入荧光底物稀释液后立即在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上读数,计做0hr(对照组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。读数后用封板膜封板加盖,于37℃孵育。孵育1hr后取出,在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上读数,计做1hr(对照组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。计算各对照组的荧光(fluo)均值:fluo(对照组)=average{1hr(对照组)-0hr(对照组)}。
(3)fluo(空白组)的测试:将20μL待测化合物稀释液或阳性对照化合物稀释液、40μL0.1%BSA-PBS缓冲液和40μL荧光底物稀释液依次转移到分析板中,加入荧光底物稀释液前,在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上进行预读数,计做pre(空白组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。各浓度进行6复孔检测,加入荧光底物稀释液后立即在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上读数,计做0hr(空白组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。读数后用封板膜封板加盖,于37℃孵育。孵育1hr后取出,在多功能酶标仪Flexstation3上读数,计做1hr(空白组),λex=340nm,λem=440nm,Cutoff=420nm。计算各对照组的荧光(fluo)均值:fluo(空白组)=average{1hr(空白组)-0hr(空白组)}。
(4)按如下公式计算人肾素活性的抑制率:人肾素活性的抑制率(%)=100%-{fluo(实验组)-fluo(空白组)}/{fluo(对照组)-fluo(空白组)}×100%。
以人肾素活性的抑制率(%)为纵坐标,log(GLP-5-1浓度)为横坐标绘制曲线,并进行回归分析得出回归方程用于计算GLP-5-1的半抑制浓度(IC50)。
3 结果
3.1 GLP-5-1的分离纯化
瓜蒌皮样品GLP经DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow分别以蒸馏水、0.1M、0.2M、0.5M和1.0M NaCl洗脱分离后,被依次分为5个洗脱组分GLP-W、GLP-1、GLP-2、GLP-5和GLP-10;活性最强的洗脱组分GLP-5再经Superdex 75凝胶柱进一步纯化,收集140min-170min馏分,经浓缩、脱盐和冷冻干燥后得GLP-5-1(图1),苯酚硫酸法检测GLP-5-1显色明显,表明GLP-5-1为多糖成分。
3.2 纯度和分子量测定
GLP-5-1的纯度和分子量采用高效液相凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)进行测定,结果显示GLP-5-1的HPGPC谱图呈单一峰(图2),表明GLP-5-1为均一多糖。以不同分子量的普鲁兰多糖为标准品,经Cirrus GPC软件分析测得GLP-5-1相对平均分子量为3722Da。
3.3 单糖组成分析
采用还原水解法对单糖糖组成进行分析,结果表明GLP-5-1主要含阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,四种单糖的摩尔比为:5.5:4.4:6.9:10.0(图3)。
3.4 肾素抑制活性测定
通过测量内淬性人血管紧张素原的人工合成肽片段荧光值来检测人肾素的活性,当人肾素从裂解位点将底物裂解为两部分时,在λex=340nm,λem=440nm时,荧光基团因为没有淬灭基团的影响,而使荧光值增加。通过检测荧光值的变化,检测人肾素活性,结果显示人肾素活性在0.05mU/ml-3.11mU/ml的范围时,37℃孵育1-2小时内,荧光读值呈线性增加,其中当人肾素活性在1.56mU/ml时,荧光值与时间的线性关系最佳,实验条件定为:人肾素活性约1.56mU/ml,孵育时间为1hr。通过测量内淬性人血管紧张素原的工合成肽片段荧光值来检测待测化合物对人肾素活性的抑制作用,待测化合物可以阻止人肾素从裂解位点裂解荧光淬灭底物,在λex=340nm,λem=440nm时,由于待测化合物的作用,荧光基团受淬灭基团影响,使得荧光值不断增加。通过检测荧光值的变化,检测待测化合物对人肾素活性的抑制作用。实验结果显示洗脱组分GLP-W、GLP-1、GLP-2、GLP-5和GLP-10在200μg/ml时均表现出肾素抑制作用,其中洗脱组分GLP-5的活性最强,抑制率为83.68±1.02%(图4A)。洗脱组分GLP-5经Superdex 75凝胶纯化后的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1经活性检测后,200μg/ml时肾素抑制率为92.03±5.05%,IC50为87.35μg/ml(图4B)。
Claims (9)
1.一种瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1,其特征在于,其单糖组成包括阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为:(4.5~6.5):(4~6):(6~8):(8~12),
其相对平均分子量为2000~10000Da,以及
所述瓜蒌皮寡/多糖GLP-5-1由包括以下步骤的方法制备得到:
(1)取瓜蒌皮,加水煎煮,收集滤液,减压浓缩后加入乙醇,静置后取上清液,滤过,干燥得浸膏;
(2)浸膏经透析后收集袋内部分,干燥后得到样品GLP;
(3)样品GLP过阴离子交换树脂,用水、0.1M、0.2M、0.5M和1.0M NaCl依次洗脱,其中0.5M洗脱组分得GLP-5;
(4)将GLP-5以0.2M NaCl为流动相,经分子筛凝胶柱层析,得瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1。
2.如权利要求1所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1,其特征在于,其单糖组成包括阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为:5.5:4.4:6.9:10.0。
3.如权利要求1所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1,其特征在于,其相对平均分子量为3722Da。
4.权利要求1~3中任一项所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)取瓜蒌皮,加水煎煮,收集滤液,减压浓缩后加入乙醇,静置后取上清液,滤过,干燥得浸膏;
(2)浸膏经透析后收集袋内部分,干燥后得到样品GLP;
(3)样品GLP过阴离子交换树脂,用水、0.1M、0.2M、0.5M和1.0M NaCl依次洗脱,其中0.5M洗脱组分得GLP-5;
(4)将GLP-5以0.2M NaCl为流动相,经分子筛凝胶柱层析,得瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1。
5.如权利要求4所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述乙醇的质量分数为80~95%,加入乙醇后,滤液中的含醇量为60~75%。
6.如权利要求4所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述透析是使用截留分子量1000Da的透析袋透析。
7.如权利要求4所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(3)所述阴离子交换树脂为DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换树脂;
步骤(4)所述分子筛凝胶柱层析为Superdex 75分子筛凝胶柱层析。
8.权利要求1~3中任一项所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)取瓜蒌皮,加水煎煮2~4次,每次1~4小时,收集合并每次的滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.25,加入质量分数为80~95%乙醇使滤液中的含醇量为60~75%,静置24~72小时,取上清液,滤过,干燥得浸膏;
(2)浸膏经截留分子量1000Da的透析袋透析后收集袋内部分,冷冻干燥后得到样品GLP;
(3)样品GLP过DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换树脂,用水、0.1M、0.2M、0.5M和1.0M NaCl洗脱,用苯酚硫酸跟踪,分别对应得到洗脱组分GLP-W、GLP-1、GLP-2、GLP-5和GLP-10;
(4)将0.5M NaCl洗脱得到的洗脱组分GLP-5以0.2M NaCl为流动相经Superdex 75分子筛凝胶柱层析,得瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1。
9.权利要求1~3中任一项所述的瓜蒌皮多糖GLP-5-1在制备肾素抑制剂中的用途。
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