CN113367160B - Application of trichoderma viride preparation in preventing and treating tomato gray mold - Google Patents
Application of trichoderma viride preparation in preventing and treating tomato gray mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN113367160B CN113367160B CN202110643676.2A CN202110643676A CN113367160B CN 113367160 B CN113367160 B CN 113367160B CN 202110643676 A CN202110643676 A CN 202110643676A CN 113367160 B CN113367160 B CN 113367160B
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- trichoderma viride
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/38—Trichoderma
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
Abstract
The invention relates to an application of a trichoderma viride preparation in preventing and treating tomato gray mold, and the trichoderma viride preparation contains trichoderma viride and ginkgo biloba seed polysaccharide. The invention firstly proposes that the ginkgo biloba polysaccharide and the trichoderma viride preparation are mixed and applied, so that the trichoderma viride preparation has no side effect, and the control effect on the botrytis cinerea can be effectively improved, and the yield and income can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control, in particular to application of a trichoderma viride preparation in controlling tomato gray mold.
Background
Tomato gray mold is a worldwide disease caused by Botrytis cinerea (exFr), the damage on facility vegetables is particularly serious, a large amount of rotten fruits can be caused, and chemical control is a main means for reducing the gray mold. The existing medicaments for preventing and treating the gray mold mainly comprise benzimidazole type bactericides (carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl), N-phenyl carbamate bactericides (diethofencarb), dicarboximide bactericides (procymidone and iprodione), anilinopyrimidine bactericides (pyrimethanil), chlorothalonil and mancozeb, and the first 4 medicaments have greatly reduced prevention and treatment effects due to the generation of the drug resistance of the gray botrytis. Therefore, biological control becomes an important supplementary means for replacing chemical control, but the biological control influences the application prospect due to factors such as slow effect, unstable effect and the like, and the biological-chemical synergistic control becomes the best mode for mutual benefit of the biological control and the chemical control. Based on the thinking, the invention develops the compound research of biological-chemical synergistic control by screening high-efficiency biological bactericide. The reasonable compounding or mixing of the biological-chemical bactericide has the advantages of expanding the bactericidal spectrum, improving the control effect, prolonging the application suitable period, reducing the dosage, reducing the phytotoxicity, reducing the residue and delaying the generation of the drug resistance and the drug resistance of fungi, and is one of the most effective methods for solving the problems.
Tomato gray mold is one of important diseases in tomato production, and poses a great threat to tomato production in protected areas. The tomato is generally reduced in yield by more than 30% due to the fact that the flowers, the fruits, the leaves and the stems can be damaged, particularly the green fruits are damaged the most, and the yield and the quality of the tomatoes are greatly influenced. At present, the method occurs in various regions in China and becomes a restrictive obstacle for tomato facility cultivation. At present, because the resistance source of the gray mold is not found, disease-resistant breeding is difficult to carry out, and the control of the gray mold of the tomato still depends on chemical agents for control. However, long-term and continuous medication causes pathogenic bacteria to gradually generate drug resistance, which affects the control effect, causes environmental pollution and pesticide pollution of fruits. Therefore, the search and screening of microbial strains with strong inhibition on botrytis cinerea is the main direction for preventing and treating botrytis cinerea. The biological pesticide is used for replacing chemical pesticide to prevent and treat plant diseases, although the generation of drug-resistant pathogenic strains can be avoided, the biological pesticide has the defects of unclear prevention and treatment mechanism, slower prevention effect, unstable effect and the like.
The plasmodiophora elata belongs to weak parasitic fungi, namely, the plasmodiophora elata can survive and infect in many adverse environments, and the vitality is particularly persistent and can survive for more than 10 years in soil. Clubroot is a root disease which is relatively prominent in crop production, particularly vegetable production, and forms tumors with different sizes at roots to cause root deformity, so that overground parts grow slowly, are short and are in a water-deficient, fertilizer-deficient and small old seedling state. With the progress of the disease, the leaves gradually become withered and yellow, and the death of the whole plant can be caused seriously.
Trichoderma belongs to Mycospora, Aphyllophorales, Deuteromycotina, class hyphomycetes, and is a ubiquitous fungus. Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) is widespread in nature and often saprophytic on wood, seeds and plant residues. Trichoderma viride produces a variety of biologically active enzyme systems, such as: cellulase, chitinase, xylanase, etc. Has important function in the biological control of plant pathology. The Trichoderma viride is one of the strains with the highest cellulase activity, and the produced cellulase has a degradation effect on crops and a very good effect.
Most of the Trichoderma viride fungi can produce various bioactive substances having antagonistic action on plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and insects, and can improve the stress resistance of crops, promote plant growth and increase the yield of agricultural products, so that they are widely used for biological control, biological fertilizer and soil conditioner. Since the negative effects of chemical pesticides on the environment are serious, trichoderma viride, which is environmentally friendly, is receiving wide attention.
The Chinese granted patent CN108315284B discloses a Bacillus strain for producing protease and resisting botrytis cinerea, which is classified and named as Bacillus safensis SH180 and is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 2018, 4 and 8 months, and the preservation number is as follows: CGMCC 15565. The strain has the functions of promoting biological growth, producing protease and resisting tomato gray mold. The strain is applied to production, and has important significance for improving the yield of tomatoes, reducing the harm of pesticides to irrigation water and reducing the generation of drug-resistant bacteria.
Chinese granted patent CN109628323B discloses a fermentation method of trichoderma viride and water dispersible granules thereof. The disclosed fermentation method of trichoderma viride comprises the following steps: inoculating Trichoderma viride LTR-2 to a fermentation medium, controlling the temperature to be 29-31 ℃ in the early fermentation stage, controlling the temperature to be 24-26 ℃ in the later fermentation stage and controlling the pH to be 5.0-5.5, and obtaining Trichoderma viride LTR-2 fermentation liquor rich in chlamydospore. By adopting the method, the trichoderma viride fermentation liquor rich in chlamydospores can be obtained, the stress resistance of the product is obviously improved, and the shelf life is prolonged; the water dispersible granule has obviously better control effect on tomato gray mold, potato late blight and tobacco powdery mildew than control medicaments and agricultural preparations DZ-1.
Chinese granted patent CN108293480B discloses a method for preventing and treating tomato gray mold by using a biocontrol microbial inoculum, which comprises the following steps: adding the biocontrol microbial inoculum into water with the weight of 50-100 times, stirring uniformly, activating at 25-30 ℃ for 3-5h, then spraying 10-20ml of biocontrol microbial inoculum on tomatoes according to the amount of each plant, and repeatedly spraying once after 1 week. The invention adopts the biocontrol agent to carry out field control on the tomato gray mold, completely has no a series of problems caused by chemical control, and has good control effect.
However, with the development of times and the promotion of drug resistance, good effects of trichoderma viride alone for controlling tomato gray mold have been difficult to achieve. Therefore, the skilled person also tries to combine Trichoderma viride with other drugs to improve the control effect. Although the prior art mentions that the trichoderma viride preparation can be mixed with other fungicidal pesticides and plant growth regulators for use, how to ensure that the mixed preparation has no side effect on trichoderma viride and can improve the control effect is still a technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the background technology, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the application of the trichoderma viride preparation in preventing and treating tomato gray mold. In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the invention relates to application of a trichoderma viride preparation in preventing and treating tomato gray mold, wherein the trichoderma viride preparation contains trichoderma viride and ginkgo biloba extract polysaccharide. Ginkgo polysaccharide is a polysaccharide substance extracted from semen Ginkgo, and is also called semen Ginkgo type pectin, and is light yellow powder. The invention discloses a method for mixing and applying ginkgo biloba polysaccharide and a trichoderma viride preparation for the first time, which has the advantages that side effects on the trichoderma viride preparation are not generated, the prevention and treatment effects on botrytis cinerea of tomatoes can be effectively improved, and the yield and income are increased.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of trichoderma viride to ginkgo biloba polysaccharide is 10: 0.5 to 2; preferably 10: 0.8-1.2. The preparation of the invention is mixed with the trichoderma viride and the ginkgo biloba seed polysaccharide according to a specific proportion, which is beneficial to improving the prevention and treatment effect.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said Trichoderma viride is Trichoderma viride LTR-2 in an amount of 16-22X 108cfu/g formulation.
The invention also relates to a preparation for preventing and treating tomato gray mold, which comprises the following components in a weight ratio of 10: 0.5-2 of Trichoderma viride and Ginkgo biloba polysaccharide; the weight ratio is preferably 10: 0.8-1.2.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the trichoderma viride preparation is a dry powder preparation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dry powder formulation is vacuum-packed and stored at ambient temperature.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents involved in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available products, and all of them are commercially available.
Example 1
Taking Trichoderma viride LTR-2 dry powder (content 20X 10)8cfu/g)10 parts by weight and 1 part by weight of ginkgo biloba seed polysaccharide powder are mixed evenly and stored in a vacuum sealed bag at normal temperature. The number of Trichoderma viride in the product after 3 months was 17 × 108cfu/g, mortality was 5.5%. The mortality rate after 3 months storage of the dry powder of Trichoderma viride LTR-2 alone was 16%. Therefore, the ginkgo biloba polysaccharide has no significant influence on the activity of trichoderma viride and also has a certain protection effect.
Example 2:
taking Trichoderma viride LTR-2 dry powder (content 20X 10)8cfu/g)10 parts by weight and 2 parts by weight of ginkgo biloba seed polysaccharide powder are mixed evenly and stored in a vacuum sealed bag at normal temperature. The number of Trichoderma viride in the product after 3 months was 15 × 108cfu/g, the mortality rate is 10%, thereby showing that excessive ginkgo biloba polysaccharide has certain influence on the activity of trichoderma viride, but still has certain protection effect.
Example 3:
taking Trichoderma viride LTR-2 dry powder (content 20X 10)8cfu/g)10 parts by weight and 0.5 part by weight of ginkgo biloba seed polysaccharide powder are mixed evenly and stored in a vacuum sealed bag at normal temperature. The number of Trichoderma viride in the product after 3 months was 17 × 108cfu/g, mortality was 11%, thus indicating that the amount of Ginkgo biloba polysaccharides has a substantial effect on the protection of Trichoderma viride.
Example 4: the field control effect test of the biological agent for preventing and treating the tomato gray mold
The following medication was chosen for the test:
tomato gray mold: blank control CK (clear water), positive control group (Trichoderma viride LTR-2 dry powder agent 2000 times liquid spray), experimental group (example 1-3 preparation 2000 times liquid spray). The first dose is applied before permanent planting, the second dose is applied at the early stage of disease onset, and the first dose is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days for a total of 4 times.
The test method comprises the following steps: setting a test cell: the area of a single cell is about 30-40 square meters, 15 cells are arranged, 3 cells are tested in each experiment, and isolation zones can be arranged in places with large field areas. The pesticide application is different in each district, and other management, seedling raising and the like are completely the same. And respectively counting the morbidity index, and calculating the using effect of each medicament after repeatedly averaging 3 times of treatment. The test data are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 field control of tomato gray mold by Trichoderma viride preparation
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the control effect of the Trichoderma viride preparation of the example on the botrytis cinerea of tomatoes is obviously better than that of the blank control group and the positive control group, wherein the preparation of the example 1 has the best effect.
The foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the invention thereto. Modifications and variations of the embodiments disclosed herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The application of a trichoderma viride preparation in preventing and treating tomato gray mold is characterized in that the trichoderma viride preparation contains trichoderma viride and ginkgo biloba extract polysaccharide; the weight ratio of the trichoderma viride to the ginkgo polysaccharide is 10: 0.5 to 2; the Trichoderma viride is Trichoderma viride LTR-2 with content of 16-22 × 108cfu/g。
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of trichoderma viride to ginkgo biloba polysaccharide is 10: 0.8-1.2.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the trichoderma viride preparation is a dry powder preparation.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the dry powder formulation is vacuum packed and stored at ambient temperature.
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| CN202110643676.2A CN113367160B (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Application of trichoderma viride preparation in preventing and treating tomato gray mold |
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| CN202110643676.2A CN113367160B (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Application of trichoderma viride preparation in preventing and treating tomato gray mold |
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Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5198254A (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1993-03-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Composition and method of increasing stability of fruits, vegetables or fungi |
| CN100340655C (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-10-03 | 山东省科学院中日友好生物技术研究中心 | Green tricoderma LTR-2 strain and its preparation |
| BRPI0705744B1 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2017-06-13 | Fundação Universidade De Brasília | COMPOSITION OF ENZYMES, USE OF COMPOSITION IN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIAL, PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES THAT DEGRADES OF THE FRACTION OF POLYMACARIDES OF PROCESS |
| CN102888350A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-23 | 上海交通大学 | Trichoderma strain for antagonizing soil-borne disease |
| CN105412155B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2019-03-12 | 皖南医学院 | Trichoderma pseudokoningii exocellular polysaccharide treats and prevents the application of colon cancer and its is combined the application of chemotherapeutic drug therapy colon cancer |
| CN108142440A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-12 | 黄永 | A kind of trichoderma combination preparation of control of plant disease |
| CN109221255B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-06-22 | 山东省科学院生态研究所 | Application of trichoderma LTR-2, microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof |
| CN109266559B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-08-13 | 山东省科学院生态研究所 | A kind of application of Trichoderma harzianum LTR-2 |
| CN109355210B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-09-03 | 山东省科学院生态研究所 | Application of the Trichoderma harzianum LTR-2 in terms of preventing and treating masaic of tomato |
| CN109628323B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-09-27 | 云南星耀生物制品有限公司 | Trichoderma Viride method and its water dispersible granules |
| CN111088191B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-04-02 | 华东理工大学 | Bacillus and trichoderma combined culture method and application |
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