CN113367100B - Method for improving hatching rate of hatching eggs of muscovy ducks - Google Patents
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 241000272834 Cairina moschata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009374 poultry farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving hatching rate of Muscovy ducks, which belongs to the technical field of poultry cultivation, and in the hatching process of Muscovy ducks, an optimal egg cooling scheme is set according to the season of hatching, and comprises the following steps: in summer, cooling eggs on the 7 th day of incubation of the breeding duck eggs, and spraying water for cooling eggs once every day on the 7 th to 16 th days of incubation of the breeding duck eggs; spraying water for cooling eggs once every day from 17 th day to embryo egg drop tray, wherein the water spraying temperature is 25-30deg.C; in any season of spring, autumn and winter, water spraying is started on 9 th day of hatching of the breeding duck eggs, and water is sprayed once every day until the embryo eggs fall down to a tray, wherein the water spraying temperature is 30-35 ℃. The method for improving the hatching effect of the muscovy duck hatching eggs is explored from the seasonal angle for the first time, the hatching rate and the seedling strengthening rate of the muscovy duck hatching eggs can be respectively up to 95% and 92%, the hatching efficiency of the muscovy duck hatching eggs is obviously improved, and the practicability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry farming, and particularly relates to a method for improving hatching rate of hatching eggs of Muscovy ducks.
Background
At present, the intensive culture level of domestic muscovy ducks is not high, most of the domestic muscovy ducks still belong to workshop type small-scale production, and in order to improve the production efficiency, a plurality of relatively large culture companies use chicken hatching equipment to hatch the muscovy ducks. Because the fat content in the duck eggs is high, a large amount of heat is generated due to fat metabolism in the hatching process, and the egg temperature is easy to rise, excessive heat is removed in time and enough fresh air is supplied through the cooled eggs, and the temperature and humidity standard is correspondingly regulated, so that the hatching rate of the duck eggs is improved. The frequent water spraying of the cool eggs in the hatching period is generally regarded as one of important technologies at home and abroad, the frequency of water spraying of the cool eggs in different hatching periods is different, but the water spraying of the cool eggs is usually carried out at least once every day (the hatching age of 6-14 days), the later period is more frequent, and the workload and the labor intensity of water spraying of the cool eggs are very high. Moreover, researches show that the hatching rate can be influenced by incorrect mastering of egg cooling time in the traditional water spraying egg cooling method. At present, the emergence rate of the hatching of the muscovy ducks is not higher than 92%, and the green rate is about 77%, so that supply and demand of muscovy ducks are not required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for improving the hatching rate of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks, which is simple in method, convenient to operate and high in emergence rate and seedling strengthening rate.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for improving hatching rate of hatching eggs of Muscovy ducks comprises the steps of beginning to cool eggs on 7-9 days of hatching eggs according to seasons of hatching in the hatching process of Muscovy ducks until the eggs fall on a tray.
Further, the muscovy ducks are hatched in different seasons, and the first water spraying and egg cooling time is as follows:
summer season: 5-7 months, and beginning to cool the duck eggs on the 7 th day of incubation;
any one of spring, autumn and winter: the duck eggs begin to cool on day 9 of incubation.
Further, the muscovy ducks are hatched in different seasons, and the times of egg cooling are as follows:
Summer season: 5-7 months, spraying water to cool the eggs once every day on 7-16 days after hatching the duck eggs; spraying water to cool the eggs once every day from the 17 th day of incubation to the embryo egg tray;
any one of spring, autumn and winter: spraying water to cool the duck eggs on the 9 th day of incubation, and spraying water to cool the duck eggs once every day until the embryo eggs fall on a tray.
Further, the method for spraying water to cool eggs in any one of spring, autumn and winter comprises the following steps: and (3) pulling out the eggs from the incubator, spraying water at the water spraying temperature of 30-35 ℃, cooling the eggs to the shell surface temperature to 25-30 ℃ after spraying water, pushing the incubator after the surface layers of the eggshells are completely dried, and closing the door to enter a normal incubation program.
Further, the method for cooling eggs by spraying water in summer comprises the following steps: and (3) pulling out the duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water at the water spraying temperature of 25-30 ℃, pushing the duck eggs back to the incubator after spraying water, naturally cooling the duck eggs in the incubator for 20-30 minutes, and closing the door to enter a normal incubation program.
Further, the mode of spraying water in summer and ventilating cool eggs is as follows: pulling out the duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water at 25-30deg.C, cooling the duck eggs to the surface temperature of the shell to 25-30deg.C, completely drying the surface layer of eggshell, pushing into the incubator, and closing the door to enter into normal incubation program
Further, before the first water spraying for cooling eggs, the eggs are firstly kept stand for 10 minutes after being pulled out, so that the eggs are naturally cooled.
Further, the water spraying quantity of the cool eggs sprayed every time in any season of spring, summer, autumn and winter is 20L of water/incubator, and 1.26 ten thousand eggs are hatched in each incubator.
Further, bacterial poisoning is added in the water spray, and the volume percentage of the bacterial poisoning to the purified water is 1:500.
Further, in the hatching process of the muscovy duck hatching eggs, the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 50-60%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method for improving the hatching rate of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks, when water spraying and egg cooling are explored, the optimal water spraying temperature in summer is 25-30 ℃, and the optimal water spraying temperature in other three seasons is 30-35 ℃; meanwhile, a method for improving the hatching effect of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks is explored from the seasonal aspect for the first time, the cooling eggs are determined to be started from the 7 th day of hatching in summer, the cooling eggs are sprayed once every day on the 7 th to 16 th days of hatching of the hatching ducks, the cooling eggs are sprayed once every day on the 17 th day of hatching of the hatching ducks to the embryo egg tray, the hatching effect is optimal, and the emergence rate and the healthy seedling rate can be up to 95% and 92% respectively; in other three seasons (spring, autumn and winter), the eggs are cooled from the 9 th day of incubation until the embryo eggs fall down, water is sprayed for cooling the eggs once every day, the incubation effect is optimal, the spring and winter emergence rate and the seedling strengthening rate are respectively up to 95% and 92%, and the autumn emergence rate and the seedling strengthening rate are respectively up to 93% and 90%; the hatching efficiency of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks is remarkably improved, and the practicability is high.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention will be given with reference to specific embodiments, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention which can be implemented.
The source of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks in the following examples is a group of healthy and bred muscovy ducks, and the test is carried out in the same hatching factory.
Example 1
A hatching method for hatching eggs of Muscovy ducks in summer (5-7 months) uses 1.26 ten thousand Muscovy ducks hatching eggs for hatching, and the specific hatching process is as follows:
The eggs are not cooled after the breeding ducks are hatched for 0 to 6 days; the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 50% -60%;
Spraying water for cooling eggs once every day for 20 minutes at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ when the eggs of the ducks are hatched in 7-16 days, wherein the water temperature is 30 ℃ in the embodiment, and the water spraying amount is as follows: 20L of water/incubator, 1.26 ten thousand eggs are hatched in each incubator;
The method for cooling eggs by spraying water comprises the following steps: and (3) pulling out the duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water, pushing the duck eggs back to the incubator after spraying water, naturally cooling the duck eggs in the incubator for 20-30 minutes, and closing the door to enter a normal incubation program.
Wherein, after the egg cart (incubator) is pulled out, the egg workshop should be kept a proper distance so as to cool the eggs sufficiently; before the first water spraying for cooling eggs (7 th day of incubation), the eggs are placed for 10 minutes for transition time after being pulled out, and naturally cooled;
on the 17 th to 31 th days (generally considered that embryo eggs are dropped on a tray at the 32 th day, so that the eggs are cooled until the tray is dropped at the stage), water is sprayed and ventilated for cooling the eggs once a day, the cooling time is 60 to 120 minutes (8 points to 10 points earlier) each time, the water spraying temperature is 30 ℃, and the water spraying amount is: 20L of water/incubator;
the water spraying ventilation egg cooling mode is as follows: pulling out the duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water, cooling the duck eggs for 60-120 minutes until the temperature of the shell surface is reduced to 25-30 ℃ after spraying water, pushing the incubator after the eggshell surface is completely dried, and closing the door to enter a normal incubation program;
In the embodiment, the water spray can be added with bacterial poison, and the volume percentage of the bacterial poison to the purified water is 1:500;
during egg cooling, the air is prevented from flowing through the hall, and the egg is cooled (the ideal ambient temperature is 18-22 ℃) preferably when the temperature in the hatching chamber in the early morning does not reach 24 ℃.
In the hatching process of the muscovy ducks in the stage, the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 50-60%.
The embryo development condition, the folding condition and the door closing condition are concerned in the egg cooling process every day.
Example 2
A method for hatching eggs of Muscovy ducks in summer (5-7 months) is different from the method in the embodiment 1 in that the water spraying temperature of water spraying cooled eggs is 25 ℃.
Example 3
A method for hatching eggs of Muscovy ducks in summer (5-7 months) is different from the method in the embodiment 1 in that the water spraying temperature of water spraying cooled eggs is 35 ℃.
Example 4
A method for hatching a muscovy duck hatching egg in summer (5-7 months) is different from example 1 in that the hatching of the hatching duck egg is started on day 8 until the hatching egg falls on a tray.
Example 5
A method for hatching a muscovy duck hatching egg in summer (5-7 months) is different from example 1 in that the hatching of the hatching duck egg is started on day 9 until the hatching egg falls on a tray.
Example 6
A hatching method for hatching eggs of Muscovy ducks in winter (11-1 month) uses 1.26 ten thousand Muscovy ducks hatching eggs for hatching, and the specific hatching process is as follows:
the eggs are not cooled after the breeding ducks are hatched for 0 to 8 days; the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 50% -60%;
On the 9 th to 31 th days (generally, the embryo eggs are considered to fall on a tray at the 32 th day, so that the eggs are cooled until falling on the tray) of the hatching eggs, water is sprayed once a day, the time for cooling the eggs is 60 to 120 minutes each time, the water temperature is 30 to 35 ℃, the water temperature is 35 ℃ in the embodiment, and the water spraying amount is as follows: 20L of water/incubator, 1.26 ten thousand eggs are hatched in each incubator;
Wherein, after the egg cart (incubator) is pulled out, the egg workshop should be kept a proper distance so as to cool the eggs sufficiently; before the first water spraying for cooling eggs (on the 9 th day of incubation), the eggs are placed for 10 minutes for transition time after being pulled out, and naturally cooled;
The method for spraying water to cool eggs comprises the following steps: pulling out the duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water, cooling the duck eggs for 60-120 minutes until the temperature of the shell surface is reduced to 25-30 ℃ after spraying water, pushing the incubator after the eggshell surface is completely dried, and closing the door to enter a normal incubation program;
In the embodiment, the water spray can be added with bacterial poison, and the volume percentage of the bacterial poison to the purified water is 1:500;
during egg cooling, the air is prevented from flowing through the hall, and the egg is cooled (the ideal ambient temperature is 18-22 ℃) preferably when the temperature in the hatching chamber in the early morning does not reach 24 ℃.
In the hatching process of the muscovy ducks in the stage, the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 50-60%.
The embryo development condition, the folding condition and the door closing condition are concerned in the egg cooling process every day.
Example 7
A method for hatching a muscovy duck hatching egg in winter (11-1 month) is different from example 6 in that the hatching of the hatching duck egg is started on day 7 until the hatching egg falls on a tray.
Example 8
A method for hatching a muscovy duck hatching egg in winter (11-1 month) is different from example 6 in that the hatching of the hatching duck egg is started on day 8 until the hatching egg falls on a tray.
Example 9
The method for hatching the muscovy duck hatching eggs in spring (2-4 months) is the same as that in the embodiment 1, namely, the hatching of the hatching duck eggs is carried out in 7-16 days, water is sprayed once a day, the air is blown into the hatching eggs in 17-31 days, and the cooling time, the water spraying temperature, the water spraying amount and the like in different stages are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Example 10
The method for hatching the muscovy duck hatching eggs in spring (2-4 months) is the same as that in the embodiment 6, namely, water is sprayed to cool the hatching eggs on the 9 th day of hatching of the hatching duck eggs, and the water is sprayed to cool the hatching eggs once every day until the 31 th day, and the time, the water spraying temperature, the water spraying amount and the like of the hatching eggs are the same as those in the embodiment 6.
Example 11
The method for hatching the muscovy duck hatching eggs in autumn (8-10 months) is the same as that in the embodiment 1, namely, the hatching of the hatching duck eggs is carried out in 7-16 days, water is sprayed once a day, the cooling of the hatching duck eggs is carried out in 17-31 days, water is sprayed once a day, and the cooling time, the water spraying temperature, the water spraying amount and the like in different stages are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Example 12
The method for hatching the muscovy duck hatching eggs in autumn (8-10 months) is the same as that in the embodiment 6, namely water is sprayed to cool the hatching eggs on the 9 th day of hatching of the hatching duck eggs, the water is sprayed to cool the hatching eggs once every day, and the time, the water spraying temperature, the water spraying amount and the like of the hatching eggs are the same as those in the embodiment 6 until the 31 th day.
The hatching effect of the above examples 1 to 12 was counted, and the results are shown in Table 1;
Table 1 comparative table of hatching effects of examples 1 to 12
As can be seen from table 1, the invention provides a more optimized hatching method for the muscovy duck hatching eggs in different seasons, for example, when hatching the muscovy duck hatching eggs in summer, the hatching process is started on the 7 th day of hatching the hatching eggs, and when hatching the muscovy duck hatching eggs in other seasons (spring, autumn and winter), the hatching effect is optimal when hatching the muscovy duck hatching eggs in 9 th day of hatching; and the related test is carried out on the water spraying temperature in the water spraying cool eggs, and the result shows that the water spraying temperature in summer is 25-30 ℃, the water spraying temperature in winter, spring and autumn is 30-35 ℃, and the hatching effect is good; the method is characterized in that the cooling treatment is started on the 7 th day of incubation of duck eggs in summer, water is sprayed for cooling the duck eggs once every day on the 7 th to 16 th days of incubation, the cooling time is 20 minutes each time, water is sprayed for ventilation once every day on the 17 th to 31 th days of incubation, the cooling time is 60 to 120 minutes each time, the water spraying temperature is 30 ℃, the water spraying quantity is 20L when water is sprayed into an incubator, the emergence rate and the healthy seedling rate can respectively reach 95% and 92%, the cooling treatment is started on the 9 th day of incubation of the duck eggs in winter and spring until the duck eggs fall, the cooling time is once every day, the water spraying temperature is 60 to 120 minutes each time, the water spraying temperature is 35 ℃ and the cooling treatment is started on the 9 th day of incubation of the duck eggs in autumn, the water spraying time is one time each time, the cooling time is 60 to 120 minutes each time, and the water spraying temperature is 35 ℃ and the emergence rate and the healthy seedling rate can respectively reach 93% and 90%. The hatching egg hatching method obviously improves the hatching rate and the healthy seedling number of the muscovy ducks, has high process production efficiency and can better meet market demands.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the hatching rate of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks is characterized in that in the hatching process of the muscovy ducks, according to the season of hatching, the hatching of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks is started until the hatching eggs fall on a tray in 7-9 days; the muscovy ducks are hatched in different seasons, and the first water spraying and egg cooling time is as follows: summer season: 5-7 months, beginning to spray water for cooling the eggs on the 7 th day of incubation of the breeding duck eggs, and spraying water for cooling the eggs once every day on the 7 th-16 th day of incubation of the breeding duck eggs; spraying water to cool the eggs once every day from the 17 th day of incubation to the embryo egg tray; any one of spring, autumn and winter: spraying water to cool the eggs on the 9 th day of hatching of the breeding ducks, and spraying water to cool the eggs once every day until the embryo eggs fall on a tray; the method for cooling eggs by spraying water in summer comprises the following steps: pulling out the duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water at 25-30 ℃, pushing the duck eggs back to the incubator after spraying water, naturally cooling the duck eggs in a hall of the incubator for 20-30 minutes, closing the door, and entering a normal incubation program, wherein the mode of spraying water in summer for ventilating and cooling the eggs is as follows: pulling out the eggs from the incubator, spraying water at 25-30 ℃, cooling the eggs to the surface temperature of the shell to 25-30 ℃ after spraying water, pushing the incubator after the surface layer of the eggshell is completely dried, and closing the door to enter a normal incubation program;
The water spraying quantity of the cool eggs sprayed in any season of spring, summer, autumn and winter is 20L of water/incubator, and 1.26 ten thousand eggs are hatched in each incubator; the water spray is added with bacterial poison, and the volume percentage of the bacterial poison to the purified water is 1:500.
2. The method for improving the hatching rate of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks according to claim 1, wherein: the method for spraying water to cool eggs in any one of spring, autumn and winter comprises the following steps: and (3) pulling out the eggs from the incubator, spraying water at the water spraying temperature of 30-35 ℃, cooling the eggs to the shell surface temperature to 25-30 ℃ after spraying water, pushing the incubator after the surface layers of the eggshells are completely dried, and closing the door to enter a normal incubation program.
3. The method for improving the hatching rate of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: before the first water spraying for cooling, the duck eggs are firstly stood for 10 minutes after being pulled out, so that the duck eggs are naturally cooled.
4. The method for improving the hatching rate of the hatching eggs of the muscovy ducks according to claim 1, wherein: in the hatching process of the muscovy duck hatching eggs, the temperature in a hatching chamber is controlled at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 50-60%.
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