CN113364349A - Train wheel set monitoring device - Google Patents
Train wheel set monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113364349A CN113364349A CN202110758312.9A CN202110758312A CN113364349A CN 113364349 A CN113364349 A CN 113364349A CN 202110758312 A CN202110758312 A CN 202110758312A CN 113364349 A CN113364349 A CN 113364349A
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- wheel shaft
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
- G01M17/10—Suspensions, axles or wheels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a train wheel set monitoring device, and belongs to the technical field of new energy and rail vehicle monitoring. The wheel shaft is arranged on the frame, and magnets are arranged on the frame and the shell end cover; the rotary table provided with the energy capturing cavity group and the electric control cavity is arranged on the wheel shaft, a circuit board is arranged in the electric control cavity, and the two energy capturing cavities in the energy capturing cavity group are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rotary table and are communicated through the guide holes; the end part of the energy harvesting cavity is provided with a composite vibrator and a diaphragm, and a piezoelectric plate and a friction plate are respectively bonded on two sides of a substrate of the composite vibrator; an exciter is arranged in the guide hole and abuts against the diaphragm; the acting force between the exciter and the fixed magnets on two axial sides of the exciter is opposite, and the magnetic pole configuration directions of two groups of fixed magnets adjacent on the circumference are opposite; the base plate and the piezoelectric sheet form a piezoelectric energy harvesting unit, the base plate, the friction layer and the diaphragm form a friction energy harvesting unit, each energy harvesting unit converts mechanical energy into electric energy and supplies the electric energy to the sensor when the wheel shaft rotates, and the sensor obtains wheel shaft parameters in real time and emits the parameters through the wireless emission system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit monitoring and new energy, and particularly relates to a train wheel set monitoring device which is used for health monitoring of rail train wheel sets of high-speed rails, subways and the like.
Background
The wheel set is a key component of the railway vehicle, and the health condition of the wheel set is ensured by regular maintenance and overhaul in the past. With the continuous improvement of the running speed of urban rail trains and high-speed railway vehicles and the improvement of safety consciousness of people, the research on real-time online monitoring technology of wheel sets during the running of the vehicles is widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad, and various aspects such as the temperature, the rotating speed, the dynamic rigidity, the abrasion, the vibration and the like of shafts and wheel axles need to be monitored in real time. For a train wheel set monitoring system, an ideal method is to install various sensing monitoring systems on or close to a wheel set, so as to realize direct online monitoring of the running state of the system; however, this monitoring scheme is difficult to be popularized and applied because it cannot provide reliable and sufficient power supply for the sensing and monitoring system, because: the gear train is in a motion state, high-frequency jolt vibration exists between the gear train and the carriage, and the gear train is inconvenient to install and low in reliability when a cable is adopted for power supply; if the battery is adopted for power supply, the battery needs to be frequently replaced due to the limited service life, and effective monitoring can not be realized even serious potential safety hazards are caused when the battery is not replaced in time due to insufficient electric quantity.
The wheel set health monitoring is generally carried out by adopting a non-real-time and indirect measuring method in the past, namely, a sensing monitoring system is arranged on a roadbed and does not move along with a vehicle body or rotate along with a wheel axle. In order to solve the power supply problem of a train shafting real-time monitoring system, domestic and foreign scholars provide a microminiature piezoelectric generator which can be integrated with the monitoring system, but because of the reasons that the inherent frequency of a piezoelectric vibrator in the existing generator is low, the additional mass or the magnet directly acts on the piezoelectric vibrator, the amplitude difference between resonance and non-resonance is overlarge, and the like, the currently researched and developed generator has low reliability and narrow effective bandwidth and is not suitable for the working environment of the generator rotating along with wheels.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a train wheel set monitoring device, which is used for health monitoring of a rail train wheel set, and adopts the following implementation scheme: the wheel axle is installed on the frame through the bearing, and the end cover is installed through the screw in the tip of frame casing, all is equipped with a set of fixed magnet that uses the axle center of wheel axle as the center on frame founds the wall and the end cover, and fixed magnet is along the circumferencial direction equipartition and its and the distance of the axle center of wheel axle equals, and fixed magnet is cylindrical magnet or arc magnet.
The turntable is arranged on the wheel shaft, the shaft hole of the turntable is sleeved on the wheel shaft and is connected with the wheel shaft through a flat key, the pressing plate is arranged at the end part of the wheel shaft through a screw and presses the turntable on the inner ring of the bearing, and a shaft sleeve is arranged between the turntable and the inner ring of the bearing; the turntable or the wheel shaft is provided with a sensor which is a vibration sensor, a rotating speed sensor, an acceleration sensor or a temperature sensor.
The rotary table is provided with at least one energy capturing cavity group consisting of two energy capturing cavities and at least one electric control cavity, a circuit board is arranged in the electric control cavity, and the two energy capturing cavities in the energy capturing cavity group are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rotary table and are communicated with the damping hole through the guide hole.
The bottom of the energy harvesting cavity is provided with a composite vibrator and a diaphragm, the diaphragm is circular, and the composite vibrator is a single annular vibrator or a plurality of fan-shaped vibrators; the piezoelectric plate and the friction plate are respectively bonded on two sides of the base plate of the composite vibrator, the base plate, the insulating pad and the diaphragm of the composite vibrator are sequentially pressed on the end part of the energy harvesting cavity by the pressure ring, the friction plate is positioned on one side of the diaphragm, and the thicknesses of the friction plate and the insulating pad are equal; the friction plate is attached to the diaphragm under the natural state that the diaphragm is not influenced by external force; the substrate and the diaphragm are made of metal, specifically copper, beryllium bronze or aluminum; the friction plate is made of nonmetal, specifically polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide; the composite vibrator and the diaphragm adjacent to the composite vibrator form a transducer.
An exciter is arranged in the guide hole, the exciter is a roller or a ball made of ferromagnetic materials, and the distance between the exciter and the fixed magnet is equal to the distance between the exciter and the center of the wheel shaft; when the exciter is a ball, two symmetrical tangent planes are arranged on the exciter, namely two ball segments are symmetrically cut off; the exciter is propped against the diaphragm, and two ends of the roller type exciter or a tangent plane of the ball type exciter are propped against the diaphragm; the acting force between the exciter and the fixed magnets on the two axial sides of the exciter is opposite, namely the exciter is attracted with the fixed magnet on one side of the exciter and repelled with the fixed magnet on the other side of the exciter; the magnetic pole configuration directions of two groups of fixed magnets adjacent on the circumference are opposite, namely one group of fixed magnets enable the exciter to move leftwards, and the other group of fixed magnets enable the exciter to move rightwards; the diaphragm, the exciter and the energy harvesting cavity form a damping cavity; the exciter and two transducers adjacent to the exciter on the left and right constitute a vibration unit.
The substrate and the piezoelectric sheet form a piezoelectric energy harvesting unit, the substrate, the friction layer and the diaphragm form a friction energy harvesting unit, the piezoelectric energy harvesting unit and the friction energy harvesting unit are connected with a circuit board through different lead sets and a rectifier bridge, and the circuit board is connected with a sensor on a wheel shaft or a rotary disc through leads.
When the vibration exciter works, the wheel shaft drives the rotary table and the vibration unit arranged on the rotary table to rotate together, the position and the interaction force between the exciter and the fixed magnets on the two sides of the exciter are changed alternately, the exciter swings in the guide hole and reciprocates along the axis of the rotary table, so that the diaphragm is forced to bend and deform in a reciprocating manner, and the diaphragm drives the composite vibrator to bend and deform in a reciprocating manner and to alternately contact and separate with the diaphragm; in the process that the composite vibrator is bent and deformed in a reciprocating mode and alternately contacts and separates with the diaphragm, the piezoelectric energy harvesting unit and the friction energy harvesting unit convert mechanical energy into electric energy, the generated electric energy is processed by a conversion circuit on the circuit board and then is supplied to the sensor, and the sensor obtains temperature, rotating speed or vibration information of the wheel shaft in real time and emits the information through the wireless emitting system.
The diaphragm is made of beryllium bronze, in order to improve the effective bandwidth of the vibration unit, the natural frequency of the vibration unit is not lower than the excitation frequency, the required natural frequency of the vibration unit can be obtained through the thickness design of the diaphragm when other conditions are determined, and the reasonable thickness of the diaphragm is as follows:
wherein: m and xi are respectively the equivalent mass and damping ratio of the vibration unit, kpN and N are the rotating speed of the rotary disc and the total number of the fixed magnets respectively, R is a diaphragm radius, and eta is a coefficient related to the diaphragm radius ratio, wherein the diaphragm radius ratio is the ratio of the radius R of a contact part of the exciter and the diaphragm N to the radius R of the diaphragm, and R/R is 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/9 and 1/10, and eta is 1.4983, 1.2018, 1.0488, 0.9561, 0.8574 and 0.8138; in order to avoid obvious resonance of the vibration unit and improve the reliability and the effective bandwidth, the required damping ratio xi can be obtained by adjusting the diameter of the damping hole and the height of the damping cavity.
Advantages and features: the rigidity and the damping of the system can be adjusted through the structural size design of the diaphragm and the damping cavity, so that the system is prevented from generating obvious resonance, and has strong rotating speed adaptability and wide effective frequency band; the composite vibrator is deformed by unidirectional excitation in work, the piezoelectric sheet only bears compressive stress, damage caused by overlarge tensile stress is avoided, and reliability is high; the inertia force of the exciter acts on the rotary table, the vibration of the transducer is slightly or not influenced, the transducer cannot generate torsional deformation and sliding friction and abrasion due to the tangential force of the exciter, and therefore the rotary table type wind turbine generator is high in reliability and strong in generating capacity and is particularly suitable for high-rotating-speed occasions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a monitoring device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of section I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a turntable according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The wheel axle a is installed on the frame c through the bearing b, the end of the frame shell c1 is installed with the end cap d through the screw, the frame vertical wall c2 and the end cap d are both provided with a group of fixed magnets j taking the axle center of the wheel axle a as the center, the fixed magnets j are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the distance from the center of the fixed magnets j to the axle center of the wheel axle a is equal, and the fixed magnets j are cylindrical magnets or arc magnets.
The turntable f is arranged on the wheel shaft a, a shaft hole f1 of the turntable f is sleeved on the wheel shaft a and is connected with the wheel shaft a through a flat key h, a pressing plate e is arranged at the end part of the wheel shaft a through a screw and presses the turntable f on the inner ring of the bearing b, and a shaft sleeve g is arranged between the turntable f and the inner ring of the bearing b; the turntable f or the wheel shaft a is provided with a sensor s.
The rotary disk f is provided with at least one energy capturing cavity group consisting of two energy capturing cavities f2 and at least one electric control cavity f3, a circuit board p is installed in the electric control cavity f3, and the two energy capturing cavities f2 in the energy capturing cavity group are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rotary disk f and are communicated with the damping hole f5 through guide holes f 4.
The bottom of the energy harvesting cavity f2 is provided with a composite vibrator i and a diaphragm n, the diaphragm n is circular, and the composite vibrator i is a single annular vibrator or a plurality of fan-shaped vibrators; a piezoelectric plate i2 and a friction plate i3 are respectively bonded on two sides of a substrate i1 of the composite vibrator i, the substrate i1, an insulating pad o and a diaphragm n of the composite vibrator i are sequentially pressed and connected to the end of the energy trapping cavity f2 by a pressing ring m, the friction plate i3 is located on one side of the diaphragm n, and the thickness of the friction plate i3 is equal to that of the insulating pad o; in a natural state that the diaphragm n is not affected by external force, the friction plate i3 is attached to the diaphragm n; the diaphragm n is made of metal, specifically copper, beryllium bronze or aluminum; the friction plate i3 is made of nonmetal, specifically polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide; the composite vibrator i and the diaphragm n adjacent thereto constitute a transducer H.
An exciter k is arranged in the guide hole f4, the exciter k is a roller or a ball made of ferromagnetic materials, and the distance between the exciter k and the fixed magnet j is equal to the distance between the exciter k and the axis of the wheel axle a; when the exciter k is a ball, two symmetrical tangent planes are arranged on the ball, namely two ball segments are symmetrically cut off; the exciter k is abutted against the diaphragm n, and two ends of the roller type exciter k or a tangent plane of the ball type exciter k are abutted against the diaphragm n; the acting force between the exciter k and the fixed magnets j on two axial sides of the exciter k is opposite, namely the exciter k is attracted with the fixed magnets j on one side of the exciter k and repelled with the fixed magnets j on the other side of the exciter k; the magnetic pole configuration directions of two groups of fixed magnets j adjacent on the circumference are opposite, namely one group of fixed magnets j enable the exciter k to move leftwards, and the other group of fixed magnets j enable the exciter k to move rightwards; the diaphragm n, the exciter k and the energy harvesting cavity f2 form a damping cavity C, and the exciter k and two transducers H adjacent to the exciter k on the left and right form a vibration unit Z.
The substrate i1 and the piezoelectric sheet i2 form a piezoelectric energy capturing unit, the substrate i1, the friction layer i3 and the diaphragm n form a friction energy capturing unit, each group of piezoelectric energy capturing units and friction energy capturing units are connected with a circuit board p through different lead groups and rectifier bridges, the circuit board p is connected with a sensor s on a wheel axle a or a rotating disk f through leads, and the sensor s is a vibration sensor, a rotating speed sensor, an acceleration sensor or a temperature sensor.
When the composite vibrator is in work, the wheel shaft a drives the rotary table f and the vibration unit Z arranged on the rotary table f to rotate together, the relative position and the interaction force between the exciter k and the fixed magnets j on the two sides of the exciter k are changed alternately, the exciter k reciprocates in the guide hole f4 along the axial direction of the rotary table f and forces the diaphragm n to perform reciprocating bending deformation, and therefore the composite vibrator i generates reciprocating bending deformation and generates alternate contact and separation with the diaphragm n; in the process that the composite vibrator i is bent and deformed in a reciprocating mode and alternately contacts and separates with the diaphragm n, the piezoelectric energy harvesting unit and the friction energy harvesting unit convert mechanical energy into electric energy, the generated electric energy is processed by a conversion circuit on the circuit board p and then is supplied to a sensor s, and the sensor s obtains temperature, rotating speed or vibration information of the wheel shaft in real time and emits the information through a wireless emitting system.
The diaphragm n is made of beryllium bronze, in order to improve the effective bandwidth of the vibration unit Z, the natural frequency of the vibration unit Z is not lower than the excitation frequency, the required natural frequency of the vibration unit Z can be obtained through the thickness design of the diaphragm n when other conditions are determined, and the reasonable thickness of the diaphragm n is as follows:
wherein: m and xi are respectively the equivalent mass and damping ratio, k, of the vibration unit ZpN and N are the number of revolutions of the turntable f and the total number of the fixed magnets j, R is the radius of the diaphragm N, η is a coefficient related to the diaphragm radius ratio, which is the ratio of the radius R of the contact part of the exciter k and the diaphragm N to the radius R of the diaphragm N, and R/R is 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/9, 1/10 η is 1.4983, 1.2018, 1.0488, 0.9561,0.8574, 0.8138; in order to avoid obvious resonance of the vibration unit Z and improve the reliability and the effective bandwidth, the required damping ratio xi can be obtained by adjusting the diameter of the damping hole f5 and the height of the damping cavity C.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a train wheel pair monitoring devices which characterized in that: the wheel shaft is arranged on the frame, and the end cover on the frame shell and the vertical wall of the frame are both provided with a group of fixed magnets; the turntable is arranged on the wheel shaft, and a sensor is arranged on the turntable or the wheel shaft; the rotary table is provided with an energy harvesting cavity group and an electric control cavity provided with a circuit board, and two energy harvesting cavities in the energy harvesting cavity group are arranged on two sides of the rotary table and are communicated with the damping hole through a guide hole; the end part of the energy harvesting cavity is provided with an energy converter consisting of a composite vibrator and a diaphragm, a piezoelectric plate and a friction plate are respectively bonded on two sides of a substrate of the composite vibrator, and the friction plate is positioned on one side of the diaphragm; an exciter is arranged in the guide hole and abuts against the diaphragm; the acting force between the exciter and the fixed magnets on two axial sides of the exciter is opposite, and the magnetic pole configuration directions of two groups of fixed magnets adjacent on the circumference are opposite; the diaphragm, the exciter and the energy harvesting cavity form a damping cavity, and the exciter and the energy converter form a vibration unit; the base plate and the piezoelectric sheet form a piezoelectric energy harvesting unit, the base plate, the friction layer and the diaphragm form a friction energy harvesting unit, electric energy generated by each energy harvesting unit when the wheel shaft rotates is processed by the conversion circuit and then supplied to the sensor, and the sensor obtains wheel shaft parameters in real time and emits the parameters through the wireless emission system.
2. The train wheelset monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: the exciter is a roller or ball made of ferromagnetic material, and the distance between the exciter and the fixed magnet is equal to the distance between the exciter and the axis of the wheel axle; when the exciter is a ball, two symmetrical tangent planes are arranged on the exciter, and two ends of the roller type exciter or the tangent planes of the ball type exciter abut against the diaphragm.
3. A train wheelset monitoring device as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein: the friction plate is attached to the diaphragm under the natural state that the diaphragm is not influenced by external force; the diaphragm is made of copper, beryllium bronze or aluminum, and the friction plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide.
4. The train wheelset monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric energy capturing unit and the friction energy capturing unit are connected with a circuit board through different lead groups and a rectifier bridge, and the circuit board is connected with the sensor through leads.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110758312.9A CN113364349B (en) | 2021-07-05 | 2021-07-05 | Train wheel set monitoring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110758312.9A CN113364349B (en) | 2021-07-05 | 2021-07-05 | Train wheel set monitoring device |
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| CN113364349A true CN113364349A (en) | 2021-09-07 |
| CN113364349B CN113364349B (en) | 2022-12-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110758312.9A Active CN113364349B (en) | 2021-07-05 | 2021-07-05 | Train wheel set monitoring device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114427586A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-03 | 中南大学 | Railway roadbed dynamic energy harvesting vibration damper based on carbon neutralization concept |
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2021
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| CN114427586B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-10-14 | 中南大学 | Railway roadbed dynamic energy harvesting vibration damper based on carbon neutralization concept |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN113364349B (en) | 2022-12-06 |
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