Background technology
Bore the health monitoring systems power demands of the rotary body such as main shaft and bearing assembly thereof for satisfying helicopter screw propeller/automobile tire/aero-engine/bullet train/oil gas, Chinese scholars has proposed rotary piezoelectricity and the electromagnetic type microminiature generator of various ways.Comparatively speaking, the rotary electric magnetic generator is very ripe and be widely used, but because can producing electromagnetic interference in power generation process, it is unsuitable for being the power supply of wireless sensing monitoring system, in addition, electromagnetic generator needs mover and stator to do that relative motion and moving/stator dimensions is suitable, therefore complex structure, volume are large, can't or inconvenience be used for the small and tele-control system that some need to be mutually integrated with generator and rotary body, especially be unsuitable for automobile tire, cantilever main shaft etc. without the occasion of fixed support.By comparison, the sheet type piezoelectric vibrator because of simple in structure, volume is little and can be integrated with rotary body, therefore be considered to construct the effective ways of microminiature rotary generator.
According to energisation mode, early stage rotary piezoelectric generator mainly comprises 3 large classes: (1) inertia-powered formula, utilize the variation that is subjected to force direction in the piezoelectric vibrator rotation process to make its flexural deformation, the method is simple in structure, but only being suitable for low speed (when especially sparing high speed rotating, can't produce double-deformation alternately because centrifugal force is excessive at a high speed) and rotary state cataclysm will make piezoelectric vibrator damage because stressed/deformed is excessive; (ii) dial type utilizes rotating mechanism to stir piezoelectric vibrator, needs the two to relatively rotate, and impact/noise is larger when being unsuitable for automobile tire etc. without the occasion of fixed support and high speed; (iii) impacting type, the steel ball bump piezoelectric vibrator that utilizes rotation to fall, the method also is only applicable to the lower occasion of rotating speed and has greater impact/noise and possible bump damage.Obviously, above-mentioned along rotary body direction of rotation excitation, namely circumferentially encourage the method for piezoelectric vibrator generating to become the technical bottleneck of its practical application of restriction, be unsuitable at a high speed, at the uniform velocity, and the limited occasion of usage space/structure.Therefore, people have proposed again the New Rotary piezoelectric generator based on the magnetic couple excitation, such as Chinese patent 201210319215.0,201210320165.8,201210318782.4,201210318930.2 etc., have without impacting and noise, the advantages such as rotating speed is adaptable, but must be by the effective excitation that relatively rotates the realization piezoelectric vibrator between bearing pedestal or bearing cap etc. " fixture " and axle class " rotary body " during the work of these generators, therefore can't be used for the rotary body power generation needs of " without fixed support ", such as the blade of rotation wind driven generator, automobile tire, and all kinds of overhanging cantilever-rotating axles etc.In addition, existing some generator adopts is that wide Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams and its stiff end diameter are less than the free-ended diameter that magnet is installed, therefore can occur a plurality of obvious vibration peaks when being subjected to pulse excitation, STRESS VARIATION is large in the piezoelectric vibrator work, reliability is low, effective speed belt is narrow thereby make; Most critical be, when placing magnet centrifugal force on the piezoelectric vibrator excessive, can reduce its axial vibration displacement, even remain on the equilbrium position during high rotating speed, piezoelectric vibrator can't generate electricity this moment.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of based on the spacing axle head hanging type piezoelectric beam generator of clamping, for screw/automotive wheel, cantilevered axle etc. revolve without fixed support or the strong point from the distant health monitoring systems power demands of turning of axle head, to solve the existing problem that the existing generating efficiency of rotary piezoelectric generator is low, reliability is low, effective speed belt is narrow or piezoelectric vibrator can't generate electricity.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: left end cap and right end cap are installed in the housing two ends by screw respectively, and described left end cap, right end cap bottom inside are inlaid with respectively spacing ring one and bearing; The suspending hammer hammer body is fixed by screws in enclosure interior, and suspending hammer is provided with two spacing rings and a through hole, and described spacing ring is identical with the through hole center of circle; Be crimped with respectively fan-shaped piezoelectric vibrator between described left end cap, right end cap and housing, this piezoelectric vibrator is by metal substrate and piezoelectric chip is bonding forms, the other end of piezoelectric vibrator is clamped between the cusp of spacing ring one and spacing ring two, and the piezoelectric vibrator free end is equipped with circular magnet one by screw; The rotating shaft of rotor is installed on left end cap and the right end cap by bearing, and an end of described rotating shaft also is fixed with terminal pad by nut; Be inlaid with circular magnet two on the rotating disk of described rotor, described rotating disk and the magnet two that is mounted thereon place the through hole of suspending hammer; Described magnet two and piezoelectric vibrator end, left and right sides magnet one thereof are identical apart from the distance of spindle central; Be positioned at the pole configuration opposite direction of two adjacent magnet two on the rotating disk circumferencial direction, the polarity of the adjacent pole of the magnet one of piezoelectric vibrator end, magnet two left and right sides is opposite, and places the pole configuration direction of magnet one of magnet two the same sides identical.
The gravity of suspending hammer of the present invention should satisfy:
η wherein
nFor being installed in hammer body one, the quantity of magnet one and the greatest common divisor that is installed in the quantity of magnet two on the rotating disk on the side pressure electric tachometer indicator,
Be the central angle of hammer body, F
yFor producing maximum force in the circumferential direction of the circle between magnet two and the magnet one, R is that the center of magnet two and magnet one is to the distance of spindle central, R
GBe the distance of suspending hammer barycenter to spindle central.
Magnet one of the present invention should satisfy following relation with magnet two:
Q
0=4arcsin (r/R), wherein, μ
0Be permeability of vacuum, l is the axial distance between magnet one and magnet two adjacent magnetic poles, and L is two axial distances between magnet one adjacent pole, m
1, m
2Be respectively the magnetic moment of magnet one and magnet two, λ is the coefficient relevant with the structure of piezoelectric vibrator and material parameter, σ
*Be the tension stress of being permitted of piezoelectric, r, R are respectively magnet two radiuses and this magnet to the distance between spindle central, Q
0Be the angle between two adjacent magnet two centers and spindle central line on the rotating disk circumferencial direction.
Advantage of the present invention is novel structure, (1) utilize suspending hammer inertia force to make piezoelectric vibrator and end magnet thereof one keep relatively static and and the magnet two with dial rotation between produce relative rotation, the generating of excitation piezoelectric vibrator need not extraneous fixed support; (2) generator is the integrated form individual components, need not to change rotation body structure, is convenient to I﹠M; (3) piezoelectric vibrator is restricted by spacing ring, and high, the effective speed belt of reliability is wide; (4) the axial balanced configuration of piezoelectric vibrator, its vibration force is cancelled out each other, on rotary body without impact.
Embodiment
Left end cap 2 and right end cap 12 are installed in respectively the two ends of housing 1 by screw, described left end cap 2 and right end cap 12 bottom inside are inlaid with respectively spacing ring 1 and bearing 6; The hammer body 901 of suspending hammer 9 is fixed by screws in the inside of housing 1, and suspending hammer 9 is provided with two spacing rings 902 and a through hole 903, and described spacing ring 902 is identical with the center of circle of through hole 903; Be crimped with respectively fan-shaped piezoelectric vibrator 3 between described left end cap 2 and right end cap 12 and the housing 1, described piezoelectric vibrator 3 is by metal substrate 301 and piezoelectric chip 302 bonding forming, the other end of described piezoelectric vibrator 3 is clamped between the cusp of spacing ring 1 and spacing ring 2 902, and the free end of piezoelectric vibrator 3 also is equipped with circular magnet 1 by screw; The rotating shaft 701 of rotor 7 is installed on left end cap 2 and the right end cap 12 by bearing 6, and an end of described rotating shaft 701 also is fixed with terminal pad 10 by nut 11; Be inlaid with circular magnet 28 on the rotating disk 702 of described rotor 7, described rotating disk 702 and the magnet 28 that is mounted thereon place the through hole 903 of suspending hammer 9; Described magnet 28 and left and right sides piezoelectric vibrator 3 end magnet 1 thereof are identical apart from the distance at rotating shaft 701 centers; Be positioned at the pole configuration opposite direction of two adjacent magnet 28 on rotating disk 702 circumferencial directions, the polarity of the adjacent pole of the magnet 1 of magnet 28 left and right sides piezoelectric vibrators 3 ends is opposite, and places the pole configuration direction of magnet 1 of magnet 28 the same sides identical.
The gravity of suspending hammer of the present invention should satisfy:
η wherein
nBe the quantity be installed in magnet one on the hammer body one side pressure electric tachometer indicator and the greatest common divisor that is installed in the quantity of magnet two on the rotating disk, Q<150 ° are the central angle of hammer body, F
yFor producing maximum force in the circumferential direction of the circle between magnet two and the magnet one, R is that the center of magnet two and magnet one is to the distance of spindle central, R
GBe the distance of suspending hammer barycenter to spindle central.
Magnet one of the present invention should satisfy following relation with magnet two:
Q
0=4arcsin (r/R), wherein, μ
0Be permeability of vacuum, l is the axial distance between magnet one and magnet two adjacent magnetic poles, and L is two axial distances between magnet one adjacent pole, m
1, m
2Be respectively the magnetic moment of magnet one and magnet two, λ is the coefficient relevant with the structure of piezoelectric vibrator and material parameter, σ
*Be the tension stress of being permitted of piezoelectric, r, R are respectively magnet two radiuses and this magnet to the distance between spindle central, Q
0Be the angle between two adjacent magnet two centers and spindle central line on the rotating disk circumferencial direction.
In the course of work, terminal pad 10 is installed in the end of rotary body 1 by screw, and drives rotating disk 702 and magnet 28 together rotates with rotary body 1.When magnet 28 is underlapped in a circumferential direction near magnet 1 and described two magnet in a circumferential direction, produce directed force F in the circumferential direction of the circle between magnet 28 and the magnet 1
yThereby, produce the driving torque M that magnet 1 and suspending hammer 9 are rotated along rotating shaft 701
y, maximum when magnet 28 and magnet 1 driving moment when circumferencial direction " tangent ", be M
y=RF
y, wherein R is that the center of magnet 28 and magnet 1 is to the distance at rotating shaft 701 centers; Because the barycenter of suspending hammer under the initial condition 9 is positioned at rotating shaft 701 belows, when suspending hammer 9 because being subjected to driving torque M
yEffect turns over certain angle Q
1The time, the gravity G of suspending hammer 9 produces a reverse brake torque M
G=GR
GCosQ
1, R wherein
GBe the distance of suspending hammer 9 barycenter to rotating shaft 701 centers.
All the time be in the below at rotating
shaft 701 centers for the barycenter of guaranteeing suspending
hammer 9 in the generator course of work, should make when suspending
hammer 9 corners be Q
1=(180-Q)/2 the driving torque sum is less than or equal to brake torque between o'clock each magnet 28 and the
magnet 1,
The gravity that gets suspending
hammer 9 thus should satisfy:
η wherein
nFor being installed in the quantity n of the
magnet 1 on the
hammer body 901 1 side pressure electric tachometer indicators 3
aWith the quantity n that is installed in the magnet 28 on the rotating
disk 702
bGreatest common divisor, Q<150 ° are the central angle of
hammer body 901.
When suspending hammer 9 does not rotate with rotor 7, piezoelectric vibrator 3 and end magnet 1 thereof and placing between the magnet 28 on the rotating disk 702 produces relative rotation, and the overlapping area that changes magnet 1 and magnet 28 also makes active force between them according to ascending, more descending rule variation; The like pole of magnet 1 and magnet 28 mutually near the time produce repulsive force, opposite pole mutually near the time produce attraction, the repulsive force that alternately changes between described magnet and attraction force piezoelectric vibrator 3 to produce reciprocal axial bending distortion, thereby convert mechanical energy to electric energy.
In the above-mentioned course of work of generator, piezoelectric vibrator 3 suffered active forces are the interaction force of 28 of
magnet 1 and magnet.
Left side magnet 1 is as example in Fig. 1, and its suffered total external force is:
Wherein :+,-number represent respectively attraction and repulsive force,
Be the active force between
magnet 1 and the magnet 28,
Be the axial attraction between two
magnet 1, η
S Be magnet 1 and single or two overlapping areas between the adjacent magnet 28 of the rotating
disk 702 circumferencial directions ratio with the magnet gross area, l is the axial distance between
magnet 1 and magnet 28 adjacent poles, L is two axial distances between magnet one 5 adjacent poles, m
1, m
2Be respectively the magnetic moment of
magnet 1 and magnet 28, μ
0Be permeability of vacuum.When
magnet 1 and magnet 28 central lines, Area Ratio is η
S=1, and the suffered attraction of
magnet 1 is greater than repulsive force, therefore piezoelectric vibrator 3 suffered maximum forces are
For guaranteeing that
piezoelectric chip 302 at work not because bearing excessive tension stress damage, should make
Wherein λ is the coefficient relevant with the structure of piezoelectric vibrator 3 and material parameter, σ
*Allowable tensile stress for piezoelectric.
Produce attraction and the repulsive force that alternately changes between magnet 1 and the magnet 28 for making, among the present invention magnet 1 not should be positioned at rotating disk 702 on two adjacent magnets 28 overlap simultaneously, be another " incision " when one in two adjacent magnets 28 " cuts out " with magnet 1 on the rotating disk 702, Area Ratio at this moment should be η
s=0, therefore the angle between two adjacent magnet 28 centers and rotating shaft 701 lines of centres should be Q on rotating disk 702 circumferencial directions
0=4arcsin (r/R), wherein r, R are respectively in magnet 28 radiuses and this magnet and the rotating shaft 701 distance in the heart.Under this mode of operation, what piezoelectric vibrator 3 bore is harmonic excitation, therefore only can resonate when its natural frequency; On the contrary, cantilever beam type piezoelectric vibrator generator for the clamping of existing infinite place ring, for avoiding mutually adsorbing between magnet, damaging piezoelectric vibrator, can only adopt the method excitation of repulsion, its energisation mode is the periodic shock excitation, therefore the cantilever beam type piezoelectric vibrator all formant can occur when the integral multiple of its natural frequency or integer/one times, amplitude is excessive during resonance easily causes the piezoelectric vibrator damage and may can not satisfy instructions for use because of amplitude and the brownout that generates during off-resonance.
In addition, piezoelectric vibrator 3 is because being subjected to the cusp clamping of spacing ring 1 and spacing ring 2 902 among the present invention, cusp around described spacing ring when being subjected to External Force Acting rotates, compare its bending rigidity with the cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators of infinite place ring and natural frequency is high, the free end axial deflection is little, therefore the voltage of two kinds of different operating mode piezoelectric vibrators-rotary speed property is different, namely the Vg-n characteristic curve among Fig. 5 is different.ZL and XL are respectively the voltage response of restraining position ring block piezoelectric vibrator among conventional cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrator and the present invention among Fig. 5, as can be seen from the figure, a plurality of rotating speeds that make output voltage peak value occur are arranged in the ZL curve, and maximum and minimum voltage differs larger, easily makes piezoelectric vibrator cross the demand that is difficult to again satisfy real-time power supply when hanging down because being out of shape excessive and cracked minimum voltage when maximum voltage is too high; Comparatively speaking, the maximum of XL curve and the difference of minimum voltage are less, and namely piezoelectric vibrator is less in the fluctuation of whole rotating speed territory internal stress during restraining position ring block, and piezoelectric vibrator is unlikely because being out of shape excessive the damage, therefore high, the effective speed belt of reliability is wide.In the 100-900r/min scope, the magnitude of voltage of XL curve is all greater than the required 5V supply power voltage of sensing and monitoring system, and the voltage of ZL curve after rotating speed is greater than 500r/min all is lower than 5V, but so adopts spacing ring to limit reliability and effective speed belt width of the deflection Effective Raise piezoelectric vibrator of piezoelectric vibrator among the present invention.
In the present invention, utilize the inertia force of suspending hammer 9 make the magnet 1 that is installed in piezoelectric vibrator 3 ends keep in a circumferential direction relative to static and and the magnet 28 that rotates with rotating disk 702 between produce relative rotation, realize effective excitation and the generating of piezoelectric vibrator, need not extraneous fixed support; This generator is parts independently, need not to change rotation body structure in the use procedure, and is convenient to I﹠M; Piezoelectric vibrator is because being restricted by spacing ring, therefore high, the effective speed belt of the reliability of generator is wide.