CN103248269B - Wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator based on clamping limit - Google Patents
Wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator based on clamping limit Download PDFInfo
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- CN103248269B CN103248269B CN201310213805.XA CN201310213805A CN103248269B CN 103248269 B CN103248269 B CN 103248269B CN 201310213805 A CN201310213805 A CN 201310213805A CN 103248269 B CN103248269 B CN 103248269B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator based on the clamping limit, which belongs to the technical field of new energy and power generation. A left end cover and a right end cover are installed on a shell through screws, and a limiting ring A and a bearing are respectively embedded in the bottoms of the left and the right end covers; the shell is provided with an annular disc for installing the limiting ring; a piezoelectric oscillator is pressed respectively between the left end cover and the shell and between the right end cover and the shell, the other end of the piezoelectric oscillator is clamped between the limiting rings, and the free end of the piezoelectric oscillator is provided with a movable magnet; and an excitation disc rotating shaft is installed on the left and the right end covers through a bearing, and a fixed magnet is embedded on an excitation disc body. The wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator has the advantages that the excitation disc is maintained relatively still by utilizing the centre-of-gravity shift characteristic, so that the fixed magnet which is installed on the excitation disc rotates relatively to the movable magnet which rotates along the piezoelectric oscillator, the piezoelectric oscillator is driven to generate the power, and no external fixed support is needed; the blade structure is unnecessary to change in the use, and convenience in installation and maintenance can be realized; and the piezoelectric oscillator is limited by the limiting rings, so that the reliability is high, and the effective velocity zone is wide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new forms of energy and technical field of power generation, be specifically related to a kind of wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator spacing based on clamping, power for blade of wind-driven generator monitoring system.
Background technology
Blade is that wind-driven generator receives wind energy and converts thereof into the critical component of kinetic energy, determines the overall reliability of generator and service life.Blade of wind-driven generator is usually operated at comparatively under rugged environment, and self structure yardstick, weight and service load etc. are all very large, except because of except damaging by thunderbolt and the irresistible natural calamity such as earthquake, the blade injury that spontaneous corrosion, wearing and tearing and fatigue stress etc. cause is also inevitable.Production practices show, have an accident in wind-driven generator running 1/3rd because of caused by blade injury, therefore the health monitoring of fan blade is imperative.Along with the increase day by day of fan blade length and blower fan total number, rely on human at periodic intervals to check and the method safeguarded cannot meet Production requirement in the past.Therefore, there has been proposed blade of wind-driven generator health status monitoring method or the technology of various ways, as Chinese patent 201210442074.1,200810057405.3,201110397347.0,201210149265.9 etc., for the Real-Time Monitoring of the states such as blade cracks, wearing and tearing and distortion provides effective means.But the powerup issue of existing automatic sensing and monitoring system is not yet well solved at present; therefore be difficult to apply on a large scale; reason is: sensing and monitoring system to need to be arranged on blade and with blade rotation; electric energy cannot be provided by wire, and adopt during powered battery and need often shut down replacing battery.Therefore, a kind of microminiature TRT need be developed to meet the self-powered demand of monitoring system.
In recent years, for meeting the self-powered demand of all kinds of wireless sensing monitoring system, there has been proposed multiple microminiature oscillatory type piezoelectric generator, because of its with sheet type piezoelectric vibrator for inverting element, therefore structure is simple, volume is little, integrated height, be particularly suited for wireless sensing monitoring system self-powered, some type oscillatory type piezoelectric generator has succeeded application.For meeting the power demands of rotary body health monitoring systems, inventor also once proposed multiple based on magnetic couple excitation rotary piezoelectric generator, as Chinese patent 201210319215.0,201210320165.8,201210318782.4,201210318930.2 etc.The feature of above-mentioned various rotary generator is effective excitation that must be realized piezoelectric vibrator by relatively rotating between bearing block or bearing cap etc. " fixture " and axle class " rotary body ", therefore the rotary body power generation needs of " without fixed support " cannot be used for, as the blade and automobile tire etc. of rotation wind driven generator.
In addition, what existing rotary piezoelectric generator adopted is waits width piezoelectric vibrator and its stiff end diameter is less than the diameter of the free end being provided with magnet, drawback is: during piezoelectric vibrator flexural deformation, Root Stress is large, easily causes piezoelectric vibrator to damage; The timing of generator radial direction yardstick one, little, the overall generating capacity of the area of piezoelectric vibrator is weak; During high rotating speed magnet centrifugal force the axial vibratory displacement of piezoelectric vibrator can be made to reduce, even friction, therefore generating efficiency is low; It is crucial that piezoelectric vibrator bears pulse excitation in work, therefore have in multiple obvious vibration peak, piezoelectric vibrator work that STRESS VARIATION is large, reliability is low, effective speed belt is narrow.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of based on the spacing wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator of clamping, need extraneous fixed support and the problem that cannot apply, to meet the power demands of blade of wind-driven generator monitoring system to solve existing rotary piezoelectric generator.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: left end cap and right end cap are arranged on the barrel two ends of housing respectively by screw, and described left and right end cap bottom inside is inlaid with spacing ring one and bearing respectively; Described housing is provided with two annular disks, and described two annular disks are separately installed with spacing ring two by screw; Metal substrate is crimped with respectively between left end cap and the barrel of housing and between right end cap and the barrel of housing, the piezoelectric chip of described metal substrate and its two side bonds forms piezoelectric vibrator jointly, the other end of described piezoelectric vibrator is clamped between the cusp of spacing ring one and spacing ring two, and the free end of shown piezoelectric vibrator is provided with moving magnet by screw; The rotating shaft two ends of cam-type excitation dish are arranged on left end cap and right end cap respectively by bearing, and the disk body of excitation dish is inlaid with fixed magnet; Described moving magnet is identical with the radius of fixed magnet and described each magnetic blow out centre is equal apart from the distance of the centre of gyration of the rotating shaft of excitation dish; The pole orientation being positioned at the adjacent fixed magnet of two circumferencial directions on excitation dish disk body is contrary, and the opposite pole being placed in the moving magnet of piezoelectric vibrator end, the excitation dish disk body left and right sides is near to install and to be placed in the pole configuration direction of the moving magnet of excitation dish disk body the same side identical.
For guaranteeing that the generator operation hour indicator physique heart is in below spindle central all the time, disk body gravity should meet:
wherein η
nfor being arranged on moving magnet quantity on the piezoelectric vibrator of disk body side and the greatest common divisor being arranged on the fixed magnet quantity on disk body, Q<150 ° is the central angle of eccentric circular ring disk body, F
yfor producing maximum repulsive force along the circumferential direction between moving magnet and fixed magnet, R is the distance of center to spindle central of moving magnet and fixed magnet, R
gfor disk body barycenter is to the distance of spindle central.
For guaranteeing not damage because suffered stress is excessive in piezoelectric vibrator work and making piezoelectric vibrator bear attraction and the repulsive force of alternately change, between each parameter of generator, following relation should be met:
q
0=4arcsin (r/R), wherein, μ
0for space permeability, l is the axial distance between moving magnet and fixed magnet adjacent pole, and L is the axial distance between two moving magnet adjacent poles, m
1, m
2be respectively the magnetic moment of moving magnet and fixed magnet, λ is the coefficient relevant with the structure of piezoelectric vibrator and material parameter, σ
*for the allowable tensile stress of piezoelectric chip material, Q
0for the angle on excitation dish disk body between two adjacent fixed magnet centers and excitation dish spindle central line.
Advantage of the present invention is novel structure, 1. the characteristic of cam-type excitation dish centre-of gravity shift is utilized to make excitation dish keep static relative to its spindle central, thus produce relative rotation between the fixed magnet making to be arranged on excitation dish and the moving magnet rotated with piezoelectric vibrator, realize effective excitation of piezoelectric vibrator and generate electricity, without the need to extraneous fixed support; 2. this generator is independently parts, without the need to changing blade prototype structure in use procedure, and is convenient to I&M; 3. piezoelectric vibrator is because restricting by spacing ring, therefore high, the effective speed belt of the reliability of generator is wide, axial dimension is little; 4. the axial balanced configuration of piezoelectric vibrator, its vibration force is cancelled out each other, and can not pass to blade of wind-driven generator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the section of structure of TRT in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of housing;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of spacing ring two;
Fig. 5 is the output voltage-rotation speed characteristic comparison diagram of the spacing generator of clamping and cantilever beam generator.
Detailed description of the invention
Left end cap 1 and right end cap 3 are arranged on the two ends of the barrel 201 of housing 2 respectively by screw, described left end cap 1 and right end cap 3 bottom inside are inlaid with spacing ring 1 and bearing 8 respectively; Described housing 2 is provided with two annular disks 202, and described two annular disks 202 are separately installed with spacing ring 26 by screw; Metal substrate 401 is crimped with respectively between left end cap 1 and the barrel 202 of housing 2 and between the barrel 202 of right end cap 3 and housing 2, described metal substrate 401 forms piezoelectric vibrator 4 jointly with the piezoelectric chip 402 of its two side bonds, the other end of described piezoelectric vibrator 4 is clamped between the cusp of spacing ring 1 and spacing ring 26, and the free end of shown piezoelectric vibrator 4 is provided with moving magnet 7 by screw; Rotating shaft 901 two ends of cam-type excitation dish 9 are arranged on left end cap 1 and right end cap 3 respectively by bearing 8; The disk body 902 of excitation dish 9 is inlaid with fixed magnet 10; The radius of described moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10 is identical and described each magnetic blow out centre is equal apart from the distance of the centre of gyration of the rotating shaft 901 of excitation dish 9; The pole orientation being positioned at the adjacent fixed magnet 10 of two circumferencial directions on the disk body 902 of excitation dish 9 is contrary, be placed in the opposite pole of the moving magnet 7 of disk body 902 arranged on left and right sides piezoelectric vibrator 4 end near installing, and put identical with the pole configuration direction of the moving magnet 7 of disk body 902 the same side.
For guaranteeing that the generator operation hour indicator physique heart is in below spindle central all the time, disk body gravity should meet:
wherein η
nfor being arranged on moving magnet quantity on the piezoelectric vibrator of disk body side and the greatest common divisor being arranged on the fixed magnet quantity on disk body, Q<150 ° is the central angle of eccentric circular ring disk body, F
yfor producing maximum repulsive force along the circumferential direction between moving magnet and fixed magnet, R is the distance of center to spindle central of moving magnet and fixed magnet, R
gfor disk body barycenter is to the distance of spindle central.
For guaranteeing not damage because suffered stress is excessive in piezoelectric vibrator work and making piezoelectric vibrator bear attraction and the repulsive force of alternately change, between each parameter of generator, following relation should be met:
q
0=4arcsin (r/R), wherein, μ
0for space permeability, l is the axial distance between moving magnet and fixed magnet adjacent pole, and L is the axial distance between two moving magnet adjacent poles, m
1, m
2be respectively the magnetic moment of moving magnet and fixed magnet, λ is the coefficient relevant with the structure of piezoelectric vibrator and material parameter, σ
*for the allowable tensile stress of piezoelectric chip material, Q
0for the angle on excitation dish disk body between two adjacent fixed magnet centers and excitation dish spindle central line.
In the course of work, right end cap 3 is arranged on blade of wind-driven generator 11 by screw, and rotates around wind driven generator principal shaft 12 with blade of wind-driven generator 11; When moving magnet 7 in a circumferential direction near fixed magnet 10 and described two magnet are underlapped in a circumferential direction time, produce directed force F along the circumferential direction between moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10
y, thus produce the driving torque M that fixed magnet 10 is rotated along rotating shaft 901
y, when moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10 driving moment when circumferencial direction " tangent " is maximum, be M
y=RF
y, wherein R is the distance of center to rotating shaft 901 center of moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10; Barycenter due to the disk body 902 of the wheeled excitation dish 9 of convexity of the present invention is positioned at the below of rotating shaft 901, when disk body 902 is because being subject to driving torque M
yeffect turns over certain angle Q
1time, the gravity G of disk body 902 produces a reverse braking moment M
g=GR
gcosQ
1, wherein R
gfor disk body 902 barycenter is to the distance at rotating shaft 901 center.
For guaranteeing that the barycenter of disk body 902 in generator operation process is in the below at rotating shaft 901 center all the time, should make when disk body 902 corner is Q
1during=(180-Q)/2, between each moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10, driving torque sum is less than or equal to braking moment, namely
the gravity obtaining disk body 902 thus should meet:
wherein η
nfor being arranged on the quantity n of the moving magnet 7 on disk body 902 side piezoelectric vibrator 4
awith the quantity n of the fixed magnet 10 be arranged on disk body 902
bgreatest common divisor, Q<150 ° is the central angle of eccentric circular ring disk body 902.
When disk body 902 does not rotate with right end cap 3, produce relative rotation between moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10; And then the axial repulsive force changed suffered by moving magnet 7, make piezoelectric vibrator 4 produce reciprocal axial bending distortion and convert mechanical energy to electric energy.
In the above-mentioned course of work of generator, the axial force suffered by piezoelectric vibrator is the axial force between moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10.For left side moving magnet 7 in Fig. 1, axial force total suffered by it is:
wherein :+,-number respectively represent attraction and repulsive force,
for the active force between moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10,
be the axial attraction between two moving magnets 7, η
sfor the overlapping area between moving magnet 7 and single or fixed magnet 10 that two circumferencial directions are adjacent and the ratio of the magnet gross area, l is the axial distance between moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10 adjacent pole, and L is the axial distance between two moving magnet 7 adjacent poles, m
1, m
2be respectively the magnetic moment of moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10, μ
0for space permeability.When moving magnet 7 overlaps with fixed magnet 10 center line, area ratio is η
s=1, the attraction now between dynamic, fixed magnet is greater than repulsive force, therefore the maximum force suffered by piezoelectric vibrator 4 is
for guaranteeing piezoelectric chip 402 at work not because bearing the damage of excessive tension, should make
wherein λ is the coefficient relevant with the structure of piezoelectric vibrator 4 and material parameter, σ
*for the allowable tensile stress of piezoelectric chip material.
For making to produce between moving magnet 7 and fixed magnet 10 attraction and repulsive force that alternately change, should not overlap by fixed magnet 10 adjacent with two in moving magnet 7 rotary course in the present invention simultaneously, namely moving magnet 7 while " cutting out " with a fixed magnet with another fixed magnet " incision ", area ratio is now η
s=0, on the disk body 902 of excitation dish 9 center of two adjacent fixed magnets 10 and rotating shaft 901 center of excitation dish 9 line between angle should be Q
0=4arcsin (r/R), wherein r, R are respectively the radius of magnet and the radius of gyration corresponding to magnetic blow out centre.In this case, what piezoelectric vibrator 4 bore is harmonic excitation, therefore only can resonate under its intrinsic frequency; On the contrary, for the cantilever beam type piezoelectric vibrator generator of existing infinite place ring clamping, adsorb for avoiding moving, between fixed magnet, the method of repulsion can only be adopted to encourage, its energisation mode is periodic shock excitation, all can there is formant when the integral multiple of its intrinsic frequency or integer/mono-times in cantilever beam type piezoelectric vibrator, during resonance, amplitude is excessive easily causes piezoelectric vibrator to damage but not resonance point may cannot meet instructions for use because of amplitude and the brownout generated again.
Adopt piezoelectric vibrator 4 to be fan-shaped in the present invention, and the width of stiff end is greater than the width of free end.According to mechanics of materials knowledge, the stress distribution of the width such as stress distribution ratio on fan-shaped piezoelectric vibrator length direction cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators is even and the maximum stress of stiff end is relatively little, thus improves intensity and the reliability of generator; Meanwhile, when adopting fan-shaped piezoelectric vibrator, the ξ=(R when effective area of piezoelectric vibrator is the width cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators such as employing in generator cross section
d/ r
x+ 1)/2 times, wherein R
dand r
xbe respectively the rear large radius of piezoelectric vibrator of assembling and minor radius, as R
d/ r
x=5 ξ=3.Therefore, when suffered by piezoelectric vibrator, mean stress is equal, the generated energy of fan-shaped cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators is the ξ=(R waiting width cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators
d/ r
x+ 1)/2 times; In addition, when adopting fan-shaped piezoelectric vibrator, the radius of gyration of its end magnets is little, therefore centrifugal force self and little on the impact of magnet axially-movable, the effective generating under high rotating speed can be realized.
In the present invention, the free end of piezoelectric vibrator 4 clamps by the cusp of two spacing rings 1 and spacing ring 26, rotate around the cusp of described spacing ring by during External Force Acting, its bending rigidity and intrinsic frequency is high, free end axial deflection is little compared with the cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators of infinite place ring, therefore the voltage of two kinds of different operating mode piezoelectric vibrators-rotary speed property is different, the Vg-n characteristic curve namely in Fig. 5 is different.In Fig. 5, ZL and XL is respectively the voltage response of restraining position ring block piezoelectric vibrator in conventional cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrator and the present invention, as can be seen from the figure, multiple rotating speed making output voltage occur peak value is had in ZL curve, and maximumly differ comparatively large with minimum voltage, easily make when maximum voltage is too high piezoelectric vibrator because of be out of shape excessive and cracked and minimum voltage is too low time be difficult to again meet the demand of power supply in real time; Comparatively speaking, the difference of the maximum and minimum voltage of XL curve is less, and namely during restraining position ring block, piezoelectric vibrator is less in the fluctuation of whole rotating speed territory internal stress, and piezoelectric vibrator is unlikely to be damaged because being out of shape excessive, therefore high, the effective speed belt of reliability is wide.Within the scope of 100-900r/min, the magnitude of voltage of XL curve is all greater than the 5V supply voltage needed for sensing and monitoring system, and the voltage of ZL curve after rotating speed is greater than 500r/min is all lower than 5V, the deflection therefore adopting spacing ring to limit piezoelectric vibrator in the present invention effectively can improve the reliability of piezoelectric vibrator and effective speed belt width.
In the present invention, the characteristic of cam-type excitation dish centre-of gravity shift is utilized to make excitation dish keep static relative to its spindle central, thus produce relative rotation between the fixed magnet making to be arranged on excitation dish and the moving magnet rotated with piezoelectric vibrator, realize effective excitation of piezoelectric vibrator and generate electricity, without the need to extraneous fixed support; This generator is independently parts, without the need to changing blade prototype structure in use procedure, and is convenient to I&M; Piezoelectric vibrator is because restricting by spacing ring, therefore high, the effective speed belt of the reliability of generator is wide, axial dimension is little.
Claims (1)
1., based on the wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator that clamping is spacing, it is characterized in that: left end cap and right end cap are arranged on the barrel two ends of housing respectively by screw, and described left end cap and right end cap bottom inside are inlaid with spacing ring one and bearing respectively; Described housing is provided with two annular disks, and described two annular disks are separately installed with spacing ring two by screw; Metal substrate is crimped with respectively between left end cap and the barrel of housing and between right end cap and the barrel of housing, the piezoelectric chip of described metal substrate and its two side bonds forms piezoelectric vibrator jointly, the other end of described piezoelectric vibrator is clamped between the cusp of spacing ring one and spacing ring two, and the free end of described piezoelectric vibrator is provided with moving magnet by screw; The rotating shaft two ends of cam-type excitation dish are arranged on left end cap and right end cap respectively by bearing, and the disk body of excitation dish is inlaid with fixed magnet; Described moving magnet is identical with the radius of fixed magnet and each magnetic blow out centre is equal apart from the distance of the centre of gyration of the rotating shaft of excitation dish; The pole orientation being positioned at the adjacent fixed magnet of two circumferencial directions on excitation dish disk body is contrary, and the opposite pole being placed in the moving magnet of piezoelectric vibrator end, the excitation dish disk body left and right sides is near to install and to be placed in the pole configuration direction of the moving magnet of excitation dish disk body the same side identical; For guaranteeing that the generator operation hour indicator physique heart is in below spindle central all the time, disk body gravity should meet:
wherein η
nfor being arranged on moving magnet quantity on the piezoelectric vibrator of disk body side and the greatest common divisor being arranged on the fixed magnet quantity on disk body, Q is the central angle of eccentric circular ring disk body and Q<150 °, F
yfor producing maximum repulsive force along the circumferential direction between moving magnet and fixed magnet, R is the distance of center to spindle central of moving magnet and fixed magnet, R
gfor disk body barycenter is to the distance of spindle central.
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| CN201310213805.XA CN103248269B (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2013-05-31 | Wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator based on clamping limit |
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| CN201310213805.XA CN103248269B (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2013-05-31 | Wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator based on clamping limit |
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| CN103248269B true CN103248269B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
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| CN107395047B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2023-05-16 | 浙江师范大学 | Gyromagnetic radial tension-compression excited piezoelectric generator |
| CN107482868B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2023-05-26 | 浙江师范大学 | Magnetic coupling step-by-step excitation water flow generator |
| CN107359815B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2023-05-16 | 浙江师范大学 | Radial tension-compression excited rotary piezoelectric generator |
| CN107359818B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2023-05-16 | 浙江师范大学 | Piezoelectric windmill |
| CN113364346B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-12-20 | 浙江师范大学 | Parasitic turbine generator |
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| CN102797517A (en) * | 2012-09-01 | 2012-11-28 | 浙江师范大学 | Electricity generation device for oil gas pipeline monitoring system |
| CN203313093U (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-11-27 | 浙江师范大学 | Wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator based on clamping limit |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5552657A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-09-03 | Ocean Power Technologies, Inc. | Generation of electrical energy by weighted, resilient piezoelectric elements |
| CN102723894A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-10-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Rotary piezoelectric generation device |
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| CN203313093U (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-11-27 | 浙江师范大学 | Wheel-type piezoelectric beam generator based on clamping limit |
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Inventor after: Zeng Ping Inventor after: Han Junwu Inventor after: Wang Shuyun Inventor after: Yang Can Inventor after: Li Xiping Inventor after: Li Shengjie Inventor before: Han Junwu Inventor before: Li Shengjie Inventor before: Wang Shuyun Inventor before: Xu Hailong Inventor before: Zeng Ping |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: KAN JUNWU LI SHENGJIE WANG SHUYUN XU HAILONG CENG PING TO: CENG PING KAN JUNWU WANG SHUYUN YANG CAN LI XIPING LI SHENGJIE |
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Granted publication date: 20150429 Termination date: 20160531 |