CN107395050B - High-speed railway shafting monitoring devices - Google Patents
High-speed railway shafting monitoring devices Download PDFInfo
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- CN107395050B CN107395050B CN201710728642.7A CN201710728642A CN107395050B CN 107395050 B CN107395050 B CN 107395050B CN 201710728642 A CN201710728642 A CN 201710728642A CN 107395050 B CN107395050 B CN 107395050B
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed rail shafting monitoring device, and belongs to the field of rail vehicle monitoring and piezoelectric power generation. The wheel axle is arranged on the frame through a bearing, and an end cover is arranged at the end part of the shell of the frame; the end part of the wheel shaft is provided with a cylindrical cam with a cam groove, and one end of the cylindrical cam is sleeved on the wheel shaft and props against the inner ring of the bearing; the boss of the frame shell is provided with a piezoelectric vibrator and a reed, the free end of the reed is provided with an exciter through a rivet, the exciter is provided with a top block and a guide pillar, the guide pillar is sleeved with a rolling body, the rolling body is cylindrical or spherical, and the rolling body is arranged in the cam groove; the piezoelectric vibrator is formed by bonding a substrate and a piezoelectric sheet, the piezoelectric vibrator is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the reed, the substrate is arranged close to the reed, a gasket is pressed between the substrate and the reed, and the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator is propped against the top block; the frame is provided with a circuit board and a sensor, the piezoelectric vibrator is connected with the circuit board through a wire, and the circuit board is connected with the sensor through a wire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit monitoring and piezoelectric power generation, and particularly relates to a high-speed rail shafting monitoring device.
Background
Wheel sets are key components of rail vehicles, and the health condition of the wheel sets is ensured by periodic maintenance and overhaul in the past. With the continuous improvement of the running speed of the vehicle and the improvement of the safety consciousness of people, the real-time on-line monitoring technology research of the wheel set during the running of the vehicle is widely focused by students at home and abroad, and the required monitoring elements comprise the aspects of temperature, rotating speed, dynamic rigidity, abrasion, vibration and the like of the shaft and the bearing. For the wheel set monitoring system, the ideal method is to install various sensing monitoring systems on or close to the wheel set, so as to realize the direct on-line monitoring of the running state of the wheel set; however, this monitoring scheme is difficult to popularize and apply because of the inability to provide reliable and sufficient power supply to the sensing and monitoring system: the gear train is in a motion state, high-frequency jolt vibration exists between the gear train and a carriage, and the reliability is low when a cable is used for supplying power; if the battery is used for supplying power, the battery needs to be replaced frequently due to the limited service life, and when the battery is not replaced in time due to insufficient electric quantity, the effective monitoring cannot be realized, and even serious potential safety hazards are caused. Limited to the constraints of power supply problems, non-real-time and indirect measurement methods are still commonly used at present, namely, a sensing and monitoring system is arranged on a roadbed and does not move along with a vehicle body or rotate along with a wheel shaft. In order to solve the power supply problem of the real-time monitoring system of the train shafting, domestic and foreign scholars propose a microminiature piezoelectric generator which can be integrated with the monitoring system, but the conventional piezoelectric generator is periodically excited and piezoelectric sheets bear alternating tensile and compressive stress, so that the reliability is lower and the effective bandwidth is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-speed rail shafting monitoring device, which adopts the following implementation scheme: the wheel axle is arranged on the frame through a bearing, and an end cover is arranged at the end part of the shell of the frame through a screw; the end part of the wheel shaft is provided with a cylindrical cam with a cam groove through a pressing plate and a screw, and one end of the cylindrical cam is sleeved on the wheel shaft and props against the inner ring of the bearing; the boss of the frame shell is provided with a piezoelectric vibrator and a reed through a pressing block and a screw, the free end of the reed is provided with an exciter through a rivet, the exciter is provided with a top block and a guide pillar, the guide pillar is sleeved with a rolling body, the rolling body is cylindrical or spherical, and the rolling body is arranged in the cam groove; the piezoelectric vibrator is formed by bonding a substrate and a piezoelectric sheet, the piezoelectric vibrator is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the reed, the substrate is arranged close to the reed, a gasket is pressed between the substrate and the reed, and the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator is propped against the top block; the frame is provided with a circuit board and a sensor, the piezoelectric vibrator is connected with the circuit board through a wire, and the circuit board is connected with the sensor through a wire.
The piezoelectric vibrator is of a straight structure before installation and of a bent structure after installation; when the reed does not bend and deform, the deformation and stress states of the piezoelectric vibrators on the two sides of the reed are respectively the same, and the maximum stress on the piezoelectric sheet is half of the allowable value of the piezoelectric sheet; when the rolling body contacts with the left cam surface vertex or the right cam surface vertex of the cam groove and the bending deformation of the reed is maximized, the maximum compressive stress on the piezoelectric sheet is not more than the allowable value, and the deformation of the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator is not more than the allowable deformation, namely less than
Wherein: b=1- α+αβ, a=α 4 (1-β) 2 -4α 3 (1-β)+6α 2 (1-β)-4α(1-β)+1，
α＝h m /H，β＝E m /E p ，h m And H is the thickness of the substrate and the total thickness of the piezoelectric vibrator, E m And E is p Young's modulus, k of substrate and piezoelectric plate respectively 31 And->
The piezoelectric ceramic material has electromechanical coupling coefficient and allowable compressive stress, and L is the length of the piezoelectric vibrator.
When the piezoelectric vibrator is in operation, the wheel shaft drives the cylindrical cam to rotate, the rolling body reciprocates in the cam groove along the axial direction of the cylindrical cam, and then the piezoelectric vibrator is excited to vibrate in a reciprocating way by the exciter, so that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy: when the reed is bent and deformed, the acting force and the deformation of the top block born by the piezoelectric vibrator on one side are gradually increased, and the compressive stress born by the piezoelectric sheet is gradually increased but not more than an allowable value; the piezoelectric vibrator on the other side gradually resets under the action of the self elastic force, and the compression stress born by the piezoelectric sheet gradually decreases but the tensile stress does not appear; the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric vibrator is processed by a conversion circuit on the circuit board to supply power to the sensor, and the sensor obtains temperature, rotation speed or vibration information of the bearing in real time and transmits the information through a wireless transmitting system.
Advantages and features: the piezoelectric vibrator is subjected to unidirectional excitation deformation and the piezoelectric sheet is only subjected to compressive stress in the working process, so that the damage caused by excessive tensile stress is avoided, and the reliability is high; the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is half of the cam lift at any rotating speed, so that the reliability is high, the effective frequency bandwidth is wide, and the power generation and supply capability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a monitoring device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cam in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an actuator and a rolling element after assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the axle of the monitoring device of fig. 1 rotated 180 degrees.
Detailed Description
The wheel axle a is arranged on the frame c through a bearing b, and an end cover d is arranged at the end part of a shell c1 on the frame c through a screw; the end part of the wheel axle a is provided with a cylindrical cam f with a cam groove f1 through a pressing plate e and a screw, and one end of the cylindrical cam f is sleeved on the wheel axle a and props against the inner ring of the bearing b; the boss of the shell c1 of the frame c is provided with a piezoelectric vibrator h and a reed i through a pressing block g and a screw, the free end of the reed i is provided with an exciter j through a rivet, the exciter j is provided with a top block j1 and a guide pillar j2, the guide pillar j2 is sleeved with a rolling body k, the rolling body k is cylindrical or spherical, and the rolling body k is arranged in a cam groove f 1; the piezoelectric vibrator h is formed by bonding a substrate h1 and a piezoelectric sheet h2, the piezoelectric vibrator h is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the reed i, the substrate h1 is arranged close to the reed i, a gasket m is pressed between the substrate h1 and the reed i, and the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator h is propped against the jacking block j 1; the frame c is provided with a circuit board n and a sensor p, the piezoelectric vibrator h is connected with the circuit board n through a wire, and the circuit board n is connected with the sensor p through a wire.
The piezoelectric vibrator h has a straight structure before installation and a curved structure after installation; when the reed i does not bend and deform, the deformation and stress states of the piezoelectric vibrators h at the two sides of the reed i are respectively the same, and the maximum stress on the piezoelectric sheet h2 is half of the allowable value of the maximum stress; when the rolling element k contacts with the vertex Z of the left cam surface or the vertex Y of the right cam surface of the cam groove f1 and the bending deformation of the reed i is maximized, the maximum compressive stress on the piezoelectric sheet h2 is not more than the allowable value, and the deformation of the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator h is not more than the allowable deformation, namely less than
Wherein: b=1- α+αβ, a=α 4 (1-β) 2 -4α 3 (1-β)+6α 2 (1-β)-4α(1-β)+1，
α＝h m /H，β＝E m /E p ，h m And H is the thickness of the substrate H1 and the total thickness of the piezoelectric vibrator H, E m And E is p Young's moduli of the substrate h1 and the piezoelectric sheet h2, respectively，k 31 And->
The electromechanical coupling coefficient and the allowable compressive stress of the piezoelectric ceramic material are respectively shown, and L is the length of the piezoelectric vibrator h. />
When the piezoelectric vibrator is in operation, the wheel shaft a drives the cylindrical cam f to rotate, the rolling body k reciprocates in the cam groove f1 along the axial direction of the cylindrical cam f, and then the piezoelectric vibrator h is excited to vibrate in a reciprocating mode through the exciter j, so that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy: when the reed i is bent and deformed, the acting force and the deformation of the top block j1 born by the piezoelectric vibrator h at one side are gradually increased, and the compressive stress born by the piezoelectric sheet h2 is gradually increased but not more than an allowable value; the piezoelectric vibrator h at the other side gradually resets under the action of the self elastic force, and the compressive stress born by the piezoelectric sheet h2 gradually decreases but the tensile stress does not appear; the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric vibrator h is processed by a conversion circuit on the circuit board n to supply power to the sensor p, and the sensor p obtains temperature, rotation speed or vibration information of the bearing in real time and transmits the information through a wireless transmitting system.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a high-speed railway shafting monitoring devices which characterized in that: the wheel axle is arranged on the frame through a bearing, and an end cover is arranged at the end part of the shell of the frame through a screw; the end part of the wheel shaft is provided with a cylindrical cam with a cam groove through a pressing plate and a screw, and one end of the cylindrical cam is sleeved on the wheel shaft and props against the inner ring of the bearing; the boss of the frame shell is provided with a piezoelectric vibrator and a reed through a pressing block and a screw, the free end of the reed is provided with an exciter through a rivet, the exciter is provided with a top block and a guide pillar, the guide pillar is sleeved with a rolling body, the rolling body is cylindrical or spherical, the rolling body is arranged in a cam groove, the cam groove is a groove formed on the circumferential side surface of a cylindrical cam, and the two side walls of the cam groove are provided with an apex and a bottom point along the circumferential direction; the piezoelectric vibrator is formed by bonding a substrate and a piezoelectric sheet, the piezoelectric vibrator is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the reed, the substrate is arranged close to the reed, a gasket is pressed between the substrate and the reed, and the free end of the piezoelectric vibrator is propped against the top block; the piezoelectric vibrator is of a straight structure before installation and of a bent structure after installation; the frame is provided with a circuit board and a sensor, the piezoelectric vibrator is connected with the circuit board through a wire, and the circuit board is connected with the sensor through a wire; when the piezoelectric vibrator is in operation, the wheel shaft drives the cylindrical cam to rotate, the rolling bodies are alternately contacted with the top point of the left side wall cam surface or the top point of the right side wall cam surface of the cam groove, so that the rolling bodies do reciprocating motion in the cam groove along the axial direction of the cylindrical cam, and then the piezoelectric vibrator is excited to vibrate in a reciprocating mode through the exciter: when the reed is bent and deformed, the acting force and the deformation of the top block born by the piezoelectric vibrator on one side are gradually increased, and the compressive stress born by the piezoelectric sheet is gradually increased but not more than an allowable value; the piezoelectric vibrator on the other side gradually resets under the action of the self elastic force, and the compression stress born by the piezoelectric sheet gradually decreases but the tensile stress does not appear; the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric vibrator is processed by a conversion circuit on the circuit board to supply power for the sensor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710728642.7A CN107395050B (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | High-speed railway shafting monitoring devices |
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| CN201710728642.7A CN107395050B (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | High-speed railway shafting monitoring devices |
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| CN107395050A CN107395050A (en) | 2017-11-24 |
| CN107395050B true CN107395050B (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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| CN107940242A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-20 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of self-powered Monitoring Pinpelines device |
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| CN113131788B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-11-01 | 长春工业大学 | Indirect-excitation rotary cam type piezoelectric energy harvesting device |
| CN113364349B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-12-06 | 浙江师范大学 | Train wheel set monitoring device |
| CN115276465B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-05-10 | 西安理工大学 | Human motion energy capture device |
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Effective date of registration: 20240115 Address after: No. 9 Hisense Tianchen Road, High tech Zone, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250000 Patentee after: Tianhong (Jinan) Intelligent Equipment Industry Research Co.,Ltd. Address before: 321004 Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, Wucheng District, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: ZHEJIANG NORMAL University |