CN113351998A - 雕刻机 - Google Patents

雕刻机 Download PDF

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CN113351998A
CN113351998A CN202110246208.1A CN202110246208A CN113351998A CN 113351998 A CN113351998 A CN 113351998A CN 202110246208 A CN202110246208 A CN 202110246208A CN 113351998 A CN113351998 A CN 113351998A
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李同
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/362—Laser etching
    • B23K26/364—Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0211—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track
    • B23K37/0235—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track the guide member forming part of a portal
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0408—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work for planar work

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种激光雕刻机，其具有三点悬挂系统及反转的X‑Y轴支撑系统，其中X轴梁经安装到Y轴梁且在所述Y轴梁的下方，且所述Y轴梁经安装在所述X轴梁的外端的内侧，且在结构上与机器壳体成一体。另外，向激光工具的驱动带增加配重以在雕刻过程期间消除所述工具的快速往复移动期间的振动。

Description

雕刻机
相关申请案的交叉引用
本申请案部分要求2020年3月6日申请的第62/986,056号美国临时申请案的利益，其全部内容通过引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本文件描述一种改进的激光雕刻机，其用于雕刻由各种材料制成的物体，包含带有字母、数字、图像及其组合的石头、金属木材及塑料，更特定来说，本发明涉及一种雕刻机，其具有新颖的X轴及Y轴工具支撑及引导结构的布置，以提供改进的结构强度，从而允许使用更轻的构造材料。本发明进一步描述一种具有配重X轴激光驱动器的装置，其基本上消除雕刻过程中的振动及图像分辨率的损失。
背景技术
雕刻机，尤其是使用激光来实施雕刻过程的那些雕刻机通常包括机柜，所述机柜可安装在桌子或类似物上的物体上方，例如将雕刻的墓碑。在机柜内存在X轴及Y轴支撑梁，其用于供步进电动机驱动系统递增地且在数字程序的控制下使激光工具移动穿过将在固定焦距处雕刻的物体表面上方的二维场。X轴梁直接支撑激光在X方向上的移动，而Y轴梁在X轴梁下方延伸，并为X轴梁提供支撑，以在Y轴方向上进行递增地平移或移动。
如图1所示，现有技术方法必须将支撑X轴梁12的Y轴梁14及16定位在X轴梁下方，并尽可能远离，以向激光工具10赋予最大平移能力。Y轴梁14及16在其相对端处系至机柜的前侧面板及后侧面板中，并为机柜结构增加了少许刚度。例如，见本人的第10,654,127号专利。由于梁14及16相距如此之远，激光机柜必须由更大口径、高抗拉强度金属(例如钢)制成，以便具有足够的刚度，以保持雕刻过程中的分辨率，且在激光工具非常快速的来回移动期间不允许壳体中的任何挠曲或振动。
发明内容
根据本发明，所描述的第一改进涉及X及Y步进电动机轨道支撑梁的反转，使得X轴支撑梁安装在Y轴支撑梁下方。这允许使所述Y轴支撑梁更靠近在一起，从而为激光壳体的框架增加刚度，并得益于使用更轻量的材料(例如铝)而减少或免除在所述激光壳体的构造中使用钢。
本文中提供的发明的第二方面涉及连续环形带的重新定向，所述连续环形带用于沿所述X轴递增地平移激光工具，使得末端滑轮的旋转轴是垂直的而不是水平的。另外，在与所述雕刻工具相对的所述带的一侧上增加配重。因此，在递增往复移动期间，所述配重沿与所述激光相反的方向移动，从而产生动量守恒，这在所述雕刻过程中显著减少振动，且改进激光雕刻精度及图像分辨率。
如下文进一步所述，最佳地经构造以基本上(如果非相同地)等于激光工具的质量的所述配重可为第二激光器，所述第二激光器被独立启动，以与前部安装的激光器同时执行所述雕刻过程的额外部分。这当然增加编程过程的复杂性，但所述技术在本领域的技术范围内。还将注意到，以下描述的附图的图3中所示的装置实质上对应于在本人的第10,654,127号美国专利中公开的三点激光支撑及引导系统，其全部公开通过引用的方式并入本文中。
附图说明
图1是现有技术X及Y梁支撑结构的图解视图；
图2是新的X及Y梁激光支撑结构的图解视图；
图3是激光机的透视图，其包含具有X及Y雕刻工具平移能力的激光机柜及一对激光10及13，所述一对激光10及13经安装以在带槽步进电动机驱动带的相对侧上在相反方向上移动；及
图4是图3的设备的仰视图，其展示在X轴递增驱动带42的相对侧以配重方式使用两个激光。
具体实施方式
回顾图1中图解展示的现有技术X及Y梁结构，应注意，X轴支撑梁12经安装在宽间距的Y轴支撑梁12及14上方，以允许激光工具10在正X轴及负X轴方向上实现最大平移范围。
另一方面，图2展示新的布置，其中激光工具10及X轴支撑结构18经安装到Y轴支撑梁20及22且在其下方，从而允许所述梁结构移动为更靠近一起，从而为图3及4所示的壳体24增加大量额外刚度。
参考图3及4，激光机24经展示为包括盒状金属壳体，其中内部体积适于容纳向下瞄准的激光雕刻工具10的X轴支撑结构18，所述X轴支撑结构18可通过安装在由步进电动机43驱动的滑轮44及46上的带42而沿X轴移动，如在如上所述本人的先前专利文件中所公开。Y轴驱动由第二步进电动机45提供。在此实例中，壳体位于桌子36的顶表面上，所述桌子36安装在升降台38上方，将要雕刻的物体40静置在所述升降台38上。升降台允许物体40被放置在适当位置，且然后上升到激光工具10的焦距范围中。
然而，通过三点工具支撑及引导系统提供对将雕刻物体40的表面中的任何非水平条件的激光焦点及适应的额外调整，所述三点工具支撑及引导系统并入以三角形图案布置的螺丝轴26、28及30且在这种情况下可手动调整以允许激光工具平移场的校平，使得其与将雕刻的物体10的表面平行。再次，这在本人的现有技术专利中充分描述。
根据本发明及本文所述的新颖主题，在壳体24的前面板与后面板之间延伸并附装到其上的Y轴梁20及22经安装为更靠近在一起，而不对X轴平移范围具有负面影响。Y轴梁在结构上系到前壳体面板及后壳体面板中，从而为壳体增加大量刚度，且如上所述，允许更轻、更便宜的构造材料的使用。
机柜或壳体24具有铰接盖32，其中排气口34连接到排气系统(未展示)，以从激光工具10正在操作的区域排出灰尘与碎屑以及烟。在雕刻工具10采用机械装置(例如金刚石尖端旋转工具)的形式的情况下，使用类似的机械。通过将Y轴梁20及22定位在壳体的侧面板23与25之间的三分之一及三分之二距离点处而提供最大的结构刚度。举例来说，对于提供48英寸场的壳体或机柜，梁20定位于距离侧面板23至少约16英寸处，而梁22距离侧面板23 32英寸，且距离梁20 16英寸。这个间距的变化也是有利的，且可能需要适应各种因素，例如机柜设计及各种内部组件的安装位置。
如上文所指示，本文所述的创新主题的另一方面是增加配重，此处为与激光工具10相同的第二激光工具13的形式，其安装在正对面的带42上；即，在带42的另一侧上，使得当激光雕刻工具10在递增雕刻过程期间从右向左移动时，工具13从左向右移动，且反之亦然。所述配重的质量经选择为至少基本上等于所述工具的质量，且如将被理解的，在与所述工具的移动相反的方向上移动。这引发动量守恒，其在非常精细、高分辨率雕刻过程期间，抑制单个激光雕刻工具10在工具的快速往复递增移动期间使带42振动或挠曲的趋势。结果是将雕刻的图像及其它图形的分辨率的大改进。
进一步查看图4，激光源50经展示为被安装朝向机柜背面，且输出瞄准镜52，所述镜52将光束重新引导到第二分束镜54，所述第二分束镜54接着将光束引导到激光工具13。光束还穿过镜54到第二镜56，所述第二镜56将光束引导到激光工具10。应理解，两个激光可与两组镜一起使用以将其相应的光束传输到工具10及13，使得它们可在雕刻过程期间基本上彼此独立地操作。
应进一步理解，已参考被认为在本质上是说明性的实施例来描述本发明，且本领域技术人员将看到并理解，可对本文描述的主题进行各种修改及添加。

Claims (9)

1.一种激光雕刻机，其包括：
机柜；
雕刻工具；
构件，其支撑所述雕刻工具沿X轴进行递增往复移动；
构件，其支撑所述雕刻工具沿Y轴以与所述X轴成直角且与所述X轴在同一水平面中进行递增往复移动；所述X轴支撑构件包括一对梁，所述一对梁定位为分开一定距离，所述距离小于所述X轴支撑构件的终端之间的距离；
所述X轴支撑构件经安装到所述X轴支撑结构且在所述X轴支撑结构下方，使得所述工具沿所述X轴的平移可延伸到Y轴支撑梁的位置之外。
2.根据权利要求1所述的雕刻机，其中所述雕刻工具是激光器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的雕刻机，其中所述Y轴支撑结构进一步包括步进电动机及闭环带，所述步进电动机及闭环带用于使所述雕刻工具递增地平移穿过递增移动的X轴范围。
4.根据权利要求3所述的雕刻机，其中设备进一步包括安装在所述带上的配重，以平衡所述雕刻工具的质量。
5.根据权利要求4所述的雕刻机，其中所述配重是第二激光器。
6.一种雕刻机X轴驱动系统，其包括：
闭环驱动带，其具有步进电动机驱动；
雕刻工具，其具有已知质量，其附接到所述带的单侧跨度以与所述带一起移动；及
配重，其与所述工具有基本上相同的质量，且附接到所述带的第二侧以在与所述工具相反的方向上与所述带一起移动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其中所述配重是雕刻工具。
8.一种雕刻机，包含可编程以移动穿过X-Y场中的雕刻工具，且包括：
壳体；
第一结构，其提供所述工具沿延伸穿过所述场的X轴的经编程移动；
第二结构，其提供所述工具沿延伸穿过所述场的Y轴的经编程移动，其中
所述第一结构经安装到所述第二结构且在所述第二结构下方。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机器，其中所述第一结构包含梁，所述梁具有接近所述场的横向边界的相对端；及
所述第二结构包含一对平行梁，所述一对平行梁跨所述场延伸且基本上在所述相对端的内侧接触所述第一结构梁。
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